Clinical outcomes following a combined vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement using either autogenous tooth roots or autogenous bone blocks.

AIM: To assess and compare the short-term clinical outcomes following a combined vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement using either autogenous tooth roots (TR) or autogenous bone blocks (AB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of n = 27 patients (TR/AB: 13/14) exhibiting n = 31 implants (TR/AB: 14/17) were available for the analysis. Each subject had been allocated to a combined vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using either (1) healthy TR (e.g., retained wisdom teeth), or (2) monocortical AB harvested from the retromolar area (i.e. external oblique line). Clinical parameters (e.g., bleeding on probing, BOP; probing pocket depth, PD; mucosal recession, MR) were recorded after a follow-up period of 16.03 ± 4.3 months following implant placement. RESULTS: The survival rates amounted to 100% in both groups. TR and AB grafted sites were associated with similar changes in mean BOP (8.97 ± 27.73%; 11.90 ± 18.97%), PD (0.53 ± 0.49; 0.47 ± 0.67 mm), and MR (0.03 ± 0.13; 0.0 ± 0.02 mm) values. The incidence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis at the patient level amounted to 15.38% and 0.0% in the TR-, and 28.57% and 7.14% in the AB group. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical procedures were associated with peri-implant tissue health and stability on the short-term.

Odontogenic keratocyst: diagnosis and treatment.

The odontogenic keratocyst is a keratinizing squamous epithelium-lined cyst that occurs in the mandible and maxilla. In 5% to 10% of patients the keratocysts may be a manifestation of the basal cell nevus syndrome. The recurrence rate after surgical therapy for odontogenic keratocysts varies from 10% to 63%.

[Complete occlusion of the capsulorhexis incision by anterior capsule shrinkage]. / Vollständige Okklusion der Kapsulorhexisöffnung durch Vorderkapselschrumpfung.

UNLABELLED: The capsulorhexis technique has become established as procedure of choice for anterior capsular opening in cataract surgery. With the spread of the method even relatively rare complications are gaining in importance. CASE: In a patient with cataract and multifocal chorioretinitis, phacoemulsification with implantation of a one-piece PMMA posterior chamber IOL through a capsulorhexis opening was performed without complications. Within a period of 3 months, shrinking of the anterior capsule led to complete occlusion of the anterior aperture. To our knowledge, no comparably severe finding has been reported. The anterior capsule was successfully opened by by means of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. However, improvement in visual acuity was limited by cystoid macular edema due to the basic condition. CONCLUSION: No relations with other systemic or eye diseases have yet been demonstrated. As another case report describes a similar--though less severe--combination of progressive constriction of the anterior capsule and inflammatory eye disease, the opening of the anterior capsule in such cases should be sufficiently large. If anterior capsular shrinkage has developed, Nd:YAG-laser capsulotomy is a low-risk method of therapy.

[The finishing of the bristle ends in interdental brushes]. / Bearbeitung der Borstenenden bei Interdentalbürsten.

The result of a scanning electron microscopic study of fourteen interdental brushes, available on the German and Swiss market, was that all products have an insufficient finish of bristle ends. Only one brush showed 17.3% of acceptably rounded bristle ends. In addition, the unacceptable rounded bristle ends were classified, corresponding to their variation of form. The results allowed to estimate the degree of damaging potential of the periodontal tissues, using interdental brushes.

[Fluoride release from toothpastes in the newly produced and stored states]. / Fluoridfreisetzung aus Zahnpasten im produktionsfrischen und gelagerten Zustand.

The free ionic concentration of fluoride of 16 toothpastes for adults, of 5 pastes for children, and of one fluoride gel were analysed straight after production and after 4 months of storage. The fresh products containing fluoride as inorganic salt of hydrofluoric acid or as organic fluoride salt contained more than 65% of the manufacturers declaration of ionic fluoride. In the pastes containing sodiummonofluorphosphate the assessed concentration of free fluoride ions was less than 20% of the declaration. After 4 months of storage more than 75% of the ionic fluoride found in the new products could still be detected. The pastes containing sodiummonofluorphosphate, however, showed an increase of the ionic concentration of fluoride.

[Cariogenic carbohydrates in maltodextrins, glucose syrups and maltodextrin-containing infant tea]. / Kariogene Kohlenhydrate in Maltodextrinen, Glukosesirupen und maltodextrinhaltigen Kindertees.

