The risk of thromboembolism in relation to in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: Summary of available literature concerning recommendation of antithrombotic prophylaxis in the infertility treatment by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in pregnancies after IVF. DESIGN: Review article. SETTINGS: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc; Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc. METHODS: Analysis of literary sources and databases Medline, Web of Science, Scholar Google, 2010-2018. CONCLUSION: The incidence of thromboembolism in the first trimester of pregnancy after IVF is 0.2% e. g. 10-times higher compared to normal pregnant population. Pregnancies after IVF are complicated in 6-7% by ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), they then have the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) 1.7% in the first trimester, what is 100-times higher as compared to the general population. Women after IVF without OHSS have a 5-times higher risk of VTE compared to the general population. To lower the risk of thromboembolism during treatment, use of low dose gonadotrophin (mild) stimulation protocols, prioritization of antagonistic stimulation protocols, avoidance of OHSS using GnRH agonists instead of hCG, cryo embryotransfer in natural cycles, reduction of incidence of multiple pregnancy by single embryo transfer, use of prophylactic and therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended. These strategies can reduce the risk of thromboembolism. The LMWH application is suitable in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy after IVF where OHSS was present.

Implantation and diagnostics of endometrial receptivity.

OBJECTIVE: Literature review of endometrial receptivity in embryo implantation and its diagnostic possibilities. DESIGN: Literature review. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc. RESULTS: Endometrial tissue is very dynamic, undergoing cyclic proliferation, differentiation and cell transportation, especially of immune system cells under the influence of circulating estradiol and progesterone. Endometrial remodelling during embryo implantation is controlled by decidual cells senescence and effectivity of their immunologic destruction. Endometrial receptivity can be assessed by transcriptomic profiling of endometrial biopsy using ERA system or proteomic analysis of either endometrial secretome or cervical mucus by gel electrophoresis (DIGE) or mass spectrometry (MS). CONCLUSION: With respect to recent discoveries in endometrial physiology and molecular biology, clinical application of proteomic approaches in research of potential biomarkers of endometrial receptivity could be of interest.

Robot assisted laparoscopic abdominal cerclage: two case reports.

OBJECTIVE: In this work we report the first use of robot-assisted preconceptual abdominal cerclage in the Czech Republic with subsequent live birth. We present two patients with a history of late pregnancy losses (late miscarriage) who underwent robotic abdominal cerclage. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký Univesity, Olomouc. METHODS: The da Vinci S surgical system was used for the robot-assisted abdominal cerclage. RESULTS: One robot-assisted laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage patient delivered at term a live infant and the second patient currently undergoes infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization. CONCLUSION: Robotic abdominal cerclage is a relatively new minimally invasive method for treatment of cervical insufficiency. This technique provides 3D visualization and better instrumentation than the conventional laparoscopic approach.

[Descending necrotising mediastinitis - surgical management]. / Descendentní nekrotizující mediastinitida - chirurgická lécba.

INTRODUCTION: Descending necrotising mediastinitis (DNM) is a less common form of infection in the mediastinum caused by downward spread from the cervical, oral and pharyngeal regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluate a group of patients who underwent surgical management of DNM at our department between 2007 and 2011. RESULTS: We operated on 7 patients (1 female, 6 males) with the mean age of 56.3 years. In 3 cases the infection was of odontogenic origin and in 4 cases of tonsillar origin. Except for one patient with permanent immunosuppression, after kidney transplantation, swab culture showed the original, inciting pathogen to be Streptococcus in all cases; as for anaerobic organisms it was mostly Fusobacterium. In all cases we performed external cervical drainage and mediastinal drainage through a cervical approach. In 3 cases it was necessary to perform mediastinal drainage through thoracotomy. Mean hospital stay was 45.7 days, 30-day mortality was zero. CONCLUSION: The results confirm a better prognosis of DNM compared to mediastinitis caused by oesophageal perforation or oesophageal surgery complication.

[Reconstruction of a crushed chest with HI-TEX PARP NT implant]. / Die Rekonstruktion eines zertrümmerten Brustskeletts mithilfe des Implantats HI-TEX PARP NT.

The authors present the case of a 57-year-old man with polytrauma, who was injured in a train accident. Together with other injuries, he also sustained multiple comminuted fractures on the left half of the rib cage. These subsequently required surgical intervention because of thoracic instability and impending lung injury. Extensive damage to the thoracic skeleton was treated by removal of the damaged tissues and replacement by the HI-TEX PARP NT implant. The presented procedure is being discussed as an alternative to metallic fixation in thoracic instability in cases of devastating injury or injury resulting in bone and tissue loss.