GCF MMP-8 levels in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis following scaling and root planing accompanied by systemic use of flurbiprofen.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has been identified as an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive flurbiprofen administration on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from smoking and non-smoking patients with CP. METHODS: Twenty-nine non-smoking and 29 smoking patients with CP were divided into four groups according to periodontal treatment modalities. Group 1 (non-smokers with CP) and group 3 (smokers with CP) patients received daily 100-mg flurbiprofen tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients in group 2 (non-smokers with CP) and group 4 (smokers with CP) received placebo tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with SRP. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded; GCF samples were collected from each sampling area at baseline and after the 10-day period of drug intake by a single examiner who was unaware of the treatment modality. Assays for GCF MMP-8 were carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: All groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI and GI scores following the phase I periodontal treatment (P < 0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in PD and CAL scores after therapy. In all groups, the reduction of GCF MMP-8 levels after therapy was statistically significant compared to baseline levels (P < 0.001). When groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 were compared according to GCF MMP-8 levels after the therapy, no statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.117 and P = 0.485, respectively). CONCLUSION: Flurbiprofen administration had no additional inhibitory effect over SRP alone on GCF levels of MMP-8 in smokers compared to non-smokers with CP.

Gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandin E(2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis following phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive use of flurbiprofen.

BACKGROUND: It has been established that smoking is an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis (CP). This study investigates the effects of phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive flurbiprofen administration on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from smoker and non-smoker patients with CP. METHODS: Twenty-one non-smoker and 21 smoker patients with CP were divided into four groups according to treatment modalities. Group 1 (non-smokers with CP) and group 3 (smokers with CP) patients received daily 100-mg flurbiprofen tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients in group 2 (non-smokers with CP) and group 4 (smokers with CP) received placebo tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with SRP. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded and GCF samples were collected at baseline and on day 10 of drug intake from each sampling area by a single examiner who was unaware of the treatment modality. Assays for GCF PGE(2) and TBARS were carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric method, respectively. RESULTS: All groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI and GI scores following the phase I periodontal treatment on day 10 (P <0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in PD and CAL scores after the therapy. In groups 1 and 2, the reduction of GCF PGE(2) and TBARS levels were not significant after the therapy compared to baseline levels. In group 3, GCF PGE(2) and TBARS levels exhibited a statistically significant decrease (P <0.05) after the therapy. Group 4 showed significant reductions (P <0.05) in GCF PGE(2) levels after the therapy. No statistically significant reductions were observed in group 4 with regard to GCF TBARS levels. When groups 1 and 3 were compared according to GCF TBARS levels after the therapy, a more statistically significant reduction was observed in group 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that additional flurbiprofen administration may have more inhibitory effects on GCF levels of PGE(2) and TBARS in the groups of smokers compared to non-smokers with CP.

Effects of scaling and root planing and subantimicrobial dose doxycycline on gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8, -13 and serum levels of HsCRP in patients with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the efficacy of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -13 and on serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: A total of 41 patients with CP and 17 healthy individuals were included in this randomized controlled trial. CP patients were randomly distributed into two groups. Study groups were established as Group I with SRP+placebo, Group II with SRP+SDD, and Group III as control. All CP patients received two regimens of SRP and Group II patients also received SDD for 6 weeks. At baseline and 6 weeks, GCF and blood were collected and clinical indices were recorded. The HsCRP level was assayed in the plasma on a nephelometer. The GCF levels of MMPs were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in plaque index, gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), GCF volumes, GCF MMP levels, and serum levels of HsCRP between pre-treatment and post-treatment were noted in both groups. Between groups there was a statistically significant decrease in PD, GI, and GCF levels of MMP-8 favoring the group receiving SDD adjunctive to SRP (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, greater improvement was detected for PD, GI, and GCF levels of MMP-8 when using SRP+SDD compared to SRP+placebo.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Prostaglandin E2 and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance Levels in Smokers and Non-Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis Following Phase I Periodontal Therapy and Adjunctive Use of Flurbiprofen.

BACKGROUND: It has been established that smoking is an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis (CP). This study investigates the effects of phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive flurbiprofen administration on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from smoker and non-smoker patients with CP. METHODS: Twenty-one non-smoker and 21 smoker patients with CP were divided into four groups according to treatment modalities. Group 1 (non-smokers with CP) and group 3 (smokers with CP) patients received daily 100-mg flurbiprofen tablets in a 2 × 1 regimen for 10 days together with scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients in group 2 (non-smokers with CP) and group 4 (smokers with CP) received placebo tablets in a 2 × 1 regimen for 10 days together with SRP. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded and GCF samples were collected at baseline and on day 10 of drug intake from each sampling area by a single examiner who was unaware of the treatment modality. Assays for GCF PGE2 and TBARS were carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric method, respectively. RESULTS: All groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI and GI scores following the phase I periodontal treatment on day 10 (P <0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in PD and CAL scores after the therapy. In groups 1 and 2, the reduction of GCF PGE2 and TBARS levels were not significant after the therapy compared to baseline levels. In group 3, GCF PGE2 and TBARS levels exhibited a statistically significant decrease (P <0.05) after the therapy. Group 4 showed significant reductions (P <0.05) in GCF PGE2 levels after the therapy. No statistically significant reductions were observed in group 4 with regard to GCF TBARS levels. When groups 1 and 3 were compared according to GCF TBARS levels after the therapy, a more statistically significant reduction was observed in group 3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that additional flurbiprofen administration may have more inhibitory effects on GCF levels of PGE2 and TBARS in the groups of smokers compared to non-smokers with CP.

Effects of scaling and root planing and sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline on oral and systemic biomarkers of disease in patients with both chronic periodontitis and coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) +/- sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1, -8, -13 and on serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) and lipid fractions in patients with both chronic periodontitis (CP) and coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients were randomly distributed into two groups (Placebo or SDD; 6 weeks) and both received two regimens of SRP. At baseline and 6 weeks, GCF and blood were collected and clinical indices were recorded. MMPs, HsCRP and lipid fractions were assayed. RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements for all clinical parameters, GCF volumes, GCF MMPs and serum levels of HsCRP, apolipoprotein-A (APO-A), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein-a between pre- and post-treatment in both groups. Between groups, there were statistically significant greater improvements in pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI), APO-A and HDL, favouring the group receiving SDD adjunctive to SRP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Greater improvement was detected for PD and GI, and for serum levels of APO-A and HDL cholesterol when using SRP+SDD compared with SRP+placebo in this study. An investigation with larger numbers of patients and a longer duration of drug treatment is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.