A comparison of skeletal and dental changes in patients with a Class II relationship treated with clear aligner mandibular advancement and Herbst appliance followed by comprehensive orthodontic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the skeletal and dental changes of patients with a Class II relationship treated with clear aligner mandibular advancement (MA) and Herbst appliances followed by comprehensive orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The participants included 20 patients treated with MA and 20 with the Herbst appliance. Orthodontic records were taken before treatment, after the functional appliance, and completion of phase II treatment. The skeletal and dental changes across the 3-time periods were evaluated using a matched paired t test for each treatment. A 2-sample t test was used to examine the changes across periods between 2 treatment groups (P <0.05). RESULTS: Significant reduction in overjet, overbite, and change in molar relationship were obtained by both appliances with similar skeletal and dental contributions. This was contributed by a forward movement of the mandible and mandibular molars, backward movement of the maxillary molars, and retraction of the maxillary incisors. After phase II treatment, both appliances could maintain the skeletal and dental changes achieved during the advancement phase. Greater change in overbite (2.4 mm vs 1.4 mm), an eruption of maxillary incisors (0.9 mm vs 0.1 mm), and proclination of mandibular incisors were found with the Herbst group (3.9° vs -2.1°). The average total treatment time was similar with the 2 appliances. CONCLUSIONS: Both functional appliances were equally effective in reducing the overjet and overbite and achieving a Class I molar relationship with a similar length of treatment time. The Herbst design lacked control of the mandibular incisor proclination, and clear aligners offered better vertical control and management of the mandibular incisor inclination.

808 nm Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Payload Release from Green Light-Responsive Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts Polymer-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles.

Owing to deep activation in biotissues and enhanced targeting efficiency, developing photoresponsive polymer-upconversion nanoparticles (PP-UCNPs) nanovectors has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade. However, up to date, all developed nanovectors require high-order photon processes to initiate the release of cargos. The photodamage caused by high-power near-infrared laser light may be a critical obstacle to their clinical application. Here, for the first time, by leveraging absorption-emission spectral matching between donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) PP and UCNPs (λex , 808 nm) in the green region (≈530 nm), the designed nanovector is capable of releasing cargos at a low-power 808 nm excitation (0.2 W). Considering the high molar absorptivity, biobenign, and synthetic tunability of DASA, DASA PP can be utilized as an up-and-coming candidate to design and synthesize the next generation of upconversion nanovectors without photodamage.

Follow-up observation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated by maxillomandibular advancement.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the follow-up observation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) procedure with or without genial tubercle advancement (GTA). METHODS: A total of 25 patients (mean age 37.1 ± 17.3 years) were included in the study. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken before treatment; after presurgical orthodontic treatment; immediately after MMA procedure; and follow-up visit. All Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files were analyzed using the Dolphin 3D Imaging software program (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif) to determine the total airway volume (TAV), airway area (AA), and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA). Dolphin 3D voxel-based superimposition was used to determine the amount of skeletal advancement with MMA and changes after surgery. RESULTS: Significant increase in TAV, AA, and MCA was found with MMA treatment (40.6%, 28.8%, and 56.4%, respectively, P <0.0001). Smaller but significant decrease in TAV, AA, and MCA was found during a follow-up visit (20.0%, 9.7%, and 26.8%, respectively, P <0.0001) giving a net increase of TAV, AA and MCA (35.8%, 27.1%, and 45.9%, respectively). No significant differences were found in any of the airway measurements with or without the GTA procedure. The average forward movements of the maxilla, mandible, and chin were 6.6 mm, 8.2 mm, and 11.4 mm, respectively. A relapse of less than 1 mm was found in each of the variables during the follow-up period. No correlation was found between the magnitudes of skeletal advancement and the change in oropharyngeal airway space (OPAS). CONCLUSIONS: Significant increase in OPAS can be expected with MMA surgery with or without GTA procedure in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. A partial loss in OPAS was found during the follow-up visit. The surgical movements were found to be stable, with less than 1 mm of relapse during the follow-up period, which was not clinically significant.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of functionalized chitosan-Pluronic micelles loaded with myricetin on glioblastoma cancer.

