Nasal splinting and mouth breathing training reduce emergence delirium after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Emergence delirium (ED) is generally occurred after anesthesia associated with increased risks of long-term adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preconditioning with nasal splint and mouth-breathing training on prevention of ED after general anesthesia. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 200 adult patients undergoing ESS. Patients were randomized to receive either nasal splinting and mouth breathing training (n = 100) or standard care (n = 100) before surgery. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ED within 30 min of extubation, assessed using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale. Logistic regression identified risk factors for ED. RESULTS: Totally 200 patients were randomized and 182 aged from 18 to 82 years with 59.9% of males were included in the final analysis (90 in C-group and 92 in P-group). ED occurred in 16.3% of the intervention group vs. 35.6% of controls (P = 0.004). Male sex, smoking and function endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were independent risk factors for ED. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative nasal splinting and mouth breathing training significantly reduced the incidence of emergence delirium in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1900024925 ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx ) registered on 3/8/2019.

The effect of different drugs on hard metal lung disease in a rat model.

Hard metal lung disease (HMLD) drugs include dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex), methylprednisolone (MP) injection, N-acetylcysteine injection (NAC), and a mix of Dex, MP, and NAC (MIX). In this study, we compared the effects of these drugs on different cytokines of hard metal lung disease in a rat model. Thirty-six adult female Sprague Dawley rats were distributed equally into the control group, hard metal (HM) group, Dex group, MP group, NAC group, and MIX group. HM powder (0.5 mL, 20 mg/mL; one time) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to the HM group through the pulmonary endotracheal tube, while the control group received normal saline (0.5 mL, 20 mg/mL; one time). After 4 weeks, the drugs were administered to the experimental groups (0.5 mL, 20 mg/mL; one time). After 8 weeks, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were examined for cytokine levels. Biochemical analysis indicated that the Dex, MP, NAC, and MIX did not improve TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, KL-6, and MMP-1 in the BALF, while MIX increased TIMP-1 in BALF. In addition, the NAC treatment significantly increased the expression levels of TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, KL-6, and MMP-1. The MIX treatment significantly increased the expression levels of TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, and KL-6. The MP treatment significantly increased the expression levels of KL-6, and MMP-1. The Dex treatment significantly increased the expression levels of TGF-ß1, KL-6, and MMP-1. This study demonstrated that administered with NAC and MIX could improve TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, and KL-6 in serum of hard metal lung disease in a rat model. Therefore, NAC injection may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a preventive agent against HMLD.

Influence of Clones on Relationship between Natural Rubber and Size of Rubber Particles in Latex.

IAN873, Dongfang93114 and Reyan73397, created through vegetative propagation for their high yield and excellent cold resistance, are major clones planted in China. In this work, latexes with rubber particles of the same size from these clones are separated from fresh natural rubber latex, and corresponding rubber films are prepared from each latex. The structure and components of each film are measured. This indicates that the characteristics of the rubbers obtained from latexes with similar particle sizes show some resembling trends among different clones, while for specific samples, those characteristics vary depending on the clone. The molecular weight is generally highest in IAN873 and lowest in Reyan73397. Rubber chains in small rubber particles are longer, and large rubber particles show a wider molecular weight distribution. The gel content of every sample from Reyan73397 is lower than the other two clones. The nitrogen content increases with the size of rubber particles in all clones. The ester content of small rubber particles in IAN873 and Reyan73397 is almost zero. Large rubber particles have more branching points formed via esters. This study provides a new perspective on the influence of clones on the relationship between characteristics of natural rubber and the size of rubber particles in natural rubber latex.

Risk factors for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-induced moderate to severe hand-foot syndrome in breast cancer patients: assessment of baseline clinical parameters.

