Role of decontamination treatment for implant surface in the treatment of peri-implantitis. / 种植体表面去污处理在种植体周围炎治疗中的作用.

Peri-implantitis, characterized by inflammation of tissues around implants and gradual loss of supporting bone tissue, has become one of the main causes for implant failure. Thoroughly removing the plaque biofilm on the implant surface is the first principle in the treatment of peri-implantitis. For this reason, various decontamination methods have been proposed, which can be divided into 2 categories: Removing biofilm and killing microorganisms according to the effect of plaque biofilm on the implant surface. However, at present, there is no decontamination method that can completely remove the plaque biofilm on the implant surface, and it lacks of clinical recommended guidelines. To understand the advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness and safety for different implant surface decontamination methods is of great significance to guide the clinical selection for peri-implantitis treatment.

Optimization of stress distribution of bone-implant interface (BII).

Many studies have found that the threshold of occlusal force tolerated by titanium-based implants is significantly lower than that of natural teeth due to differences in biomechanical mechanisms. Therefore, implants are considered to be susceptible to occlusal trauma. In clinical practice, many implants have shown satisfactory biocompatibility, but the balance between biomechanics and biofunction remains a huge clinical challenge. This paper comprehensively analyzes and summarizes various stress distribution optimization methods to explore strategies for improving the resistance of the implants to adverse stress. Improving stress resistance reduces occlusal trauma and shortens the gap between implants and natural teeth in occlusal function. The study found that: 1) specific implant-abutment connection design can change the force transfer efficiency and force conduction direction of the load at the BII; 2) reasonable implant surface structure and morphological character design can promote osseointegration, maintain alveolar bone height, and reduce the maximum effective stress at the BII; and 3) the elastic modulus of implants matched to surrounding bone tissue can reduce the stress shielding, resulting in a more uniform stress distribution at the BII. This study concluded that the core BII stress distribution optimization lies in increasing the stress distribution area and reducing the local stress peak value at the BII. This improves the biomechanical adaptability of the implants, increasing their long-term survival rate.