Transgenic Expression of A Venous Malformation Related Mutation, TIE2-R849W, Significantly Induces Multiple Malformations of Zebrafish.

A TIE2 mutation causing arginine-to-tryptophan substitution at residue 849 (TIE2-R849W) is commonly identified in heredofamilial venous malformation. However, there is no in vivo model to confirm the pathogenic role of TIE2-R849W. Humanized TIE2-R849W plasmid was constructed via PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. After transcription and micro-injection, TIE2-R849W significantly induces multiple malformations in zebrafish: caudal vein plexus (CVP) defect, eye abnormalities, forebrain formation perturbations, and mandibular malformation. Histologically, these phenotypes accompany aphakia, confused retina plexiform layer, abnormal mandibular cartilage, ectopic myelencephalon proliferation and aberrant location of neurogliocytes. According to qRT-PCR, except for high expression of egfl7, the other CVP-related genes cd146, nr2f1a, and s1pr1 are not significantly different from control. TIE2-R849W also induced upregulation of the wnt signaling pathway. Gene array in vitro shows that under the effect of TIE2-R849W, consistent with high expression of pik3 and foxo1, high levels of egfl7, wnt9a, lrp5 and dkk1 were partly confirmed. This in vivo model directly identifies the venous-related pathogenic role of TIE2-R849W. Under up-regulation of TIE2-R849W, egfl7 could be considered a potential reason for venous defects. Moreover, the wnt pathway may perform an important role as a key trigger for head multi-malformations.

Four osteotomy methods with piezosurgery to remove complicated mandibular third molars: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: Piezosurgery has been used widely in oral and maxillofacial surgery, but there has been no report systematically describing an osteotomy method with piezosurgery for complicated mandibular third molar removal. The aim of this study was to introduce 4 osteotomy methods using piezosurgery and evaluate their effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with a complicated impacted mandibular third molar requiring extraction. The predictor variable was the extraction technique. Four osteotomy methods using piezosurgery were tested according to different impaction types: method 1 involved complete bone removal; method 2 involved segmental bone removal; method 3 involved bone removal combined with tooth splitting; and method 4 involved block bone removal. Outcome variables were success rate, operative time, major complications (including nerve injury, mandible fracture, severe hematoma, or severe edema), and serious pyogenic infection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The study was composed of 55 patients with 74 complicated impacted mandibular third molars. All impacted mandibular third molars were removed successfully. The average surgical time was 15 minutes (range, 8 to 26 minutes). Thirty-eight molars (51.4%) were extracted by method 1, 18 molars (24.3%) by method 2, 12 molars (16.2%) by method 3, and 6 molars (8.1%) by method 4. Two cases (2.7%) developed postoperative infections and recovered within 1 week using drainage and antibiotic administration. CONCLUSION: The 4 osteotomy methods with piezosurgery provide effective ways of removing complicated impacted mandibular third molars.

Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the condyle.

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is an uncommon vascular tumor arising from pericytic cells with variable malignant potential. Primary HPCs of the bone are extremely rare; however, involvement of the condylar process has not been reported. We presented a 21-year-old female patient with low-grade malignant HPC in the right mandibular condyle. Clinical examination and imaging findings revealed a well-defined soft mass, encapsulating the mandibular condyle from behind. The lesion and mandibular condyle were removed simultaneously; then, the costochondral graft was used to reconstruct the defect. Histopathologic examinations of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis. After 2 years of follow-up, the patient is free of disease, and mouth opening returned to normal.

Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin may be an effective treatment for epulis.

Gingival epulis represents a family of benign tumors and tumorlike masses of the gingiva. A spectrum of inflammatory and other reactive changes can be observed pathologically as granulation, fibrous or vascular tissue. It may occur at any age, but most commonly found in patients at their twenties and sixties. Women are more frequently affected than men. Surgical excision or removal is the treatment of choice, and wider resection including extraction of the involved teeth and adjacent tissues is often required in order to prevent recurrence. However, wider resection may result in cosmetic and functional problems. Epulis bears some similarities with hemangioma both clinically and histopathologically. Therefore, we hypothesize that intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin may be a safe and effective treatment for epulis. The efficacy of this treatment modality is worthy of further investigation.

