Combined endoscope and low-temperature plasma knife for bilateral nasal vestibular cyst with sinus tract formation.

BACKGROUND: Nasal vestibular cyst is a non-dental cystic mass that occurs under the skin at the base of the nasal vestibule. The primary treatment is a transnasal endoscopic excision of the cyst wall at the base of the nose to open the cyst wall at the base of the nasal cavity, namely, marsupialization. METHODS: We present a patient with bilateral nasal vestibular cysts with sinus tract formation. This patient underwent marsupialization under general anesthesia because of the presence of facial swelling and other symptoms. RESULTS: After a 4-year follow-up, our studied case show a significantly improved radiological outcome and clinical prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to unilateral lesions, bilateral nasal vestibular cysts are more likely to be underdiagnosed due to the deceptive nature of the bilateral anatomy observed from the radiological findings. With this rare clinical case reported in this study, we hope our experience in diagnosis and treatment will provide a reference for otolaryngologist surgeons managing similar patients.

Determination of 44 major components and chemical profiling of saccharide in Chinese medicinal formula Lanqin Oral Liquid.

INTRODUCTION: Lanqin Oral Liquid (LQL) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation (TCMP) containing five herbal medicines and has been commonly used for the treatment of pharyngitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease in clinic. The material basis of LQL has been reported in our previous study, but the contents of the major components and the features of saccharide in LQL are still unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish accurate and rapid methods for the quantification of the major components and profiling of saccharide in LQL. The quantitative results combined with similarity evaluation were applied to improve the quality control of LQL. METHODOLOGY: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS) method was utilised to determine 44 major components. Cosine similarity was used to evaluate the similarities among 20 batches of LQL based on the quantitative results of 44 major components. The physicochemical properties, structure, composition, and contents of saccharide in LQL were detected by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis. RESULTS: A total of 44 compounds, including flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, and nucleosides, were accurately determined. The 20 batches of LQL were remarkably similar (> 0.95). In addition, d-glucose, galactose, d-glucuronic acid, arabinose, and d-mannose were detected in saccharide of LQL. The contents of saccharide in LQL were 13.52-21.09 mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The established methods can be applied for the comprehensive quality control of LQL, including characterisation of saccharide and quantification of representative components. Our study will provide a robust chemical foundation for disclosing the quality markers of its therapeutic effect.

ß-Cyclodextrin Polymer-Based Fluorescence Enhancement Strategy via Host-Guest Interaction for Sensitive Assay of SARS-CoV-2.

Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is an appropriate target for early determination of viral antigen-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We have found that ß-cyclodextrin polymer (ß-CDP) has shown a significant fluorescence enhancement effect for fluorophore pyrene via host-guest interaction. Herein, we developed a sensitive and selective N protein-sensing method that combined the host-guest interaction fluorescence enhancement strategy with high recognition of aptamer. The DNA aptamer of N protein modified with pyrene at its 3' terminal was designed as the sensing probe. The added exonuclease I (Exo I) could digest the probe, and the obtained free pyrene as a guest could easily enter into the hydrophobic cavity of host ß-CDP, thus inducing outstanding luminescent enhancement. While in the presence of N protein, the probe could combine with it to form a complex owing to the high affinity between the aptamer and the target, which prevented the digestion of Exo I. The steric hindrance of the complex prevented pyrene from entering the cavity of ß-CDP, resulting in a tiny fluorescence change. N protein has been selectively analyzed with a low detection limit (11.27 nM) through the detection of the fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the sensing of spiked N protein from human serum and throat swabs samples of three volunteers has been achieved. These results indicated that our proposed method has broad application prospects for early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019.

H3TPAN-Triazole-Bn-NH2: Tripicolinate Clicked-Bifunctional Chelate for [225Ac]/[111In] Theranostics.