This study aimed to develop a novel polymeric carrier based on chitosan-functionalized Pluronic P123/F68 micelles loaded with myricetin (MYR) to improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapy for glioblastoma cancer. Following characterization and assessment of the cellular uptake and antitumor effects of MYR-loaded micelles (MYR-MCs) in vitro, the acute toxicity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) translocation, brain uptake and biodistribution in vivo were assessed. The results demonstrated that MYR-MCs exhibited improved cellular uptake and antitumor activity compared to free MYR in vitro, with a significantly enhanced anticancer effect in vivo following efficient transport across the BBB. However, MYR-MCs did not affect the brain endothelial, barrier function, the liver, heart or kidneys. Furthermore, MYR-MCs altered the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2, BAD and BAX, in mice. In conclusion, MYR-MCs may be considered an effective and promising drug delivery system for glioblastoma treatment.

Characteristics and ecological risks of microplastic pollution in a tropical drinking water source reservoir in Hainan province, China.

Microplastic (<5 mm) pollution has become a pressing environmental concern in recent years. The present study investigated the occurrence characteristics and assessed the ecological risk of microplastics in the surface water and sediment of the Chitian Reservoir, a drinking water source in Hainan province (China). The results indicated that microplastics were detected in the surface water and sediment of the Chitian Reservoir and its surrounding areas. The overall abundance of microplastics in the water was 3.05 ± 1.16 items per L and in the sediment was 0.15 ± 0.06 items per g dry weight, which is relatively low compared to other reservoirs in China. The dominant components of microplastics detected in the Chitian Reservoir were polypropylene (PP), rayon, and polyester. Physical morphology analysis of microplastics showed that fibers with small particle sizes (<1 mm) and white color were the predominant characteristics in both the surface water and sediment. The domestic sewage from surrounding residents and agricultural wastewater may be the primary sources of microplastics in the reservoir. Ecological risk assessment revealed that the overall pollution load index (PLI) in the surface water (0.65) and sediment (0.51) of the Chitian Reservoir and its surrounding area is at a low level. The potential ecological hazards (RI) of microplastics (0.13 to 336.78 in water; 0.23 to 465.93 in sediment) in most sites fall within the scope of level I, but those in a few sites are at level II due to the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This study enriches the data on microplastic pollution in inland reservoir systems, providing fundamental reference information for future ecotoxicological studies and the management of microplastic pollution control.

[Characterization of carbon and oxygen isotopes of plant on climate and plant physiology at the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China]. / é’è—é«˜åŽŸä¸œå—ç¼˜æ¤ç‰©ç¢³æ°§åŒä½ç´ å¯¹æ°”å€™åŠæ¤ç‰©ç”Ÿç†çš„è¡¨å¾.

To investigate the correlation between carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of plant cellulose and climatic factors as well as plant physiological indices on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we examined plant species in eight sampling sites with similar latitudes and different longitudes in this region. Through the characteristics of δ13C and δ18O values, fractionation values (Δ13C and Δ18O) in leaf cellulose, we discussed water use efficiency (WUE) and the environmental factors, the variation of carbon and oxygen isotopes in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with elevation and longitude, and revealed the indication degrees of isotopic signals to different environments and vegetation physiology. By using the semi-quantitative model of carbon and oxygen dual isotopes, we investigated the physiological adaptation mechanisms of plants to varying environmental conditions. The results demonstrated that both Δ13C and Δ18O of cellulose decreased with increasing elevation and longitude, and Δ13C was more influenced by longitude, while Δ18O was more susceptible to elevation variation. Additionally, Δ13C and Δ18O were significantly and positively correlated with temperature (TEM), precipitation (PRE), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and relative humidity (RH). PRE was the dominant meteorological factor driving the variation of Δ13C, while RH was the dominant meteorological factor influencing Δ18O variation. In contrast to Δ13C, WUE showed a stronger correlation with elevation than with longitude, which increased as elevation and longitude increased. According to the carbon-oxygen model, plant stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic capacity (Amax) decreased with increasing precipitation and relative humidity, while the values increased with increasing elevation and longitude. The combined analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopes of organic matters would yield additional environmental and gas exchange information for studies on climate tracing and vegetation physiology studies on the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Complexation of triptycene-derived macrotricyclic polyether with paraquat derivatives, diquat, and a 2,7-diazapyrenium salt: guest-induced conformational changes of the host.