Increased Cyfra 21-1 concentration in saliva from primary oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Saliva is the body fluid in the oral cavity and contacts directly with oral mucosa. As a detective media, it is acceptable and non-traumatic. Cyfra 21-1, being the soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19(CK19), correlates well with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentrations in OSCC patients and healthy persons, and the correlation between the Cyfra 21-1 concentration in saliva and the CK19 expression in tissue from OSCC patients. DESIGN: Saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration was detected by ELISA in 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy persons; CK19 protein expression and CK19 mRNA level were, respectively, detected by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent real-time RT-PCR in cancerous and paracancerous tissues from 33 OSCC patients. RESULTS: Saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration in OSCC patients (85.95+/-78.00 microg/L) was significantly higher than that in healthy persons (42.27+/-40.84 microg/L) (P=0.009); it was also significantly higher in the patients suffering later tumour recurrence (130.95+/-66.38 microg/L) than that in the patients without tumour recurrence (74.84+/-63.45 microg/L) (P=0.023). CK19 protein expression increased significantly in OSCC tissues (P<0.001) with positive rate of 90.9%, CK19 mRNA level in cancerous tissues was 2.21 folds higher than that in paracancerous tissues (P=0.020); significant correlation was found between tissue CK19 protein expression and tissue CK19 mRNA level (P=0.003), and great correlation was found between tissue CK19 protein expression and saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration (P=0.051). CONCLUSIONS: The increased CK19 expression in OSCC tissues plays an important role in the increase of saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration. Potential clinical value of saliva Cyfra 21-1 detection is suggested for OSCC. Further studies are encouraged to reveal the real diagnostic and prognostic value of detecting saliva Cyfra 21-1 concentration for OSCC.

[Current status of dental English education in China].

The teaching of dental English for undergraduate students plays an important role in dental education. Most dental schools or colleges have set up the course of dental English education in China. However, this course lacks of a unified educational plans, contents and goals based on actual situation of dental students, which does not fully achieve the teaching purpose. This study was aimed to explore the developmental direction of the course of dental English education through comparison among different dental schools or colleges in China, in order to find out the teaching mode of dental English education, and promote the teaching effect and cultivation of international dental talents.

[Review and prospectives of oral-maxillofacial surgery in the world].

This article introduced the developing history and present status of oral and maxillofacial surgery in the world, with the aim to provide references for education of oral and maxillofacial surgery and further development.

Variations in the buccal-lingual alveolar bone thickness of impacted mandibular third molar: our classification and treatment perspectives.

Selecting either buccal or lingual approach for the mandibular third molar surgical extraction has been an intense debate for years. The aim of this observational retrospective study was to classify the molar based on the proximity to the external cortical bone, and analyze the position of inferior alveolar canal (IAC) of each type. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) data of 110 deeply impacted mandibular third molars from 91 consecutive patients were analyzed. A new classification based on the mean deduction value (MD) of buccal-lingual alveolar bone thickness was proposed: MD≥1 mm was classified as buccal position, 1 mm>MD>-1 mm was classified as central position, MD≤-1 mm was classified as lingual position. The study samples were distributed as: buccal position (1.8%) in 2 subjects, central position (10.9%) in 12 and lingual position (87.3%) in 96. Ninety-six molars (87.3%) contacted the IAC. The buccal and inferior IAC course were the most common types in impacted third molar, especially in lingually positioned ones. Our study suggested that amongst deeply impacted mandibular third molars, lingual position occupies the largest proportion, followed by the central, and then the buccal type.

[Evaluation of flipped classroom teaching model in undergraduates education of oral and maxillofacial surgery].

Flipped classroom is a new teaching model which is different from the traditional teaching method. The history and characteristics of flipped classroom teaching model were introduced in this paper. A discussion on how to establish flipped classroom teaching protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgery education was carried out. Curriculum transformation, construction of education model and possible challenges were analyzed and discussed.

Radiological and clinical features of peripheral keratocystic odontogenic tumor.

UNLABELLED: Peripheral Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (PKCOT) is rare and has not been reported with imaging findings. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore CT and MR imaging characteristics of two PKCOTs in lateral facial deep region (LFDR), and to present a review of the literature regarding their anatomic locations and characteristics of epidemiology and Radiology. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Eighteen PKCOTs, sixteen from the previous literatures and two new cases of the authors, were reviewed. Fifteen of them had original sites in the gingival, one in buccal space and two in LFDR. CT imaging features were based on one PKCOT in the buccal space and two in LFDR. MR imaging features on one PKCOT in LFDR, and conventional radiographic characteristics on eight PKCOTs were analyzed. RESULTS: The subjects' ages ranged from 37 to 81 years, with a mean of 54.7 years. The male and female ratio was 1:1.14, with no predilection for either gender. Buccal space (6%) and LFDR (11%) were relatively rare original sites to PKCOTs, compared to gingival (83%). PKCOTs were clearly depicted on CT and MR imaging as they had cystic changes. Contents of the cysts were further analyzed by using different series of MRI. No radiological features were found on radiographs except one subject with minimal bone resorption in the alveolar crest. CONCLUSIONS: LFDR is rare original site for PKCOT. PKCOT should be included as one of differential diagnosis of a cystic lesion found in LFDR on CT and MR imaging.

[A pilot study of establishing course of professional English on stomatology].

The importance of specialized English on stomatology is becoming more and more significant under the new situation. It used to be focused on vocabulary and literature teaching in the original course of specialized English, which was lack of practicability. Thus, we try to establish a course of professional English on stomatology during the postgraduate stage of the seven-year students in our college, in order to complement the course of specialized English on stomatology and improve the students' practical ability to use specialized English. In this paper, the teaching content and method, teaching materials setting and the feedback from students on the course were discussed and analyzed, in order to lay a foundation for better construction of the course.

[An introduction of DentSim in pre-clinical dental training and practice].

