RESUMO
Chronic obstructive liver disease and secondary hyperlipidemia developed in an immunodeficient boy. Sequential addition of cholestyramine and phenobarbital to his medical regimen, following an initial response to bile drainage, resulted in the disappearance of xanthomas and pruritus, and the restoration of normal serum concentrations of lipids and bile acids. This improvement may result from shifting the bile acid pool from the peripheral blood compartment to the enterohepatic circulation.
Assuntos
Hiperlipidemias/complicações , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Hepatopatias/complicações , Xantomatose/complicações , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Ácido Quenodesoxicólico/metabolismo , Criança , Resina de Colestiramina/farmacologia , Ácidos Cólicos/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/complicações , Masculino , Fenobarbital/farmacologia , Prurido/complicaçõesRESUMO
Novel targeted proapoptotic anticancer drug delivery systems were developed and evaluated. Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) conjugates were used as carriers. Camptothecin (CPT) was used as an anticancer agent-apoptosis inductor. Two types of molecular targets were investigated: (1) an extracellular membrane receptor specific to ovarian cancer and (2) intracellular controlling mechanisms of apoptosis. Synthetic peptides similar to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) peptide were used as a targeting moiety and a suppressor of cellular antiapoptotic defense, respectively. Three different conjugates (CPT-PEG, CPT-PEG-BH3 and CPT-PEG-LHRH) were synthesized and examined in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. Cytotoxicity, expression of genes encoding BCL-2, BCL-XL, SMAC, APAF-1 proteins and caspases 3 and 9, the activity of caspases 3 and 9 and apoptosis induction were studied. Taken together the results indicate much higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity of PEG-CPT conjugates when compared to free CPT. Moreover, the effects of targeted CPT-PEG-BH3 and CPT-PEG-LHRH conjugates were more pronounced than the non-targeted PEG-CPT conjugate. The results confirmed the feasibility of this new two-tier molecular targeting strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camptotecina/administração & dosagem , Camptotecina/farmacologia , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/farmacologia , Aminoácidos/química , Caspases/metabolismo , Primers do DNA , Portadores de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Ovário/metabolismo , Veículos Farmacêuticos , Polietilenoglicóis , Receptores de Superfície Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
With proper maintenance, clean water dental units should provide water that contains few, if any, bacteria. In this evaluation of 24 units, all but one were found to be contaminated. Further investigation revealed a breakdown in the proper disinfection and maintenance of these clean water units. Results of the study and a disinfection protocol are provided.
Assuntos
Equipamentos Odontológicos/normas , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia da Água , Abastecimento de Água/normas , Biofilmes , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Clínicas Odontológicas , Consultórios Odontológicos , Desinfecção/métodos , Desinfecção/normas , HumanosRESUMO
The risk for the most serious oral disease, oral cancer, increases with age as does the prevalence of other oral soft tissue diseases. Tooth loss is not part of normal aging. As more elderly retain their natural dentition, they are at continued risk for tooth-related diseases such as caries and periodontal disease. Preventive dental programs, including an oral exam as part of the physical examination, will be indicated for adults.