RESUMO
Designing various inorganic nanomaterials that are cost effective, water soluble, optically photostable, highly fluorescent and biocompatible for bioimaging applications is a challenging task. Similar to semiconducting quantum dots (QDs), silicon QDs are another alternative and are highly fluorescent, but non-water soluble. Several surface modification strategies were adopted to make them water soluble. However, the photoluminescence of Si QDs was seriously quenched in the aqueous environment. In this report, highly luminescent, water-dispersible, blue- and green-emitting Si QDs were prepared with good photostability. In vitro studies in monocytes reveal that Si QDs exhibit good biocompatibility and excellent distribution throughout the cytoplasm region, along with the significant fraction translocated into the nucleus. The in vivo zebrafish studies also reveal that Si QDs can be evenly distributed in the yolk-sac region. Overall, our results demonstrate the applicability of water-soluble and highly fluorescent Si QDs as excellent in vitro and in vivo bioimaging probes.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/toxicidade , Meios de Contraste/química , Meios de Contraste/toxicidade , Pontos Quânticos/química , Pontos Quânticos/toxicidade , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacocinética , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Contraste/farmacocinética , Substâncias Luminescentes/química , Substâncias Luminescentes/farmacocinética , Substâncias Luminescentes/toxicidade , Medições Luminescentes , Teste de Materiais , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Silício/química , Silício/farmacocinética , Solubilidade , Água , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
Highly fluorescent iridium nanoclusters were synthesized and investigated its application as a potential intracellular marker. The iridium nanoclusters were prepared with an average size of ~2 nm. Further, these nanoclusters were refluxed with aromatic ligands, such as 2,2'-binaphthol (BINOL) in order to obtain fluorescence properties. The photophysical properties of these bluish-green emitting iridium nanoclusters were well characterized by using UV-Visible, fluorescence and lifetime decay measurements. The emission spectrum for these nanoclusters exhibit three characteristic peaks at 449, 480 and 515 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield of BINOL-Ir NCs were estimated to be 0.36 and the molar extinction co-efficients were in the order of 10(6) M(-1)cm(-1). In vitro cytotoxicity studies in HeLa cells reveal that iridium nanoclusters exhibited good biocompatibility with an IC50 value of ~100 µg/ml and also showed excellent co-localization and distribution throughout the cytoplasm region without entering into the nucleus. This research has opened a new window in developing the iridium nanoparticle based intracellular fluorescent markers and has wide scope to act as biomedical nanocarrier to carry many biological molecules and anticancer drugs.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Fluorescência , Irídio/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Imagem Molecular/instrumentação , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacocinética , Células/metabolismo , Células/ultraestrutura , Células HeLa , Humanos , Irídio/farmacocinética , Teste de Materiais , Modelos Biológicos , Imagem Molecular/métodos , Imagem Óptica/instrumentação , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Distribuição Tecidual , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Upon excitation with near-infrared light (980â nm), PEGylated W18 O49 nanowires can sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen and thus reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect can cause the destruction of tumors in the absence of organic photosensitizers. PEG=poly(ethylene glycol), PTT=photothermal therapy.
Assuntos
Nanofios/química , Óxidos/química , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Oxigênio Singlete/metabolismo , Tungstênio/química , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Células HeLa , Humanos , Raios Infravermelhos , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nanofios/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Oxigênio Singlete/química , Azida Sódica/química , Azida Sódica/farmacologia , Temperatura , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
Light-mediated theranostic platforms involve the use of agents (small molecules/nanomaterials), which can absorb light to produce either heat or reactive chemical species (RCS) and emit fluorescence. Such platforms are advantageous in the field of personalized medicine, as they provide enhanced diagnostic capabilities, improved therapeutic efficiencies, and can also simultaneously monitor the treatment outcomes using imaging modalities. Specifically, agents absorbing near-infrared (NIR) light can provide minimal scattering, low autofluorescence, superior spatio-temporal resolution, and deeper tissue penetration depths. Gold nanorods (GNR) and indocyanine green (ICG) are two agents known to absorb light in the NIR region. GNR can provide tunable plasmonic properties, while ICG is an FDA-approved NIR fluorophore. However, the use of ICG and GNR suffers from various limitations, such as photobleaching, non-specificity, toxicity, and aggregation in solution. To overcome these limitations, herein, we report on NIR light-activatable niosomes loaded with GNR and ICG for cancer theranostic applications. Both agents were encapsulated into non-ionic surfactant-based biocompatible niosomes to form ICG-GNR@Nio with superior loading efficiencies and enhanced properties. ICG-GNR@Nio offers excellent storage stability, photostability, elevated temperature rise and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 1064 nm laser irradiation. Subsequently, the enhanced phototherapeutic capabilities mediated by ICG-GNR@Nio were validated in the in vitro cellular experiments. Overall, ICG-GNR@Nio-based theranostic platforms can provide a significant benchmark in the improved diagnosis and therapeutic capabilities for biomedical clinicians to tackle various diseases.
Assuntos
Verde de Indocianina , Nanotubos , Verde de Indocianina/química , Lipossomos , Medicina de Precisão , Ouro/química , Nanotubos/química , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodosRESUMO
Cancer is one of the major life-threatening diseases among human beings. Developing a simple, cost-effective and biocompatible approach to treat cancers using ultra-low doses of light is a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments. In this study, we report for the first time that nano-sized graphene oxide (GO) exhibits single-photon excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence in the visible and short near-infrared (NIR) region, suitable for in vivo multi-color fluorescence imaging. We also demonstrate in both in vitro and in vivo experiments to show that nano GO can sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen to exert combined nanomaterial-mediated photodynamic therapeutic (NmPDT) and photothermal therapy (NmPTT) effects on the destruction of B16F0 melanoma tumors in mice using ultra-low doses (â¼0.36 W/cm(2)) of NIR (980 nm) light. The average half-life span of the mice treated by the GO-PEG-folate-mediated NmPDT effects is beyond 30 days, which is â¼1.8 times longer than the mice treated with doxorubicin (17 days). Overall, the current study points out a successful example of using GO-PEG-folate nanocomposite as a theranostic nanomedicine to exert simultaneously in vivo fluorescent imaging as well as combined NmPDT and NmPTT effects for clinical cancer treatments.
Assuntos
Grafite/química , Melanoma Experimental/terapia , Nanocompostos/química , Óxidos/química , Fototerapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Fólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Fólico/química , Grafite/uso terapêutico , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Lasers , Luz , Masculino , Melanoma Experimental/diagnóstico por imagem , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nanocompostos/uso terapêutico , Imagem Óptica , Óxidos/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Oxigênio Singlete/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
For biomedical applications, emerging nanostructures requires stringent evaluations for their biocompatibility. Core/shell iron/carbon nanoparticles (Fe@CNPs) are nanomaterials that have potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery. However, their interactions with biological systems are totally unknown. To evaluate their potential cellular perturbations and explore the relationships between their biocompatibility and surface chemistry, we synthesized polymer grafted Fe@CNPs with diverse chemistry modifications on surface and investigated their dynamic cellular responses, cell uptake, oxidative stress and their effects on cell apoptosis and cell cycle. The results show that biocompatibility of Fe@CNPs is both surface chemistry dependent and cell type specific. Except for the carboxyl modified Fe@CNPs, all other Fe@CNPs present low toxicity and can be used for further functionalization and in a wide range of biomedical applications.