Five maltodextrins and five corn syrups each, seven instant teas containing maltodextrin and one tea produced on a protein-base were analysed for fermentable carbohydrates using enzymatic analyses test combinations and a spectrophotometer. Analysis of the maltodextrins and glucose syrups demonstrated the heterogenicity of this group of substances and also some incompleteness in the declaration of maltose, maltotriose and glucose, sugars typically contained in these products. In standard samples of the instant teas cariogenic sugars were found in concentrations up to 0.7%. As these sugars were not declared in any of the products, the consumer is not able to assess the cariogenic potential of the ingredient maltodextrin. The intake of products containing maltodextrins or corn syrups must lead to an uncontrolled sugar consumption.

[Bristle end rounding on end-tuft, sulcus and orthodontic brushes]. / Borstenabrundung an Bündel-, Sulkus- und Kieferorthopädischen Bürsten.

A scanning electron microscopic study of bristle ends of two end-tuft, two sulcular and one orthodontic brush has shown differences in quality and quantity. One product had only 1.4% "acceptable" bristle ends. With the remaining brushes this part varied between 67.0% and 95.1%. There was no correlation between the bristle end shapes and the brush type.

[Cariogenic carbohydrates in maltodextrin-containing breast milk food substitutes]. / Kariogene Kohlenhydrate in maltodextrinhaltigen Muttermilchersatznahrungen.

Ten infant formulas containing maltodextrin were analysed for fermentable carbohydrates using enzymatic analysis test-combinations and a spectrophotometer. Besides lactose, sucrose and fructose an assessment was made of sugars typically contained in maltodextrin and corn syrup, namely maltose, maltotriose and glucose. Total carbohydrate was up to 10.3 g in 100 ml standard sample. Cariogenic sugars were found in concentrations between 4.0 and 7.3 g/100 ml. Declaration of the different types of carbohydrates, especially of maltodextrin/corn syrup proved to be insufficient in some products and consequently the consumer is not able to understand their cariogenic potential.

[The germ colonization of the oral cavity in small children with the nursing bottle syndrome]. / Keimbesiedelung der Mundhöhle bei Kleinkindern mit Nursing-Bottle-Syndrom.

46 infants, aged 23 to 77 months, presenting with the nursing bottle syndrome, were examined clinically [dmf(t)] and microbiologically. Saliva and carious tooth substance was analysed for the presence of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Candida albicans, using in part commercial tests. For comparative reasons, a group of caries-free children, aged 37 to 77 months, was examined as well. Increased numbers of specific caries bacteria (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) and of Candida albicans were found in saliva and in the carious material of children with diseased teeth. The results confirm that excessive drinking from nursing bottles over a period longer than the first 12 months of life does not only lead to problematic tooth decay and its consequences but also to pathological changes in the entire oral flora. The invasion of candida forces us to reconsider the development of caries in infants.

[Fluoride release in children's toothpastes]. / Fluoridfreisetzung bei Kinderzahnpasten.

Comparative investigations of six toothpastes for children obtainable on the German market were carried out to determine their bioavailable fluoride concentration in vitro and in vivo. Four products contained sodium monofluorophosphate, one sodium fluoride and another amine fluoride. The product containing sodium fluoride had, both in the toothpaste-saliva-mixture in the test-tube as well as in the aquadest-toothpaste-saliva-mixture, derived from the oral cavity the maximum proportion of dissolved fluoride (> 70%). The product containing amine fluoride still had > 45% of free fluoride, the sodium monofluorophosphate products however had 10% or less of free fluoride.

[Extraction of the deciduous anterior teeth and its consequences in children with the nursing bottle syndrome]. / Milchfrontzahnextraktion und ihre Folgen bei Kindern mit Nursing-Bottle-Syndrom.

On eighty children, whose rampant carious and predominant periapical diseased deciduous maxillary incisors had been formerly extracted, the outcomes of the early extraction were inspected in regard to the later development of the permanent teeth and the general state of health. For 68 children gypsum models were analysed, whether the early loss of deciduous incisors had led to deficiency of place in the front of the upper jaw. The early tooth extraction and conservation therapy resulted in a clear improvement of children's physical condition and ameliorated the starting situation of permanent teeth to be preserved healthy. The earlier the milk-incisors had to been extracted the greater was the danger of a belated eruption of the permanent incisors.

[Bristle end rounding and anchoring in children's toothbrushes]. / Borstenabrundung und Besteckung bei Kinderzahnbürsten.