Complexation between a triptycene-derived macrotricyclic polyether containing two dibenzo-[30]-crown-10 cavities and different functionalized paraquat derivatives, diquat, and a 2,7-diazapyrenium salt in both solution and solid state was investigated in detail. It was found that depending on the guests with different terminal functional groups and structures, the macrotricyclic polyether could form 1:1 or 1:2 complexes with the guests in different complexation modes in solution and also in the solid state. Especially, the conformation of the macrotricyclic polyether was efficiently adjusted by the encapsulated guests, which was to some extent similar to substrate-induced fit of enzymes. Moreover, the binding and releasing of the guests in the complexes could be controlled by potassium ions.

Adjusting effects of pyrolytic volatiles interaction in char to upgrade oil by swelling waste nylon-tire.

Waste nylon-tire (WNT) is a typical solid municipal waste, pyrolysis efficiently disposes WNT to produce oil containing high-value chemicals. Upgrading the quality of oil is the key to improve WNT pyrolysis economy. Herein, swelling was applied to pretreat WNT, and swelled waste nylon-tire (SWNT) was pyrolyzed at different temperatures (400 °C-600 °C). Lower than 500 °C, swelling pretreatment realized the number of compounds in oil by GC-MS decreased 59.57% at 400 °C (60.78% at 450 °C, 67.97% at 500 °C) compared to Waste nylon-tire pyrolytic oil (TPO). Over 500 °C, this phenomenon weakened, decreased 47.67% at 550 °C (11.48% at 600 °C). At 400 °C and 450 °C, long chain methyl esters yield was over 30 A.% instead of short chain alkanes in TPO. D-limonene yield was over 20 A.% in oil of swelled waste nylon-tire (STPO). From 500 °C to 600 °C, swelling pretreatment affected the relative content of BTX and PAHs. At 500 °C and 550 °C, the relative content of BTX in STPO was more than twice of TPO, and BTX reached 28.75 A.% at 600 °C. PAHs in STPO appeared at 500 °C higher than TPO (450 °C), and PAHs was 0.73 A.% at 500 °C. Swelling pretreatment could produce more larger pores in particle during pyrolysis, which sharply inhibited the interaction of volatiles inside tire, so the number of compounds in oil sharply decreased at lower temperatures. Over 550 °C, temperature became the dominant role for generating oil, and components tended to be similar for STPO and TPO. CS2 with high-volatility released quickly from WNT during pyrolysis, it could be recycled to reduce final cost and environment impacts.

Rhizocompartmental microbiomes of arrow bamboo (Fargesia nitida) and their relation to soil properties in Subalpine Coniferous Forests.

Arrow bamboo (Fargesia nitida) is a pioneer plant in secondary forest succession in the Sichuan Province mountains. To comprehensively investigate the microbial communities and their functional variations in different rhizocompartments (root endosphere, rhizosphere, and root zone) of arrow bamboo (Fargesia nitida), a high-throughput metagenomic study was conducted in the present study. The results showed that the abundances of the dominant bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the bamboo root endosphere were significantly lower than those in the rhizosphere and root zones. In contrast, the dominant fungal phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, showed the opposite tendency. Lower microbial diversity, different taxonomic composition and functional profiles, and a greater abundance of genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifB), cellulose degradation (beta-glucosidase), and cellobiose transport (cellulose 1, 4-beta-cellobiosidase) were found in the bamboo root endosphere than in the other rhizocompartments. Greater soil total carbon, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, microbial biomass carbon, and greater activities of invertase and urease were found in the bamboo root zone than in the adjacent soil (spruce root zone). In contrast, the soil microbial community and functional profiles were similar. At the phylum level, invertase was significantly related to 31 microbial taxa, and the effect of NH4+-N on the microbial community composition was greater than that of NO3--N. The soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were significantly correlated with microbial function. These results indicate that the root endosphere microbiomes of arrow bamboo were strongly selected by the host plant, which caused changes in the soil nutrient properties in the subalpine coniferous forest.

Interaction of the lignin-/cellulose-derived char with volatiles of varied origin: Part of the process for evolution of products in pyrolysis.