BACKGROUND: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a side effect of skin related to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) application. Moderate to severe hand-foot syndrome (MSHFS) might have a serious impact on patients' quality of life and treatment. However, information on risk factors for the development of MSHFS is still limited. To analyze the risk factors for PLD-induced MSHFS in breast cancer patients and constructed a logistic regression prediction model. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of breast cancer patients who were treated with a PLD regimen in the Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2017 to August 2019. A total of 26 factors were collected from electronic medical records. Patients were divided into MSHFS (HFS > grade 1) and NMHFS (HFS ≤ grade 1) groups according to the NCI classification. Statistical analysis of these factors and the construction of a logistic regression prediction model based on risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 44.7% (206/461) of patients developed MSHFS. The BMI, dose intensity, and baseline Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the MSHFS group, as well as good peripheral blood circulation, excessive sweat excretion, history of gallstones, and tumour- and HER2-positive percentages, were all higher than those in the NMHFS group (P < 0.05). The model for predicting the occurrence of MSHFS was P = 1/1 + exp. (11.138-0.110*BMI-0.234*dose intensity-0.018*baseline ALT+ 0.025*baseline AST-1.225*gallstone history-0.681* peripheral blood circulation-1.073*sweat excretion-0.364*with or without tumor-0.680*HER-2). The accuracy of the model was 72.5%, AUC = 0.791, and Hosmer-Lemeshow fit test P = 0.114 > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the patients developed MSHFS. The constructed prediction model may be valuable for predicting the occurrence of MSHFS in patients.

Enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Excessive osteoclast activity is a major characteristic of pathogenic bone loss in inflammatory bone diseases including periodontitis. However, beyond the knowledge that osteoclasts are differentiated from the monocyte/macrophage lineage and share common ancestry with macrophages and DC, the nature and function of osteoclast precursors are not completely understood. Furthermore, little is known about how osteoclast precursors respond to bacterial infection in vivo. We have previously demonstrated in vitro that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a biphasic role on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effect of Pg infection on the regulation of osteoclast precursors, using a mouse calvarial infection model. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6 wild-type and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 knockout (MyD88-/- ) mice were infected with Pg by calvarial injection. Local and systemic bone loss, and the number and function of CD11b+ c-fms+ cells from bone marrow and spleen were analyzed. Our results show that Pg infection induces localized inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased number and osteoclastogenic potential of CD11b+ c-fms+ osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow and periphery. We also show that CD11b+ c-fms+ RANK+ and CD11b+ c-fms+ RANK- are precursors with similar osteoclastogenic and pro-inflammatory potentials. In addition, CD11b+ c-fms+ cells exhibit an antigen-specific T-cell immune-suppressive activity, which are increased with Pg infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that MyD88 is involved in the regulation of osteoclast precursors upon Pg infection. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrate an enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Pg infection. Based on our findings, we propose the following model: Pg infection increases a pool of precursor cells that can be shunted toward osteoclast formation at the infection/inflammation sites, while at the same time dampening host immune responses, which is beneficial for the persistence of infection and maintenance of the characteristic chronic nature of periodontitis. Understanding the nature, function, and regulation of osteoclast precursors will be helpful for identifying therapeutic interventions to aid in the control and prevention of inflammatory bone loss diseases including periodontitis.

Remodeling of the Mandibular Bone Induced by Overdentures Supported by Different Numbers of Implants.

The objective of this study was to investigate the process of mandibular bone remodeling induced by implant-supported overdentures. computed tomography (CT) images were collected from edentulous patients to reconstruct the geometry of the mandibular bone and overdentures supported by implants. Based on the theory of strain energy density (SED), bone remodeling models were established using the user material subroutine (UMAT) in abaqus. The stress distribution in the mandible and bone density change was investigated to determine the effect of implant number on the remodeling of the mandibular bone. The results indicated that the areas where high Mises stress values were observed were mainly situated around the implants. The stress was concentrated in the distal neck region of the distal-most implants. With an increased number of implants, the biting force applied on the dentures was almost all taken up by implants. The stress and bone density in peri-implant bone increased. When the stress reached the threshold of remodeling, the bone density began to decrease. In the posterior mandible area, the stress was well distributed but increased with decreased implant numbers. Changes in bone density were not observed in this area. The computational results were consistent with the clinical data. The results demonstrate that the risk of bone resorption around the distal-most implants increases with increased numbers of implants and that the occlusal force applied to overdentures should be adjusted to be distributed more in the distal areas of the mandible.