This scanning electron microscopic study of eight toothbrushes for children has shown differences in quality and quantity of the rounding of bristle ends. While four products which were examined for the first time were partially deficient, the preparation of the other toothbrushes had clearly improved in comparison to previous products. Quotas of acceptable end rounding of the bristles varied considerably between 14.3% and 90.2%. Welding of bristle bundles at their base into the head of the toothbrush offers hygienic advantages.

[Bristle anchoring and bristle end-rounding in adults' toothbrushes]. / Borstenverankerung und Borstenabrundung bei Erwachsenenzahnbürsten.

Scanning electron microscopic study of bristle heads of 8 toothbrush brands commercially available in the Federal Republic of Germany and Switzerland has shown qualitative variations in the rounding of bristle ends. The percentage of acceptable end rounding of the bristles was for 4 brands above 75% and for 2 brands 55-56%. For 2 products, the percentage was below 40%. The new method of welding bristle bundles at their base into the head of the toothbrush was used only by one producer.

[Possibilities for the identification of persons by means of the diagnosis of dental diseases and their therapy]. / Möglichkeiten zur Personenidentifizierung anhand des Gebisserkrankungs- und Gebisssanierrungsbefundes.

Person identification depends on an immediate and competent evaluation in order to provide the investigating agencies with relevant information on whether the cause of death was suicide, homicide, murder, or accidental. Based on documented cases of corpse identification, an attempt was made to provide evidence for the importance of a dental evaluation in addition to the general medicolegal evaluation.

[Profession and dental health]. / Beruf und Zahngesundheit.

The German Association for Dentistry project "Epidemiology" studied the dental findings of 2,336 patients over the age of 15 in 15 dental practices in Middle Hesse. Occupation-related evaluation of the DMF-T index and the oral hygiene findings showed that the caries rate was relatively unrelated to the patient's occupation. Differences in the state of oral hygiene however were observed.

[The reasons for the resistance to treatment in childhood. Presentation of the problem based on a 2 1/2-year patient study with 65 treatment-resisting children, aged 3 to 14 years]. / Uber die Ursachen der Behandlungsunwilligkeit im Kindesalter. Problemdarstellung anhand einer zweieinhalbjährigen Patientenstudie mit 65 behandlungsunwilligen Kindern im Alter von 3 bis 14 Jahren

On the basis of the experience gained with 65 children trying to resist dental treatment, the problems causing and influencing this behavior of children having an aversion against the dentist are presented. Apart from factors resulting from specific situations or specific ages, factors were found that are due to parental education, social environment, and serious psychical disturbances of the child.

["Nursing bottle syndrome" in young children. Dental findings, incidence and family environment]. / "Nursing-Bottle-Syndrom" (NBS) bei Kleinkindern. Gebissbefunde, Häufigkeit und familiäre Bedingungen.

436 children affected by the "nursing-bottle-syndrome" visiting the paedodontic-consulting-hour of the "Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde" in Giessen with their parents from 1981 to 1983, were examined for temporary-tooth destruction by caries. In addition, social factors, causing the bad habit of excessive prolonged drinking from nursing-bottles over a time longer than the first 12 months, were found with the help of a questionnaire for the parents. Finally, the knowledge of the patients residences allowed an estimate of the number of children concerned in the Federal Republic of Germany.

[Maturation of residual tissue, left in the jaw after injury]. / Nachreifung im Kiefer verbliebenen Restgewebes nach Trauma

An eight-year old patient was observed for a period of eleven months: after the traumatic loss of a front tooth, the root of which had not fully grown, the maturing of the remnants of the follicle which were probably injured by the avulsion and not yet fully mineralized, was studied. In the histological examination of the enucleated dental hard material, regions of irregular dentin were found.

[Nutritional care and guidance in caries active patients]. / Ernährungsanamnese und Ernährungsberatung beim kariesaktiven Patienten.

Nutritional care and nutritional guidance are an important column of prophylaxis against dental caries and illness of the paradentium. Since these diseases, not neglibly resulting from influences of civilization, occur more and more frequently and on younger patients, suitable strategics for nutrition-anamnesis and nutrition-advice are required. Tooth-healthy nutrition must have the particular priority on already caries-active persons. The author tried to design a conception for the registration of caries-favourable influences, for recognizing special types of caries caused by nutrition and of individual instructions of nutrition.