DentSim is a revolutionary computerized dental training system developed by joint contributions from companies in Israel and America. It is a high-tech unit developed from the classic dental simulator. Not only can this system standardize and improve the students' dexterity, but also does the training module make preparations easier to be visualized and provide immediate feedback, real time user-generated evaluation by using advanced imaging and simulation technologies via the built-in 3D scanning system. Since the debut of the first generation product in 1993, and throughout consistent practice and refinement over many years, the fourth generation system is now available and utilized by many schools of stomatology worldwide. DentSim has become an important teaching modality in the preclinical training of dental students.

[Comparison of dental education between 3 schools of dentistry in Europe, America and China].

In order to understand the status and characteristics of dental education in Europe, America and China, and clarify the shortcomings of dental education in China, this study selected Columbia University, Vienna Medical University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Stomatology as representatives. The similarities and differences of the three institutions were compared through investigating education background and education model, in order to provide references for dental education. Supported by Medical Education Research Projects of Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Stomatology(YB120913).

Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorptions: report of one case with 8 teeth involved successively.

Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorptions is a rare condition which is usually detected as an incidental radiographic finding. It involves more than 3 teeth in the same patient and the etiology remains elusive. Diagnosis and treatment of the defect is still challenging. The present report describes a case with progressive multiple external cervical resorption involving 8 teeth, including the history, clinical and radiographic findings. Treatment included surgical intervention and restoration of the defect. A 3-month reevaluation of the case confirmed a stable, uneventful clinical recovery.

A practical guide for diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the oral and maxillofacial region.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) resulting from birth defects of the vasculature. It is rarely seen, only accounting for 1.5% of all vascular anomalies, and 50% of the lesions are located in the oral and maxillofacial region. Regardless of the type, AVMs may ultimately lead to significant anatomical, pathophysiological and hemodynamic consequences. Therefore, despite their relative rarity, AVMs still remain the most challenging and/or life-threatening form of vascular anomalies. Transarterial coil embolisation or ligation of feeding arteries are incorrect approaches and may result in progress of the lesion. Furthermore, such procedures would prevent future endovascular access to the lesions via the arterial route, and should be abandoned. Interventional embolisation using various sclerosants is currently the mainstay of treatment for AVMs, and elimination of the nidus (if present) is the key to success. Among various embolosclerotherapy agents, ethanol sclerotherapy produces the best long-term outcomes, with minimal complications. For more complex cases, multidisciplinary approaches and interventions may provide an excellent potential for a curative result. Based on the published literature and clinical experiences, a practical treatment guideline was established in order to provide a criterion for the management of oral and maxillofacial AVMs. This protocol will be renewed and updated to reflect cutting edge knowledge, and provide the newest treatment modalities for oral and maxillofacial AVMs.

[Analysis of publications from 93 issues of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology over 20 years].

PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristic of articles published in Shanghai Journal of Stomatology from 1992 to 2011,to provide some references for future development. METHODS: By using bibliometric method,20 volumes and 93 issues of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology were searched and analyzed.The publication and pages,the type and number of articles, the distribution of subjects,the ratio of grant-supported paper,the first authors' local distributions and institutions,the total citation,impact factor and cited rate were recorded and subject to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The total number of articles published in Shanghai Journal of Stomatology was 2513 over 20 years, with 7 types and 11 subjects,169 papers(6.72%) supported by national natural science foundation of China. The total number of papers of top 10 distributions and institutions of the first authors was 2305 and 1394,respectively. The total citations impact factor and ranking have increased steadily over years, and the cited rate remained at a higher level. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of Shanghai Journal of Stomatology is increasing year by year.It is an excellent academic journal with strong impact and is one of the most important sources in stomatology in China.

Current undergraduate and postgraduate dental education in China.

China is a developing country with the largest population of any country in the world. The 2010 sixth national census found that China's population was 1,339,724,852, accounting for about 19 percent of the world's total population. However, higher education in the Chinese dental field started late and developed slowly. In order to acquaint more dental educators worldwide about China's current higher dental education system, this article provides a brief introduction to the present education system, degrees conferred, curriculum setting, training mode, teaching materials, courses, and academic journals.

[Current challenges and reforms for dental education in the United States of America].

American dental education development has been more mature from both the breadth and depth up to date. But there are some challenges and problems needing to be solved. These challenges include :attracting the best students into dental schools; maintaining high academic standards through the continuous training and development of new faculty; and improving dental curriculum, teaching methods, and assessing outcomes, in order to meet present and future public health care needs, and to incorporate new scientific developments into dental practice. This article was aimed to provide a reference for dental education reform in China by delivering the problems faced by the American Dental Education.

Case-based learning in clinical courses in a Chinese college of stomatology.

As a medical approach to posing contextualized questions that are based on real-life clinical problems, case-based learning (CBL) is used to stimulate and underpin the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes through clinical cases. Good effects were acquired in the practice of CBL teaching in English applied by the College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Responses from both students and teachers reflected that this course approach won their high acceptance and was worthy of use in selected stomatological courses.