"One-drop-of-blood" electroanalysis of lead levels in blood using a foam-like mesoporous polymer of melamine-formaldehyde and disposable screen-printed electrodes.

A foam-like mesoporous polymer of melamine-formaldehyde (mPMF) was synthesized and further deposited on disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for the electroanalysis of Pb(2+) ions in blood. Investigations indicate that the prepared mPMF is ultrastable in water, showing a mesoporous structure and an amine-rich composition, as characterized by electronic microscopy images and IR spectra. Importantly, it possesses a highly-selective chelating ability and a powerful absorbent capacity for Pb(2+) ions. By way of solid-state PbCl2 voltammetry, the mPMF-modified sensor could allow for the detection of Pb(2+) ions in one drop of blood with a high detection selectivity, sensitivity (down to about 0.10 µg L(-1) Pb(2+) ions) and reproducibility. Such a simple "one-drop-of-blood" electroanalysis method equipped with disposable SPEs and a portable electrochemical transducer can be tailored for the field-deployable or on-site monitoring of blood Pb(2+) levels in the clinical laboratory.

Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted thermal-responsive polymers based sorbent for ambient ionization mass spectrometric analysis of sulfonamide antibiotics from food samples.

The thermal-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (TrMMIP) sorbent was synthesized by surface imprinting method, and then used for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and subsequent integrated into the ion source for elution and ionization. The shrinking-strength states change of the thermal-responsive polymer chain on TrMMIP alters the wettability of the sorbent when the working temperature crosses the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer, and thus affects its behavior of in the extraction and clean-up process. The targeted analytes could be effectively extracted due to the high selectivity of MIPs and well dispersibility of polymer chain under the open state. Additionally, a hydrophilic polymer chain wrapped on the sorbent surface further protected target substances from co-elution during cleanup. Analytical methods for sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) detection in complex food samples (milk, honey, fish) were developed, demonstrating potential for rapid and sensitive SAs analysis in diverse food and biological samples.

Activation of liver X receptors suppresses the abundance and osteoclastogenic potential of osteoclast precursors and periodontal bone loss.

Liver-X receptors (LXRs) are essential nuclear hormone receptors involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. They are also believed to regulate inflammation and physiological and pathological bone turnover. We have previously shown that infection with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in mice increases the abundance of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi cells in bone marrow (BM), spleen (SPL), and peripheral blood. These cells also demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenic activity and a distinctive gene profile following Pg infection. Here, we investigated the role of LXRs in regulating these osteoclast precursors (OCPs) and periodontal bone loss. We found that Pg infection downregulates the gene expression of LXRs, as well as ApoE, a transcription target of LXRs, in CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi OCPs. Activation of LXRs by treatment with GW3965, a selective LXR agonist, significantly decreased Pg-induced accumulation of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population in BM and SPL. GW3965 treatment also significantly suppressed the osteoclastogenic potential of these OCPs induced by Pg infection. Furthermore, the activation of LXRs reduces the abundance of OCPs systemically in BM and locally in the periodontium, as well as mitigates gingival c-fms expression and periodontal bone loss in a ligature-induced periodontitis model. These data implicate a novel role of LXRs in regulating OCP abundance and osteoclastogenic potential in inflammatory bone loss.

Magnetic conjugated microporous polymer for rapid extraction and sensitive analysis of environmental endocrine disruptors in environmental waters and dairy products.