A new, high-denticity, bifunctional ligand─H3TPAN-triazole-Bn-NH2─has been synthesized and studied in complexation with [225Ac]Ac3+ and [111In]In3+ for radiopharmaceutical applications. The bifunctional chelator is readily synthesized, using a high-yielding four-step prep, which is highly adaptable and allows for straightforward incorporation of different covalent linkers using CuI-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (click) chemistry. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of H3TPAN-triazole-Bn-NH2 with La3+ and In3+ metal ions show the formation of a single, asymmetric complex with each ion in solution, corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Radiolabeling studies with [225Ac]Ac3+ and [111In]In3+ showed highly effective complexation, achieving quantitative radiochemical conversions at low ligand concentrations (<10-6 M) under mild conditions (RT, 10 min), which is further accompanied by high stability in human serum. The bioconjugate─H3TPAN-triazole-Bn-Aoc-Pip-Nle-CycMSHhex─was prepared for targeting of MC1R-positive tumors, and the corresponding 111In-radiolabeled tracer was studied in vivo. SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies in C57BL/6J mice bearing B16-F10 tumors were performed, with the radiotracer showing good in vivo stability; tumor uptake was achieved. This work highlights a new promising and versatile bifunctional chelator, easily prepared and encouraging for 225Ac/111In theranostics.

H4picoopa─Robust Chelate for 225Ac/111In Theranostics.

The nuclear decay characteristics of 225Ac (Eα = 5-8 MeV, linear energy transfer (LET) = ∼100 keV/µm, t1/2 = 9.92 days) are well recognized as advantageous for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors; however, suitable chelation systems are required, which can accommodate this radiometal. Since 225Ac does not possess any suitable low-energy, high abundance γ-ray emissions for nuclear imaging, there is a clear need for the development of other companion radionuclides with similar coordination characteristics and comparable half-lives, which can be applied in diagnostics. H4picoopa was designed and executed as a high-denticity ligand for chelation of [225Ac]Ac3+, and the complexation characteristics have been explored through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, solution thermodynamic stability studies, and radiolabeling. The ligand shows highly favorable complexation with La3+ (pM = 17.6), Lu3+ (pM = 21.3), and In3+ (pM = 31.2) and demonstrates effective radiolabeling of both [225Ac]Ac3+ and [111In]In3+ ions achieving quantitative radiochemical conversions (RCCs) under mild conditions (RT, 10 min), accompanied by high serum stability (>97% radiochemical purity (RCP) over 6 days). A bifunctional analogue of H4picoopa was synthesized and conjugated to the Pip-Nle-CycMSHhex peptide for targeting of MC1R positive melanoma tumors. In vivo single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and biodistribution studies of the 111In-radiolabeled bioconjugate in mice bearing B16-F10 tumors showed good radiotracer stability, although improved tumor targeting could not be achieved for imaging purposes. This work highlights H4picoopa as a very promising platform for application of [225Ac]Ac3+ and [111In]In3+ as a theranostic pair and allows great versatility for the incorporation of other directing vectors. The logical synthetic approach reported here for bifunctional H4picoopa, involving an azide-functionalized covalent linker and CuI-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, allows for ease of optimization of bioconjugate pharmacokinetics and will be valuable for further radiopharmaceutical applications moving forward.

Study on the Flammability, Crystal Behaviors and Mechanical Performance of Polyamide 11 Composites by Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides.

Sulfamic acid-intercalated MgAl-LDH (SA-LDH) was prepared by an anion exchange method, and its structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SA-LDH was introduced into polyamide 11 (PA11) by melt blending and to enhance the flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD data showed that the lamellar structure of SA-LDH was partly disrupted. The cone calorimeter (CCT) results demonstrated that SA-LDH could effectively decrease the value of heat release rate, which may be ascribed to the better distribution of SA-LDH compared to LHD in the PA11 matrix. The effects of SA-LDH on the crystal behaviors of PA11 were investigated by XRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), indicating that SA-LDH could induce the formation of new crystal forms and served as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. The mechanical progress caused by the incorporation of SA-LDH was correlated with compatibility improvement between SA-LDH and PA11.

