Polydopamine/SiO2 Hybrid Structured Superamphiphobic Fabrics with Good Photothermal Behavior.

In recent years, photothermal materials that can convert light into heat energy have attracted extensive attention. In this work, we report a simple and effective approach to construct a self-cleaning photothermal superamphiphobic fabric. Dopamine (DA) can self-polymerize into polydopamine (PDA) and adhere to the surface of cotton fabric as a secondary reaction platform. Then, SiO2 nanoparticles were in situ grown on the PDA@fabric surface by the sol-gel method. The PDA clusters can not only provide good photothermal conversion performance but also be integrated with SiO2 to create micro-nano rough structures. Finally, the surface of SiO2 was modified by the long chain of fluorosilane to decrease the fabric surface energy, resulting in superamphiphobicity. The contact angles of water, ethylene glycol, and pump oil on the modified fabric surface could reach 161.1, 158.1, and 142.2°, respectively, making the fabric resistant to contamination by water, common beverages, and oil. Due to the adhesion of the PDA layer, the strong binding force between the fabric and SiO2 particles enabled the modified fabric to withstand various chemical and mechanical attacks, showing excellent mechanical robustness and harsh environmental stability. More importantly, the surface temperature of the modified fabric could be increased from 19.6 to 37.0 °C, which is close to the human body temperature, under the irradiation of simulated sunlight (I = 15 A, 300 s). The photothermal superamphiphobic fabrics with self-cleaning properties show great promise in the photothermal conversion field.

Oral sulfate solution benefits polyp and adenoma detection during colonoscopy: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Although oral sulfate solution (OSS) has been revealed to be not only safe and efficacious but also noninferior to polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (PEG + ASC), it is unclear whether OSS can ultimately increase the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). We performed this meta-analysis to estimate the effect of OSS on PDR and ADR during colonoscopy. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the comparative effect of OSS versus PEG + ASC on the PDR and ADR during colonoscopy. Cecal intubation time (CIT), cecal intubation rate (CIR), and bowel preparation score were also evaluated. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS: Eight RCTs involving 2059 patients fulfilled the selection criteria. Meta-analysis suggested that OSS significantly increased the PDR (47.34% vs. 40.14%, risk ratio [RR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.24, P = 0.01) and ADR (44.60% vs. 38.14%, RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.33, P = 0.01) during colonoscopy. Subgroup analysis showed that the beneficial effects of OSS on PDR and ADR were consistent among patients with mean age >55 years and with body mass index <25 kg/m2 receiving outpatient colonoscopy, morning colonoscopy, and the 2-L bowel preparation protocol. Meanwhile, patients receiving OSS had a beneficial bowel preparation score. CONCLUSION: Compared with polyethylene glycol-based regimens, the OSS bowel preparation regimen significantly increased the PDR and ADR in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Reduced-dose radiation in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma can improve outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite its effectiveness, the standard course of chemoradiation for the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) results in considerable treatment-related adverse effects. Studies proved that HPV-positive OPC is very sensitive to radiotherapy. Using de-escalation therapy as a new strategy is critical to maintaining positive outcomes while alleviating side effects. However, some studies hold that reduced dose causes insufficient effect on tumor killing. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of survival and adverse reactions in patients with HPV-related OPC by retrospective analysis and evaluated the therapeutic effect of reducing the radiation dose. Methods: Data were double-selected and extracted by searching seven electronic databases, Original studies in all language treated HPV-associated OPC with reduced-dose and standard-dose therapies were included. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and incidence rates of adverse events were obtained by pooling analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio Version 1.1.383 (RStudio, Boston, MA, USA) via the Meta-Analysis R Package (metafor). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and the Cochran Q test. We used Stata (version 15.0) for forest graph. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving a dose range of 66-70 Gy for the standard treatment regimen and <66 Gy for the reduced-dose group. There was no significant difference in the age of the patients in the standard and the reduced treatment groups (60.9±5.9 vs. 58.6±2.4 years). Nine studies were included as standard cohort and thirteen studies were enrolled as reduced-dose cohort. The 2- and 3-year overall survival rates in the reduced-dose group (95.66% and 91.51%, respectively) were superior to those in the standard-dose group (88.36% and 87.46%, respectively). There was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups. A systematic review of articles on dose reduction and the standard dose was also conducted. The most common complication in reduced-dose radiation was oral mucositis (36.4%), followed by decreased white blood cell (WBC) count (30.5%) and dry mouth (29.1%). Conclusions: Reducing the radiation dose in patients with HPV-related OPC substantially alleviates the treatment toxicities and optimizes the quality of life of patients while at the same time maintaining favorable oncologic outcomes.