BACKGROUND: Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a class of new pollutants that are diffusely used in the medical industry and animal husbandry. In view of toxicity concerns, elevated levels of EEDs in the environment and food, which cause potential harm to human beings and ecosystems, must be monitored. Determination of EEDs contaminants to ensure environment and food safety has became a major concern worldwide, it is also a challenging task because of their trace level and probable matrices interference. Thus, developing rapid adsorption and efficient analysis methods for EEDs is apparently necessary. RESULTS: A magnetic conjugated micro-porous polymer (Fe3O4@TbDt) was designed and synthesized, which was endowed with large specific surface area, rich functional groups and magnetic responsiveness. The material showed high extraction efficiency for EEDs via magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The quantum chemistry calculations showed the adsorption mechanism of Fe3O4@TbDt on EEDs mainly included electrostatic interactions, van der waals forces (N-H … π interaction, C-H … π interaction), and multiple hydrogen bonds. Finally, a trace analysis method for nine EEDs was established combined with HPLC-MS/MS under optimized MSPE conditions. The method showed a good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.996), low limits of detection (0.25-5.1 ng L-1), high precision (RSD of 1.1-8.2 %, n = 6). The applicability of this method was investigated by analyzing four water samples and two dairy products, and satisfactory recovery rates (82.1-100.7 %) were obtained. The proposed method showed the potential for the analysis of EEDs residues in food and environmental samples. SIGNIFICANCE: The developed MSPE method based on conjugated micro-porous polymers (CMPs) is simple, green, and efficient compared to existing techniques. The application of CMPs provides a new idea for preparing versatile sample pre-treatment materials. What's more, this work has certain reference value for addressing of EEDs residues in the environment and food.

RGD peptide immobilized on TiO2 nanotubes for increased bone marrow stromal cells adhesion and osteogenic gene expression.

Recently, TiO(2) nanotube layers are widely used in orthopedics and dental applications because of their good promotion effect on bone cells. Furthermore, peptide sequences such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid are used to modify Ti implant for binding to cell surface integrins through motif. In this study, a cellular adhesive peptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-cysteine (RGDC) was immobilized onto anodized TiO(2) nanotubes on Ti to examine its in vitro responses on rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. High-resolution C1s scans suggested the presence of RGDC on the surface and SEM images confirmed the nanotubes were not destroyed after modification. BMSCs adhesion and osteogenic gene expression were detected in TiO(2) nanotube layers with and without RGDC modification by fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, SEM, and realtime polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Results showed that the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC increased BMSCs adhesion compared to nonfunctionalized nanotubes after 4 h of cultivation. Furthermore, the osteogenic gene expression of BMSCs was dramatically enhanced on the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC (10 mM) compared to the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC (1 mM) and non-functionalized anodized Ti. Our results from in vitro study provided evidence that Ti anodized to possess nanotubes and then further functionalized with RGDC should be further studied for the design of better biomedical implant surfaces.

High dose and hepatobiliary dysfunction are associated with hand-foot syndrome in patients with lymphoma using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: In clinical practice, the risk factors for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-related hand-foot syndrome remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with hand-foot syndrome in patients with lymphoma using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive analysis included patients with lymphoma who received PLD treatment (≥ 2 cycles of chemotherapy) at our cancer centre and had complete follow-up data from January 2016 to February 2020. Clinical, laboratory data, as well as the occurrence of hand-foot syndrome (incidence, location, severity, impact on follow-up chemotherapy) were obtained. The primary end point was the incidence of hand-foot syndrome, which was classified according to the "Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events" (Version 4.0). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for hand-foot syndrome in patients with lymphoma using doxorubicin liposomes. FINDINGS: A total of 167 patients met the inclusion criteria. 58 developed HFS, of which 45 occurred after the second course of chemotherapy. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a dose increase of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and hepatobiliary dysfunction were significantly associated with an increased risk for hand-foot syndrome(dose intensity, OR = 6.479; 95% CI, 1.431-29.331 [P = 0.015]; history of gallstones, OR = 14.144, 95% CI, 1.512-132.346 [P = 0.020]; alanine aminotransferase, OR = 1.194, 95% CI, 1.056-1.350 [P = 0.005]; aspartate aminotransferase, OR = 1.162, 95% CI, 1.010-1.336 [P = 0.035]; and glutamine transpeptidase, OR = 1.092, 95% CI, 1.016-1.174 [P = 0.018]). IMPLICATIONS: These findings contribute to the risk assessment of patients with lymphoma before using pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. For patients with the above risk factors, preventive measures should be taken in advance to reduce the incidence of HFS.

Frontline Science: Characterization and regulation of osteoclast precursors following chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.