The interaction between volatiles and homologous and/or heterologous char is almost inevitable during the transfer or diffusion of volatiles from inner core to outer surface of a biomass particle in pyrolysis. This shapes both composition of volatiles (bio-oil) and property of char. In this study, the potential interaction of lignin- and cellulose-derived volatiles with char of varied origin was investigated at 500 °C. The results indicated that both the lignin- and cellulose-char promoted polymerization of the lignin-derived phenolics, enhancing production of bio-oil by ca. 20%-30%, generating more heavy tar but suppressing gases formation, especially over cellulose-char. Conversely, the char catalysts, especially the heterologous lignin-char, promoted cracking of the cellulose-derivatives, producing more gases while less bio-oil and heavy organics. Additionally, the volatiles-char interaction also led to gasification of some organics and also aromatization of some organics on surface of char, resulting in enhanced crystallinity and thermostability of the used char catalyst, especially for the lignin-char. Moreover, the substance exchange and formation of carbon deposit also blocked pores and formed fragmented surface dotted with particulate matters in the used char catalysts.

Anti-smudge and self-cleaning characteristics of waterborne polyurethane coating and its construction.

A novel anti-smudge coating, based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) was constructed. Specifically, hydroxyl capped WPU emulsions grafted with PDMS (WPU-g-PDMSX) were prepared firstly, then the Hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) was used as the crosslinking agent to block the polar hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and the carboxyl groups in WPU-g-PDMSX and increase the cross-linking density of the coating. Oily markers, water, hexadecane, fingerprint liquid, and common liquids in life (milk, coffee, ink and cooking oil) were utilized to demonstrate the anti-graffiti and self-cleaning characteristics of coatings. Aside from having great transparency and exceptional resistance to liquid corrosion, the coating still retains its anti-smudge capabilities even when bent or impacted, and they also exhibit 5B adhesion and 5H pencil hardness. This work provides novel idea and strategy for the preparation of WPU anti-smudge coatings.

A zwitterionic silver nanoparticle-incorporating injectable hydrogel with a durable and efficient antibacterial effect for accelerated wound healing.

Antibacterial wound dressing is essential for inflammation control and accelerated wound healing. This study investigates polyzwitterion-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with enhanced antibacterial performance in an injectable wound dressing hydrogel. A mussel-inspired poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate-co-dopamine methacrylamide) (PSBDA) copolymer consisting of sulfobetaine and catechol moieties is developed and used in the stabilizing strategy for a facile one-step synthesis of AgNPs. The catechol moieties in PSBDA reduce AgNO3 in an alkaline solution and anchor PSBDA onto the surface of AgNPs. The zwitterionic AgNPs exhibit a uniform size profile and significantly improved stability, which are critical for maintaining antibacterial efficiency in a physiological environment. An injectable wound dressing hydrogel is developed by incorporating zwitterionic AgNPs into the mixed precursors of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The hydrogel precursors exhibit good injectability and rapidly respond to UV-induced in situ gelation. The zwitterionic AgNP-incorporating hydrogel demonstrates significantly improved antibacterial efficiency compared to the non-zwitterionic counterpart both in vitro and in vivo. The zwitterionic modification also provides enhanced hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. The as-developed hydrogel dressing facilitates the resolution of inflammation and results in a rapid re-epithelization for the accelerated wound healing process in a rat full-thickness wound model.

[Comparison of the effects of removable dentures made by 3D printing and traditional casting methods on patients' subjective feelings].

PURPOSE: To compare the different effects of removable dentures made by 3D printing and traditional casting methods on patients' subjective feelings. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with dentition defects of Ken's Class Ⅰ and Subclass Ⅱ were selected from the Department of Prosthodontics. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, with removable dentures made by using 3D printing and plaster casting method, respectively. The patients were asked to re-visit 1 week after wearing the dentures to observe and record intraoral mucosal tenderness points. At the same time, mastication efficiency was measured by absorbance method. The patients were followed up for 2 months after wearing dentures, and questionnaires were issued to them to investigate subjective feelings and satisfaction. The subjective feelings of patients included masticatory ability, retention effect, convenience, comfort, speech function and facial appearance. Satisfaction evaluation included three aspects: treatment duration, cost and final outcome. Each aspect of evaluation used a 5-point system, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 5. The higher the score, the better the patient's subjective feelings or the higher the satisfaction. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: The tender points in 3D printing group was less than the plaster casting group, while the chewing efficiency of 3D printing group was higher than the plaster casting group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The difference of subjective feeling and satisfaction was also significant between the two groups(P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 3D printing to make removable denture has certain advantages in improving the accuracy of removable denture and the comfort of patients.

