Molecular module of CmMYB15-like-Cm4CL2 regulating lignin biosynthesis of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) in response to aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) feeding.

Lignin is a major component of plant cell walls and a conserved basic defense mechanism in higher plants deposited in response to aphid infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis in response to aphid infection and the effect of lignin on aphid feeding behavior remain unclear. We report that 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase 2 (Cm4CL2), a gene encoding a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, is induced by aphid feeding, resulting in lignin deposition and reduced aphid attack. Upstream regulator analysis showed that the expression of Cm4CL2 in response to aphid feeding was directly upregulated by CmMYB15-like, an SG2-type R2R3-MYB transcription factor. CmMYB15-like binds directly to the AC cis-element in the promoter region of Cm4CL2. Genetic validation demonstrated that CmMYB15-like was induced by aphid infection and contributed to lignin deposition and cell wall thickening, which consequently enhanced aphid resistance in a Cm4CL2-dependent manner. This study is the first to show that the CmMYB15-like-Cm4CL2 module regulates lignin biosynthesis in response to aphid feeding.

Knowledge mapping and global trends of drug hypersensitivity from 2013 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Drug hypersensitivity is a major global public health issue with a significant increase in prevalence in populations. Here, we provide a deep insight into the frontier hotspot and future direction in the field of drug hypersensitivity. METHODS: A knowledge map is portrayed based on publications related to drug hypersensitivity from Web of Science Core Collection using CiteSpace. Co-occurrence relationships of countries, institutes, authors, journals, references, and keywords are constructed. According to the co-occurrence relationships, hotspots and future trends are overviewed. RESULTS: The United States ranked first in the world and China with the second highest publications was the only developing country. Torres, Mayorga, and Blanca were highly productive authors. Harvard University was the institution with the most research publications. Keywords co-occurrence analysis suggested applications in emerging causes, potential mechanisms, and clinical diagnosis as the research hotspots and development frontiers. CONCLUSION: Research on drug hypersensitivity is in a rapid development stage and an emerging trend in reports of anaphylaxis to polyethylene glycols is identified. Developing algorithms for understanding the standardization process of culprit drugs, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods will be the focus of future direction. In addition, a better understanding of the mechanisms to culprit drugs with immunological precise phenotypic definitions and high-throughput platforms is needed.

[Color stability of ceromer veneers/resin cements after accelerated ageing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the color stability of ceromer veneers/resin cements after accelerated ageing, and to provide the reference for clinical application and choice. METHODS: Fifteen groups of ceromer veneers/resin cements samples, five samples in each group, were prepared as experimental groups.In the fifteen groups, ceromer veneers in three thickness (1.00, 0.75, 0.50 mm) and resin cements of five shades(A1,A3, B 0.5, WO, TR), were matched through permutation and combination. Three groups of ceromer veneers with different thickness (1.00, 0.75, 0.50 mm) were used as control groups. All samples were put into xenon lamp ageing instrument to accelerate ageing.Spectrophotometer were used to measure the lightness(L(*)), red green color(a(*)) and blue yellow color(b(*)) of samples before and after accelerated ageing process, and the change of lightness (ΔL) , red green color (Δa) , blue yellow color (Δb) and color variation(ΔE) were calculated.We investigated the effect of thickness of ceromer veneer and color of resin cement on color variation by using analysis of variance. RESULTS: The thickness factor and color factor showed significant effect on ΔE values, and they have interaction (P < 0.05). The ΔE values of all experimental groups were lower than 3.3. After accelerated ageing, all L(*) values of experimental groups decreased, and ΔL values were lower than 2.0. CONCLUSIONS: The thickness of ceromer veneer and the color of resin cement could both affect the color stability of ceromer veneers/resin cements. The changes of lightness and color in ceromer veneers/resin cements were considered clinically acceptable after accelerated ageing.

Temporomandibular joint dislocation during orotracheal extubation.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation can occur whenever the mouth is opened wide during upper airway manipulation, even without external force. In the perioperative period, the majority of TMJ dislocations occur during anesthetic induction. We report the occurrence and management of bilateral TMJ dislocation upon orotracheal extubation in a 35-year-old woman. At the end of an otherwise unremarkable uterine myomectomy under general anesthesia, with the patient having regained consciousness in the operating room, we asked the patient to open her mouth so we could extubate her. Immediately after orotracheal extubation, however, the patient was found to be unable to close her mouth. The diagnosis of bilateral TMJ dislocation was made. The bilateral TMJ dislocation was reduced with the traditional transoral approach under morphine analgesia/sedation. The dislocation possibly occurred in consequence of her compliance with our request to open her mouth excessively before she was fully awake. As TMJ dislocation is a possible complication of upper airway manipulation, anesthesiologists should be prepared for its occurrence and to manage it competently.

[An in vitro investigation of wear resistance and hardness of three kinds of new composite resins].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate wear resistance and hardness of three kinds of new composite resins. METHODS: Three kinds of new composite resins, Solidex, Spectrum, Filtek Z350, were tested. Enamel as control group. A refited MG-200 wear machine was used in this study. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the friction surface of each tested material. Hardness of each tested material was determined by Vickers indentation technique. The data of wear and hardness were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and 1-way ANOVA. The relationship between the hardness of the composites and the amount of wear of them was determined by a regression analysis method. RESULTS: Filtek Z350 showed the lowest volumetric wear and highest Vickers hardness in the composites (P < 0.05). No significant differences in wear and hardness were observed between Solidex and Spectrum (P > 0.05). Significant relationships were observed between the hardness of the composites and the amount of wear of them (r = 0.968 6) (P < 0.05). Different wear characters of the friction surface of the tested materials were observed by SEM. CONCLUSION: Nanofilled composite was superior to the hybrid composite in wear resistance and hardness.

[Clinical evaluation of two types of fixed partial denture impressions].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinic effects of alginate impression and agar/alginate combined impression. METHODS: 237 patients of fixed partial denture were collected and divided into group A and group B. Group A was taken impression by aglinate impression, including 81 patients (207 abutments). Group B was taken impression by agar/alginate combined impression, include 156 patients (392 abutments). The impressions were observed by megaloscope, and the number of abutment, the types and number of defect were recorded. RESULTS: In the aglinate impressions, 57.0 percent of abutment had some defect. But in the agar/alginate combined impressions, 36.0 percent of abutment had some defect. There were significant difference between group A and group B in the abutment, air bubbles in cervical margin, unsharpness of the gingival sulcus and shoulders (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between group A and group B in the split and defect of the impressions on the cervical margin. CONCLUSION: There were less defects in the agar/alginate combined impression than in the alginate impression.

Bioactive surface modification of mica and poly(dimethylsiloxane) with hydrophobins for protein immobilization.

Bioactive surfaces with appropriate hydrophilicity for protein immobilization can be achieved by hydrophobin II (HFBI) self-assembly on mica and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements illustrated that the surface wettability can be changed from superhydrophobic (PDMS) or superhydrophilic (mica) to moderately hydrophilic, which is suitable for protein (chicken IgG) immobilization on both substrate surfaces. The results suggest that HFBI assembly, one kind of hydrophobin from Trichoderma reesei, may be a versatile and convenient method for the immobilization of biomolecules on diverse substrates, which may have potential applications in biosensors, immunoassays, and microfluidic networks.