Curcumin: A review of experimental studies and mechanisms related to periodontitis treatment.

Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, immune regulation, and so on. Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, many studies have shown that curcumin has a potential role on the treatment of periodontitis. Curcumin has been used in research related to the treatment of periodontitis in the form of solution, chip, gel, and capsule. Combined with other periodontitis treatment methods, such as scaling and root planing (SRP) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance curcumin's efficacy in treating periodontitis. In addition to natural curcumin, chemically modified curcumin, such as 4-phenylaminocarbonyl bis-demethoxy curcumin (CMC 2.24) and 4-methoxycarbonyl curcumin (CMC 2.5), have also been used in animal models of periodontitis. Here, this paper reviews the research progress of curcumin on the treatment of periodontitis and its related mechanisms.

Osseointegration behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composites modified with amino groups: An in vivo study.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has become increasingly popular in dentistry and orthopedics due to its excellent chemical stability, reliable biosafety, and low elastic modulus. However, PEEK's biomechanical strength and bioactivity are limited and need to be increased as an implant material. The previous study in vitro has shown that the amino-functionalized carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (A-30%-CPEEK) possessed enhanced mechanical property and bioactivity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of amino groups modification on the osseointegration behavior of carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (30%-CPEEK) in rabbits. Herein, 30%-CPEEK and A-30%-CPEEK implant discs were implanted in rabbit skulls for 5 weeks, with pure titanium implants serving as a control. The bone-forming ability and osseointegration in vivo were systematically investigated by micro-computed tomography analysis, scanning electron microscope observation, and histological evaluation. Our results showed that all detection parameters were significantly different between the A-30%-CPEEK and 30%-CPEEK groups, favoring those in the A-30%-CPEEK, whose appraisal parameters were equal to or better than pure titanium. Therefore, this study supported the importance of amino groups in facilitating the new bone formation and bone-implant integration, suggesting that A-30%-CPEEK with enhanced osseointegration will be a promising material for dental or orthopedic implants.

The antibacterial property of zinc oxide/graphene oxide modified porous polyetheretherketone againstS. sanguinis, F. nucleatumandP. gingivalis.

About 30% failures of implant are caused by peri-implantitis. Subgingival plaque, consisting of S. sanguinis, F. nucleatum,P. gingivalis et al, is the initiating factor of peri-implantitis. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used for the fabrication of implant abutment, healing cap and temporary abutment in dental applications. As a biologically inert material, PEEK has shown poor antibacterial properties. To promote the antibacterial activity of PEEK, we loaded ZnO/GO on sulfonated PEEK. We screened out that when mass ratio of ZnO/GO was 4:1, dip-coating time was 25 min, ZnO/GO modified SPEEK shown the best physical and chemical properties. At the meantime, the ZnO/GO-SPEEK samples possess a good biocompatibility. The ZnO/GO-SPEEK inhibitsP. gingivalisobviously, and could exert an antibacterial activity toS. sanguinisin the early stage, prevents biofilm formation effectively. With the favorablein vitroperformances, the modification of PEEK with ZnO/GO is promising for preventing peri-implantitis.

Fabrication and mechanical properties of different types of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone: A comparative study.

OBJECTIVES: To find alternative non-metallic materials as dental implants for clinical application, different types of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were fabricated and investigated. METHODS: Continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone fabrics were fabricated with polyetheretherketone fibers and carbon fibers. Different kinds of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were synthesized by setting specific experiment parameters of injection or hot press molding. Various mechanical tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of different carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone, pure polyetheretherketone and pure titanium. RESULTS: Polyetheretherketone composites presented outstanding mechanical and thermal properties after incorporating carbon fiber. The bending and tensile strength of short carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone were close to human bone, and the bending strength of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone reached 644 MPa, even higher than that of pure titanium. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites are more similar to bone tissue than titanium, and the stress shielding phenomenon may be inhibited. They may become promising materials as substitutions for titanium and prospective materials in bone tissue engineering.