Bone destruction in inflammatory osteolytic diseases including periodontitis is related to excessive activity of osteoclasts (OC), which originate from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage, termed osteoclast precursors (OCP). In contrast to ample knowledge that we currently have on mature OC, little is known about OCP and their regulation during bacterial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize OCP following chronic infection with a periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We used a microosmotic pump to continually release Pg subcutaneously in a murine model. Two weeks after Pg infection, the frequency of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population is significantly elevated within the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. In vitro and in vivo studies identified these cells as the OCP-containing population and Pg infection significantly enhanced the osteoclastogenic activity of these cells. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing analysis indicated a unique gene and pathway profile in CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population following Pg infection, with changes in genes and pathways related to OC differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and immunity, as well as antigen processing and presentation. Moreover, using IL-6 knockout mice, we found that IL-6 is important for Pg-induced accumulation of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population from the bone marrow and periphery. Our results provide new insight into the characterization and regulation of OCP following a chronic bacterial infection. This knowledge is relevant to the understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria-induced bone loss, and to the identification of potential therapeutic targets of bone loss diseases.

Characterization and regulation of osteoclast precursors following chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis infection.

Bone destruction in inflammatory osteolytic diseases including periodontitis is related to excessive activity of osteoclasts (OC), which originate from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage, termed osteoclast precursors (OCP). In contrast to ample knowledge that we currently have on mature OC, little is known about OCP and their regulation during bacterial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize OCP following chronic infection with a periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We used a micro-osmotic pump to continually release Pg subcutaneously in a murine model. Two weeks after Pg infection, the frequency of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population is significantly elevated within the bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. In vitro and in vivo studies identified these cells as the OCP-containing population and Pg infection significantly enhanced the osteoclastogenic activity of these cells. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing analysis indicated a unique gene and pathway profile in CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population following Pg infection, with changes in genes and pathways related to OC differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, phagocytosis and immunity, as well as antigen processing and presentation. Moreover, using IL-6 knockout mice, we found that IL-6 is important for Pg-induced accumulation of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population from the bone marrow and periphery. Our results provide new insights into the characterization and regulation of OCP following a chronic bacterial infection. This knowledge is relevant to the understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria-induced bone loss, and to the identification of potential therapeutic targets of bone loss diseases.

[Effect of bite force on the periodontal tissue remodeling of molar with different levels of periodontal attachment ment].

OBJECTIVE: The theory of strain energy density (SED) was combined with finite element analysis to investigate alveolar bone remodeling of the mandibular first molar with different levels of periodontal attachment under mastication loading. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of the mandibular first molar with different levels of periodontal attachment were established. Based on SED theory, the user material subroutine (UMAT) (used by ABAQUS software) was developed by ourselves to simulate the remodeling process of mandibular bone. The stress distributions and bone density changes were analyzed under different mastication loading. The influence of loading magnitude on alveolar bone remodeling with different levels of periodontal attachment was investigated. RESULTS: The results showed that the neck of buccal, lingual regions and root apex area experienced a higher stress. The stress and the density of alveolar bone increased gradually with the enhancing of the bite force at the beginning. Then the density would appear declining when the bite force exceeded the extreme load. The extreme load reduced from 420 N to 240 N with the periodontal attachment falling from normal to 1/2 of root length also. And the remodeling rate of the bone was faster as the loading increasing. CONCLUSION: The capability of the periodontal tissue for supporting the teeth will drop gradually as the periodontal attachment level dropping. And the decline of bone density also appeared in earlier time. The change of density is associated with mastication loading during the bone remodelling. And reducing the occlusal force properly to the molar with different attachment level is benefit for clinical treatment and prognosis of periodontal disease.

The remodeling of alveolar bone supporting the mandibular first molar with different levels of periodontal attachment.