Expanding the Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum of Neuromuscular Diseases Caused by DYNC1H1 Mutations.

Objectives: Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 1 (SMALED1) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseasetype 2O (CMT2O) are two kinds of hereditary neuromuscular diseases caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. In this study, we reported two patients with SMALED1 caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. The genotype-phenotype correlations were further analyzed by systematically reviewing previous relevant publications. Materials and Methods: Two patients' with SMALED1 and their parents' clinical data were collected, and detailed clinical examinations were performed. WES was then applied, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched, and all publications that met the inclusion criteria were carefully screened. Any individual patient without a detailed description of clinical phenotypes was excluded. Results: The two patients manifested delayed motor milestones and muscle wasting of both lower extremities. The diagnosis was further confirmed as SMALED1. Genetic testing revealed heterozygous DYNC1H1 mutations c.1792C>T and c.790C>G; the latter is a novel dominant mutation. Genotype-phenotype analysis of DYNC1H1 variants and neuromuscular diseases revealed that mutations in the DYN1 region of DYNC1H1 protein were associated with a more severe phenotype, more complicated symptoms, and more CNS involvement than the DHC_N1 region. Conclusion: Our study potentially expanded the knowledge of the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of neuromuscular diseases caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. The genotype-phenotype correlation may reflect the pathogenesis underlying the dyneinopathy caused by DYNC1H1 mutations.

Janus and Heteromodulus Elastomeric Fiber Mats Feature Regulable Stress Redistribution for Boosted Strain Sensing Performance.

Wearable strain sensors have huge potential for applications in healthcare, human-machine interfacing, and augmented reality systems. However, the nonlinear response of the resistance signal to strain has caused considerable difficulty and complexity in data processing and signal transformation, thus impeding their practical applications severely. Herein, we propose a simple way to achieve linear and reproducible resistive signals responding to strain in a relatively wide strain range for flexible strain sensors, which is achieved via the fabrication of Janus and heteromodulus elastomeric fiber mats with micropatterns using microimprinting second processing technology. In detail, both isotropic and anisotropic fiber mats can turn into Janus fiber mats with periodical and heteromodulus micropatterns via controlling the fiber fusion and the diffusion of local macromolecular chains of thermoplastic elastomers. The Janus heterogeneous microstructure allows for stress redistribution upon stretching, thus leading to lower strain hysteresis and improved linearity of resistive signal. Moreover, tunable sensing performance can be achieved by tailoring the size of the micropatterns on the fiber mat surface and the fiber anisotropy. The Janus mat strain sensors with high signal linearity and good reproducibility have a very low strain detection limit, enabling potential applications in human-machine interfacing and intelligent control fields if combined with a wireless communication module.

Skin-inspired nanofibrillated cellulose-reinforced hydrogels with high mechanical strength, long-term antibacterial, and self-recovery ability for wearable strain/pressure sensors.

The advent of electric skins (E-skin) with tactile sensation, flexibility, and human affinity characteristics have attracted considerable attention in extensive research fields, including intelligent robots and health monitoring, etc. To improve the intrinsic brittleness of hydrogels, a multifunctional E-skin was fabricated involving a TEMPO-NFC and a covalently cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as long-term antibacterial agent and conductive fillers were coated onto NFC nanofibers. Subsequently, this nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of AM monomers with PNAg fibers as interpenetrating fibers network. Importantly with NFC present, the nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited superior mechanical performance and excellent self-recovery ability. The obtained sensor with excellent mechanical stability and sensing performance could detect mechanotransduction signal of human movements. This work provides a practicable method to prepare high antibacterial efficiency, excellent mechanical performance, and dual-modal nanocellulose-based hydrogel sensor for the broad-range application in human-motion detection and intelligence skins.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure and cellulose: Influence of mutual interaction of intermediates on properties of the products.