Dynamic Mechanics-Modulated Hydrogels to Regulate the Differentiation of Stem-Cell Spheroids in Soft Microniches and Modeling of the Nonlinear Behavior.

Although mechanisms of how physical forces convert into biochemical signals are increasingly understood, it is still unknown how soft cues guide cell behavior. Herein, it is shown that the commitment and differentiation of encapsulating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids in thermosensitive 3D hydrogels are simply altered by interpenetrating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (NIPAM-HEMA) nanogel to a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) network. This cell-laden hydrogel provides dynamic mechanics with covalent crosslinking coordinated reversible physical networks, which can regulate hMSCs in situ by reversibly stiffening soft niches via multicyclic temperature changes from 25 to 37 °C. The spreading of hMSC spheroids in the hydrogel is strongly dependent on myosin-dependent traction stress with dynamic mechanical stimuli through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Notably, the dynamic microenvironment gradually influences the expression and distribution from the basal to apical side of nuclear lamin A/C and increases the Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization with cycles, which ultimately favors hMSCs undergoing osteogenesis (but not adipogenesis) in the soft microniche. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the viscoelastic behavior of the soft microniche can be guided by temperature through a nonlinear model. These findings highlight the central roles of the dynamic relationship between the biomechanical signals and mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators in cellular mechanosensing.

SCO2 mutations cause early-onset axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with cellular copper deficiency.

Recessive mutations in the mitochondrial copper-binding protein SCO2, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly protein, have been reported in several cases with fatal infantile cardioencephalomyopathy with COX deficiency. Significantly expanding the known phenotypic spectrum, we identified compound heterozygous variants in SCO2 in two unrelated patients with axonal polyneuropathy, also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4. Different from previously described cases, our patients developed predominantly motor neuropathy, they survived infancy, and they have not yet developed the cardiomyopathy that causes death in early infancy in reported patients. Both of our patients harbour missense mutations near the conserved copper-binding motif (CXXXC), including the common pathogenic variant E140K and a novel change D135G. In addition, each patient carries a second mutation located at the same loop region, resulting in compound heterozygote changes E140K/P169T and D135G/R171Q. Patient fibroblasts showed reduced levels of SCO2, decreased copper levels and COX deficiency. Given that another Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease gene, ATP7A, is a known copper transporter, our findings further underline the relevance of copper metabolism in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Antimicrobial Nanoparticles Incorporated in Edible Coatings and Films for the Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables.

Edible coatings and films (ECF) are employed as matrixes for incorporating antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs), and then they are applied on the fruits and vegetables to prolong shelf life and enhance storage quality. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the preparation, antimicrobial properties and mechanisms, surface and physical qualities of ECF containing antimicrobial NPs, and its efficient application to vegetables and fruits as well. Following an introduction on the properties of the main edible coating materials, the preparation technologies of ECF with NPs are summarized. The antimicrobial activity of ECF with NPs against the tested microorganism was observed by many researchers. This might be mainly due to the electrostatic interaction between the cationic polymer or free metal ions and the charged cell membrane, the photocatalytic reaction of NPs, the detachment of free metal ion, and partly due to the antimicrobial activity of edible materials. Moreover, their physical, mechanical and releasing properties are discussed in detail, which might be influenced by the concentration of NPs. The preservation potential on the quality of fruits and vegetables indicates that various ECF with NPs might be used as the ideal materials for food application. Following the introduction on these characteristics, an attempt is made to predict future trends in this field.