The objective of this study was to investigate alveolar bone remodeling of the mandibular first molar with differing levels of periodontal attachment under mastication loading. Three-dimensional finite element models of the mandibular first molar with differing levels of periodontal attachment were established. The stress distributions and bone density changes were analyzed under mastication loading to simulate the remodeling process of mandibular bone based on the theory of strain energy density. The results showed that the alveolar buccal, lingual ridges and root apex areas experienced higher stresses. The stresses and densities of the alveolar bone increased proportionally to increased mastication loading. Decrease in alveolar bone density under extreme loading indicated bone resorption. The remodeling rate was continual with gradual loading. Periodontal ligament support marginally decreased with an increased remodeling rate under extreme loading. Changes in alveolar bone density can reflect the remodeling process of periodontal tissue under mastication loading. The relationship between the change in density and mastication loading during remodeling can provide useful indicators into clinical treatment and diagnosis of the periodontal disease.

Electrochemical immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen based on signal amplification strategy of nanotubular mesoporous PdCu alloy.

Interests in using nanoporous metals for biosensing applications have been increasing. Herein, nanotubular mesoporous PdCu (NM-PdCu) alloy is used to fabricate a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). It operates through physisorption of anti-CEA on NM-PdCu and the mixture of sulfonated graphene sheets (HSO(3)-GS) and thionine (TH) functionalized glassy carbon electrode interface as the detection platform. In this study, chitosan (CS)-PdCu is bound very strongly to carcinoembryonic antibody (anti-CEA), because of the good electron conductivity, high surface area, and good biocompatibility. CS-PdCu is immobilized on electrodes by electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged sulfo group of HSO(3)-GS and the abundant positively charged amino groups of chitosan. TH acts as the redox probe. Under the optimized conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor exhibits a wide working range from 0.01 to 12 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 4.86 pg/mL. The accuracy, reproducibility, and stability of the immunosensor are acceptable. The assay is evaluated for real serum samples, receiving satisfactory results. The nanoporous metal materials-based immunoassay provides a promising approach in clinical application and thus represents a versatile detection method.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay for BRCA1 using BMIM·BF4-coated SBA-15 as labels and functionalized graphene as enhancer.

BRCAl is an anti-oncogene in women, who are genetically predisposed to breast and ovary cancer. The detection of BRCA1 can offer an opportunity to characterize the function of genetic features in breast and ovarian cancer and to screen breast or ovarian cancer patients. In this study, we designed a new label and fabricated a novel sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of BRCAl. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was entrapped in the pores of amino-group functionalized SBA-15 and the secondary antibody (Ab2) combined with SBA-15 by covalent bond. Ionic liquid (IL) was added into the mixed solution of SBA-15/HRP/Ab2 and application of IL increased the electrochemical activity of HRP and promoted electron transport. The synergistic effect between IL, SBA-15, Ab2 and HRP could retain the bioactivity of HRP and Ab2. The sensitivity of the sandwich-type immunosensor using SBA-15/HRP/Ab2/BMIM·BF4 as labels for BRCA1 detection was much higher than that using either SBA-15/HRP/Ab2 or SBA-15/Ab2 as labels. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunoassay exhibited a wide working range from 0.01 to 15 ng/mL with a detection limit of 4.86 pg/mL BRCA1. The precision, reproducibility, and stability of the immunoassay were acceptable.

Osteogenic gene expression of canine bone marrow stromal cell and bacterial adhesion on titanium with different nanotubes.

Bacterial infection and osseointegration of implant-biomaterials all play important roles in the success of an orthopedic prosthesis or a dental-implant. In this work, we evaluated the osteogenic gene expression of canine bone marrow stromal cells (CBMSCs) and the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12598) on different diameter TiO(2) nanotube layers. The CBMSCs cultured on 30 and 70 nm nanotubes displayed polygon shape, but obviously elongated when the diameter of nanotubes turned to 120 nm. A significant increase in CBMSCs proliferation by as much as about ∼300%, and osteogenic gene (RUNX-2, OPN, COL-1, and OCN) expression were observed on the 120 nm diameter nanotubes when compared to the smooth Ti. However, the adhesion of bacteria also increased with an increased tube diameter and reached highest value on 120 nm nanotubes after 4 h of incubation. ∼300-400% increase in bacterial attached to 120 nm nanotubes in contract to the smooth Ti. These data suggested reducing bacteria colonization should be considered when larger diameter nanotubes with better osteogenic property would be used as orthopedic implants or dental implants.