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of livestock manure and biomass might improve the fuel properties of the hydrochar due to the high reactivity of the biomass-derived intermediates with the abundant oxygen-containing functionalities. However, the complicated compositions make it difficult to explicit the specific roles of the individual components of biomass played in the co-HTC process. In this study, cellulose was used for co-HTC with swine manure to investigate the influence on the properties of the hydrochar. The yield of hydrochar obtained from co-HTC reduced gradually with the cellulose proportion increased, and the solid yield was lower than the theoretical value. This was because the cellulose-derived intermediates favored the stability of the fragments from hydrolysis of swine manure. The increased temperature resulted in the reduction of the hydrochar yield whereas the prolonged time enhanced the formation of solid product. The interaction of the co-HTC intermediates facilitated the formation of O-containing species, thus making the solid more oxygen- and hydrogen-rich with a higher volatility. In addition, the co-HTC affected the evolution of functionalities like -OH and CO during the thermal treatment of the hydrochar and altered its morphology by stuffing the pores from swine manure-derived solid with the microspheres from HTC of cellulose. The interaction of the varied intermediates also impacted the formation of amines, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, aromatics and the polymeric products in distinct ways.

[An evaluation of fiber reinforced composites veneer in anterior esthetic restoration].

PURPOSE: To explore the advantages of fiber reinforced composites veneer in repairing discolorated and defective anterior teeth. METHODS: Twenty porcelain veneers and 20 fiber reinforced composites veneers specimens of 2 cm long, 2 cm wide and 1 mm in thickness, with a longitudinal cross section of 45° incline were made. Another 40 fiber reinforced composites specimens of the same shape were used for comparison. After polishing and acid treatment of all the specimens according to clinical routine, resin cement was used for bonding the porcelain cover with resin veneers slope, and the conjunct specimens were soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 24 h and drying; then the two groups of specimens were put were put on the pressure testing platform of the universal testing machine, with 1 mm/min testing pressure, and 1 cm2 square head was contacted on the surface of the bonding interface. Computer was used to record the fracture process of the two groups of specimens and the maximum compressive strength of bonding interface automatically. The compressive strength of the bonding interface under the same conditions was evaluated. SPSS 12.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The compressive strength of the bonding interface between fiber reinforced composites was significantly higher than that between porcelain and fiber reinforced composites(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with porcelain veneers that can not be repaired when damaged in the anterior teeth, high-strength fiber resin veneers can partially be repaired with the same material, which has obvious advantages.

Designing of bacterial cellulose-based superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane for oil/water separation.

The oil/water (o/w) separation is a global challenge because of the increasing water contamination by oil spill accidents, and oil-containing wastewater produced by food, textile, and petrochemical industries. In this study, we have developed bacterial cellulose (BC) based superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic (SUS) membrane for o/w separation. The membrane was designed through a facile method by blending BC nanofibers with silica microparticles (SiO2-MPs), which was further modified by bio-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coatings. The composite membrane exhibited SiO2-MPs dependent o/w separation with a high separation efficiency of >99.9 % and a high flux rate of ∼10,660 Lm-2 h-1 while applying a small negative pressure (0.3-0.5 bar). The membrane with different content of SiO2-MPs also showed the potential to separate oil-in-water emulsion with the highest oil rejection of 98.2 % and the highest flux rate of ∼1250 Lm-2 h-1 on an ultra-low pressure <0.1 bar. Moreover, the membrane showed antifouling properties, recyclability, and stability in harsh conditions.

[A finite element study of the influence of upper lip pressure on the development of maxilla after cleft lip surgery].

PURPOSE: To explore the mechanism of upper lip pressure on maxilla after cleft lip surgery. METHODS: ANSYS 17.0 software was used to add the upper lip soft tissue to the finite element model of maxilla with cleft palate, and the material properties was assigned to form a three-dimensional finite element model of maxilla with upper lip. The upper lip pressure was applied to the model and force analysis was performed in 2 groups. In the experimental group, upper lip pressure with cleft lip surgery was applied; in the control group, upper lip pressure in normal children of the same age was applied. RESULTS: Maxillary deformation in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group. Maxillary deformation occurred in three-dimensional direction, which was mainly in Z axis, followed by X axis and Y axis. The anterior segment of alveolar process was the most obvious，and from the anterior to the posterior, the change trend was gradually decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary growth is inhibited in three-dimensional direction,which is mainly sagittal growth inhibition,followed by transverse and vertical growth. The inhibition gradually decreases from anterior to posterior.