Effect of Choukroun Platelet-Rich Fibrin Combined With Autologous Micro-Morselized Bone on the Repair of Mandibular Defects in Rabbits.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Choukroun platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) combined with autologous micro-morselized bone on the repair of mandibular defects in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected for the present study. After models of mandibular defects were established, rabbits were randomly divided into Choukroun PRF, autologous micro-morselized bone (autologous), Choukroun PRF combined with autologous bone (combined) and model groups. After the rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, their bone formation was assessed by x-ray and scanning electron microscopy, and the histologic changes of the mandibular defect area were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to observe the size of the change of the mandibular defect area. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The bone defect in the combined group showed better repair, increased bone mineral content, and denser callus than the other groups, and the defect area was filled with mature trabecular bone. In the Choukroun PRF and autologous groups, the defect area was smaller and filled with osteoporotic trabecular bone. A clear mandibular defect area was still observed in the model group. Compared with the other groups, the combined group showed more bone regeneration, more fibrous tissue regeneration, and greater bone maturity at all time points. The combined group had the highest BMD, there was no relevant difference in BMD between the Choukroun PRF and autologous groups, and the model group had the lowest BMD. BMD in all 4 groups increased with time. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Choukroun PRF combined with autologous micro-morselized bone can substantially improve the repair of mandibular defects in rabbits, and the effect is superior to Choukroun PRF or autologous micro-morselized bone alone.

Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyetheretherketone-Coated, Sandblasted, Large-Grit, and Acid-Etched Implants on Inflammatory Cytokines and Osseointegration in a Peri-Implantitis Model in Beagle Dogs.

BACKGROUND This study explored the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyetheretherketone (n-HA/PEEK)- coated sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) implants on inflammatory cytokines and osseointegration in peri-implantitis model beagle dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peri-implantitis models were established. Eight beagle dogs were randomly and evenly assigned into SLA tied, SLA + n-HA/PEEK tied, SLA untied, or SLA + n-HA/PEEK untied groups. A special periodontal probe was used to detect the plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), and modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI). Gingival crevicular fluid was collected and an ELISA kit was utilized to detect IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 levels. The colony-forming units were counted and the maximum shear strength of implants was tested using the axial pullout test. HE staining was used to detect the inflammation of peri-implant bone tissues. Osseointegration was observed through toluidine blue staining. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was obtained through histological observation and the mineral apposition rate (MAR) was calculated after immune fluorescent double staining. RESULTS The SLA tied group demonstrated higher levels of PLI, PD, mSBI, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 and a higher degree of inflammation than the SLA + n-HA/PEEK tied group. The tied groups also displayed similar results over the untied groups at the same time point. The maximum shear strength, BIC, and MAR in the SLA tied group were significantly lower than in the SLA + n-HA/PEEK tied group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that SLA + n-HA/PEEK implants can promote osseointegration and relieve the inflammation response of peri-implantitis in beagle dogs.

Efficient separation of tanshinones by polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized graphene-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

In this work, a PVP-stabilized graphene was used in MEKC for the separation of tanshinones. Seven structurally similar tanshinones were studied, that is, tanshinone IIB, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, 1,2-dihydrotanshinone I, miltirone, and tanshinone IIA. To achieve optimal conditions, graphene concentration, sample solvent composition, SDS concentration, 2-propanolconcentration, and buffer pH were investigated. At a separation voltage of 30 kV and a 41.5 cm effective length fused-silica capillary, good resolution within 12 min was performed using 10 mM borate buffer (pH 9.3) containing 30 mM SDS, 10% v/v 2-propanol and 6 µg/mL graphene. The method was validated in terms of linearity (r(2) > 0.9970), intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.56 and 4.83%, respectively. The proposed method was then successfully applied to Danshentong capsule, an herbal preparation from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our results indicated the high separation efficiency of PVP-stabilized graphene provided new opportunities for the analysis of complex samples.

Synthesis of a temperature-sensitive matrine-imprinted polymer and its potential application for the selective extraction of matrine from radix Sophorae tonkinensis.

A temperature-sensitive matrine-imprinted polymer was prepared in chloroform by free-radical cross-linking copolymerization of methacrylic acid at 60 °C in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, N-isopropyl acrylamide as the temperature-responsive monomer and matrine as the template molecule. Binding experiments and Scatchard analyses revealed that two classes of binding sites were formed on molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) at 50 °C. Additionally, the thermoresponsive MIP was tested for its application as a sorbent material for the selective separation of matrine from Chinese medicinal plant radix Sophorae tonkinensis. It was shown that the thermoresponsive MIP displayed different efficiency in clean-up and enrichments using the SPE protocol at different temperatures.