The osteogenesis performance of titanium modified via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in dental implants due to their favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Surface characteristics, including physical and chemical properties, are crucial factors to enhance the osteogenesis performance of Ti. The aim of this study is to evaluate amino group surface modification to facilitate the osteogenic potential and bone repair of dental implants both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, amino group-modified Ti surfaces were constructed via the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique with an allylamine monomer. The adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphate activity and osteogenesis-related genetic expression of MG-63 cells on the surfaces were performed in vitro and presented a significant increase in amino group-modified Ti compared with that in Ti. The in vivo study in miniature pigs was evaluated through micro-computed tomography analysis and histological evaluation, which exhibited enhanced new bone formation in amino group-modified Ti compared with that in Ti after implantation for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Consequently, amino group surface modification with the PECVD technique may provide a promising modification method to enhance the osteogenesis performance of Ti implants.

Enhanced bioactivity and osteogenic property of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composites modified with amino groups.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered as a potential dental and orthopedic implant material owing to its favorable thermal and chemical stability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the inherent bio-inert and inferior osseointegration of PEEK have hampered its clinical application. In addition, carbon fiber is widely used as a filler to reinforce polymers for sturdy composites owing to its high strength, modulus, etc. In the study, carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CPEEK) composites were fabricated and modified with amino groups by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition surface modification technique. The surface characterization of composites was evaluated by FE-SEM, EDS, AFM, Water contact angle, XPS and FTIR, which revealed that amino groups were successfully incorporated on the modified CPEEK surface and significantly increased the hydrophilicity. In vitro study, cell adhesion, proliferation, ALP activity, ECM mineralization, real-time PCR analysis, and ELISA analysis showed the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells on the amino group-modified CPEEK surface were higher than the CPEEK, equal to or better than pure titanium. Hence, the results indicated that the amino group-modified CPEEK possessed enhanced bioactivity and osteogenic property, which may be a potential candidate material for dental implants.

Minimally invasive maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implantation on an elderly patient: A case report.

BACKGROUND: In this case study, a minimally invasive transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simultaneous implantation was carried out in an elderly patient. We analyzed the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings to evaluate bone regeneration. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old female with no contraindications for dental implants and loss of maxillary bilateral molars is described. Examination by CBCT showed the available vertical bone height in the bilateral posterior maxilla was 0.5-6.8 mm in the left and 2.8-6.5 mm in the right. The patient underwent a transalveolar approach using platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute with simulataneous placement of an implant 10 mm in length. Six months post-surgery, the implant showed excellent osseointegration with the bone graft. Thereafter, full-ceramic crowns were fitted. Follow-up at 2 years demonstrated satisfactory prognosis. CONCLUSION: Platelet-rich fibrin and bone substitute can be used to augment the maxillary sinus with a vertical bone height less than 4 mm.

The endoscopically assisted transcrestal sinus floor elevation with platelet-rich fibrin at an immediate implantation of periapical lesion site: A case report.

RATIONALE: The traditional maxillary sinus floor elevation has serious postoperative complications and long healing periods, for patients with insufficient residual bone height (RBH). The endoscopic technique improves the blind nature of the sinus floor elevation procedure. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can promote tissue healing and prevent perforation. PATIENT CONCERN: A 25-year-old female with residual roots in the maxillary right second molar visited our hospital for dental implants. DIAGNOSE: CBCT results showed a low-density shadow at the root tip, and the height of the periapical distance from the maxillary sinus floor was less than 1 mm. INTERVENTION: Patient was immediately subjected to implant after root extraction. Two-step sinus floor elevation was performed under endoscopy. A 12 mm-long implant was installed. OUTCOMES: At 10 months after surgery, the hard and soft tissues were stable, and a full-ceramic crown was placed. LESSONS: Immediate implant and endoscope-guided sinus floor elevation through a transcrestal approach by using PRF as the only grafting material is viable in periapical infected sites with a RBH of less than 1 mm.