Pyruvate kinase M2 activators promote tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis.

Cancer cells engage in a metabolic program to enhance biosynthesis and support cell proliferation. The regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) influence altered glucose metabolism in cancer. The interaction of PKM2 with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins inhibits enzyme activity and increases the availability of glycolytic metabolites to support cell proliferation. This suggests that high pyruvate kinase activity may suppress tumor growth. We show that expression of PKM1, the pyruvate kinase isoform with high constitutive activity, or exposure to published small-molecule PKM2 activators inhibits the growth of xenograft tumors. Structural studies reveal that small-molecule activators bind PKM2 at the subunit interaction interface, a site that is distinct from that of the endogenous activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). However, unlike FBP, binding of activators to PKM2 promotes a constitutively active enzyme state that is resistant to inhibition by tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. These data support the notion that small-molecule activation of PKM2 can interfere with anabolic metabolism.

Highly flame retardancy, barrier, mechanical and persistent antibacterial polylactic acid film with high-parallel interconnected thousand layered cake architecture.

In this work, a bio-based material (CGP) is obtained by combing chitosan, gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol through a simple solution mixing to simultaneously address polylactic acid film (PLA)' flammability and poor barrier, toughness and antibacterial properties by soaking. The results of open fire testing show that modified PLA films can effectively prolong the combustion time, improve the thermal stability and reduce the release of heat in the cone calorimeter test. For the PLA sample after soaking for 5 times (PLA-5) in particular, it can reduce the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) values to 85.8 kW/m2 and 1.3 MJ/m2 from the values of 129.5 kW/m2 and 1.8 MJ/m2 for PLA, respectively. Structural analysis suggests that CGP primarily operates in the condensed phase by forming physical barriers. Meanwhile, the modified PLA films can exhibit superior barrier effects, which indicate the oxygen transmission rate value of PLA-5 decreases to 0.9 cm3/(m2·day) from the 392.5 cm3/(m2·day) of raw PLA film. Moreover, the PLA-5 also have excellent toughness (the value increased to 200.5 % from 31.0 %) and persistent antibacterial effects (it still has 100 % sterilization after 500 days).

Anatomical factors influencing temporomandibular joint clicking in young adults: temporomandibular joint structure disorder or lateral pterygoid muscle dysfunction?

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the selected anatomical factors that can potentially influence temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking in young adults by assessing TMJ structures and lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) function using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The patients were divided into four groups: the healthy control group; the clicking on mouth opening group; the clicking on mouth closing group; and the clicking on mouth opening and closing group. Additionally, we used clinical palpation to evaluate the masticatory muscles' functional state and employed MRI using the OCOR-T1WI-FSE-CLOSED, OSAG-PDW-FSE-CLOSED, and OSAG-PDW-FSE-OPEN sequences to analyze the texture of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM). Results: The proportion of any articular disc or condylar morphology class did not differ significantly between the TMJ clicking and HC groups. The articular disc position did not differ significantly between the TMJ clicking and HC groups. In the TMJ clicking group, the presence of masticatory muscle dysfunction differed significantly between the clicking and non-clicking sides. Moreover, the LPM accounted for the highest proportion among masticatory muscles with tenderness in all TMJ clicking subgroups (77.78%-100%). Therefore, in the TMJ clicking group, the LPM texture was less defined, more uniform in gray scale, and more similar to local texture (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The occurrence of TMJ clicking in young adults is unrelated to the TMJ structure but related to the function of masticatory muscles, particularly the LPM.

Alleviating Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Restore Mucosal Integrity in Ulcerative Colitis by Targeting Delivery of 4-Octyl-Itaconate.

Current therapies primarily targeting inflammation often fail to address the root relationship between intestinal mucosal integrity and the resulting dysregulated cell death and ensuing inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). First, UC tissues from human and mice models in this article both emphasize the crucial role of Gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) as it contributes to colitis by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, thereby compromising the intestinal barrier. Then, 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI), exhibiting potential for anti-inflammatory activity in inhibiting pyroptosis, was encapsulated by butyrate-modified liposome (4-OI/BLipo) to target delivery for IECs. In brief, 4-OI/BLipo exhibited preferential accumulation in inflamed colonic epithelium, attributed to over 95% of butyrate being produced and absorbed in the colon. As expected, epithelium barriers were restored significantly by alleviating GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in colitis. Accordingly, the permeability of IECs was restored, and the resulting inflammation, mucosal epithelium, and balance of gut flora were reprogrammed, which offers a hopeful approach to the effective management of UC.

Recent progress in biomedical applications of titanium dioxide.

As one of the most common chemical materials, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been prepared and widely used for many years. Among all the applications, the biomedical applications of TiO2 have motivated strong interest and intensive experimental and theoretical studies, owing to its unique photocatalytic properties, excellent biocompatibility, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. Advances in nanoscale science suggest that some of the current problems of life science could be resolved or greatly improved through applying TiO2. This paper presents a critical review of recent advances in the biomedical applications of TiO2, which includes the photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment, drug delivery systems, cell imaging, biosensors for biological assay, and genetic engineering. The characterizations and applications of TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as nanocomposites and nanosystems of TiO2, which have been prepared by different modifications to improve the function of TiO2, are also offered in this review. Additionally, some perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier are discussed.

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the whitestriped longhorned beetle, Batocera lineolata, to the diurnal rhythm of host plant volatiles of holly, Viburnum awabuki.

The adsorption method of Tenax-TA absorbent with GC-MS was used to analyze diurnal rhythms of volatiles from undamaged holly plants, Viburnum awabuki Kock (Dipsacales: Adoxaceae) holly infested by the white-striped longhorned beetle, Batocera lineolata Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Electroantennography and a Y-tube olfactometer were used to compare and analyze electroantennogram and behavioral responses of unmated male and female adults to the volatiles from V. awabuki (both undamaged and infested plants). The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that phytosterol and alkane are major volatiles for V. awabuki. The relative content of V. awabuki volatiles changed during the day. Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of unmated male and female adults to the volatiles from both undamaged and infested plants of V. awabuki were stronger between 08:00 and 10:00 and 16:00 and 18:00, which is consistent with early morning and evening feeding behaviors of adults in the field.

D-mannose alleviated alveolar bone loss in mice with experimental periodontitis via regulating the anti-inflammatory effect of amino acids.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by dysbiosis of oral microbiota, ultimately leading to periodontal alveolar bone loss. The oral subgingival microbiome, a key role in periodontitis pathogenesis, could alter the composition of gut microbiomes resulting in intestinal microbiota disorder. D-mannose plays an important role in glucose metabolism; whether it is beneficial to prevention and treatment of periodontitis and the regulation of oral and intestinal microbiota changes is still unknown. METHODS: To explore the effect of D-mannose, we established experimental periodontitis models in mice and then treated with supplementation of D-mannose in drinking water or gavage to examine the extent of periodontal bone loss using methylene blue staining. Moreover, the oral and fecal samples of mice were collected for 16S rRNA deep sequencing to analyze the changes of oral and gut microbiota after 14 days. Furthermore, amino acid content assays were used to test the concentration of amino acid of gingival tissues and intestinal tissues. RESULTS: We found that D-mannose could alleviate periodontal bone loss whether in the manner of drinking water or gavage. 16S rRNA results revealed that the abundance of Firmicutes changed significantly in oral samples, while Firmicutes and Akkermansia muciniphila were dominated in gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrated that D-mannose inhibited inflammation and alleviated alveolar bone loss in periodontitis via regulating amino acid metabolism of oral and gut microbiomes. CONCLUSION: Our findings provided insight into the mechanism underlying the abilities of D-mannose in improving periodontitis treatment, suggesting that D-mannose has potential application in the dental clinic.