DNA-Directed Assembly of Hierarchical MOF-Cellulose Nanofiber Microbioreactors with "Branch-Fruit" Structures.

Assembling metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into ordered multidimensional porous superstructures promises the encapsulation of enzymes for heterogeneous biocatalysts. However, the full potential of this approach has been limited by the poor stability of enzymes and the uncontrolled assembly of MOF nanoparticles onto suitable supports. In this study, a novel and exceptionally robust Ni-imidazole-based MOF was synthesized in water at room temperature, enabling in situ enzyme encapsulation. Based on this MOF platform, we developed a DNA-directed assembly strategy to achieve the uniform placement of MOF nanoparticles onto bacterial cellulose nanofibers, resulting in a distinctive "branch-fruit" structure. The resulting hybrid materials demonstrated remarkable versatility across various catalytic systems, accommodating natural enzymes, nanoenzymes, and multienzyme cascades, thus showcasing enormous potential as universal microbioreactors. Furthermore, the hierarchical composites facilitated rapid diffusion of the bulky substrate while maintaining the enzyme stability, with ∼3.5-fold higher relative activity compared to the traditional enzyme@MOF immobilized in bacterial cellulose nanofibers.

Zwitterionic Biomaterials.

The term "zwitterionic polymers" refers to polymers that bear a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units. When these oppositely charged groups are equally distributed at the molecular level, the molecules exhibit an overall neutral charge with a strong hydration effect via ionic solvation. The strong hydration effect constitutes the foundation of a series of exceptional properties of zwitterionic materials, including resistance to protein adsorption, lubrication at interfaces, promotion of protein stabilities, antifreezing in solutions, etc. As a result, zwitterionic materials have drawn great attention in biomedical and engineering applications in recent years. In this review, we give a comprehensive and panoramic overview of zwitterionic materials, covering the fundamentals of hydration and nonfouling behaviors, different types of zwitterionic surfaces and polymers, and their biomedical applications.

A loosened gating mechanism of RIG-I leads to autoimmune disorders.

DDX58 encodes RIG-I, a cytosolic RNA sensor that ensures immune surveillance of nonself RNAs. Individuals with RIG-IE510V and RIG-IQ517H mutations have increased susceptibility to Singleton-Merten syndrome (SMS) defects, resulting in tissue-specific (mild) and classic (severe) phenotypes. The coupling between RNA recognition and conformational changes is central to RIG-I RNA proofreading, but the molecular determinants leading to dissociated disease phenotypes remain unknown. Herein, we employed hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and single molecule magnetic tweezers (MT) to precisely examine how subtle conformational changes in the helicase insertion domain (HEL2i) promote impaired ATPase and erroneous RNA proofreading activities. We showed that the mutations cause a loosened latch-gate engagement in apo RIG-I, which in turn gradually dampens its self RNA (Cap2 moiety:m7G cap and N1-2-2'-O-methylation RNA) proofreading ability, leading to increased immunopathy. These results reveal HEL2i as a unique checkpoint directing two specialized functions, i.e. stabilizing the CARD2-HEL2i interface and gating the helicase from incoming self RNAs; thus, these findings add new insights into the role of HEL2i in the control of antiviral innate immunity and autoimmunity diseases.

Comparison of treatment effects between clear aligners and fixed appliances in patients treated with miniscrew-assisted molar distalization.

OBJECTIVES: The biomechanics in achieving molar distalization may differ between fixed appliances and clear aligners in the control of tooth movement. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment effects between clear aligners (CA) and fixed appliances (FA) in patients treated with miniscrew-assisted molar distalization. METHODS: The sample consisted of 46 subjects with mild-to-moderate crowding. A total of 22 patients treated with clear aligners (age, 25.66 ±â€…6.11 years old) and 24 patients treated with fixed appliances (age, 24.04 ±â€…4.95 years old) for miniscrew-assisted molar distalization were included in this study. The dental and skeletal changes were evaluated by the pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms. RESULTS: Significant changes were found with the vertical variables SN-OP angle (2.24 ±â€…3.22°, P < .05) and SN-MP angle (0.73 ±â€…1.15°, P < .05) for the FA group when compared with the CA group (SN-OP angle 0.41 ±â€…2.26° and SN-MP angle -0.21 ±â€…1.38°, P > .05). Both treatment groups achieved a 2-3 mm. molar distalization with significant intrusion of the upper molars. The CA group showed significantly less distal tipping of molars (U6^PP angle -2.29 ±â€…3.29° and L6^MP angle -2.92 ±â€…2.49°, P < .05) compared to the FA group (-5.24 ±â€…4.28° and -5.53 ±â€…5.03°, P < .05). In addition, significant retraction and lingual inclination of the upper and lower incisors were found in both groups. LIMITATIONS: The changes of tooth position were evaluated by 2D lateral cephalograms, not 3D measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to fixed appliances, clear aligners seemed to have better control of vertical dimension and distal tipping of molars in patients treated with miniscrew-assisted molar distalization.

Crystal structure of the Rubella virus protease reveals a unique papain-like protease fold.

Rubella, a viral disease characterized by a red skin rash, is well controlled because of an effective vaccine, but outbreaks are still occurring in the absence of available antiviral treatments. The Rubella virus (RUBV) papain-like protease (RubPro) is crucial for RUBV replication, cleaving the nonstructural polyprotein p200 into two multifunctional proteins, p150 and p90. This protease could represent a potential drug target, but structural and mechanistic details important for the inhibition of this enzyme are unclear. Here, we report a novel crystal structure of RubPro at a resolution of 1.64 Å. The RubPro adopts a unique papain-like protease fold, with a similar catalytic core to that of proteases from Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and foot-and-mouth disease virus while having a distinctive N-terminal fingers domain. RubPro has well-conserved sequence motifs that are also found in its newly discovered Rubivirus relatives. In addition, we show that the RubPro construct has protease activity in trans against a construct of RUBV protease-helicase and fluorogenic peptides. A protease-helicase construct, exogenously expressed in Escherichia coli, was also cleaved at the p150-p90 cleavage junction, demonstrating protease activity of the protease-helicase protein. We also demonstrate that RubPro possesses deubiquitylation activity, suggesting a potential role of RubPro in modulating the host's innate immune responses. We anticipate that these structural and functional insights of RubPro will advance our current understanding of its function and help facilitate more structure-based research into the RUBV replication machinery, in hopes of developing antiviral therapeutics against RUBV.

Dynamic characteristics and functional analysis provide new insights into the role of GauERF105 for resistance against Verticillium dahliae in cotton.

BACKGROUND: The cotton industry suffers significant yield losses annually due to Verticillium wilt, which is considered the most destructive disease affecting the crop. However, the precise mechanisms behind this disease in cotton remain largely unexplored. METHODS: Our approach involved utilizing transcriptome data from G. australe which was exposed to Verticillium dahliae infection. From this data, we identified ethylene-responsive factors and further investigated their potential role in resistance through functional validations via Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cotton and overexpression in Arabidopsis. RESULTS: A total of 23 ethylene response factors (ERFs) were identified and their expression was analyzed at different time intervals (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-inoculation). Among them, GauERF105 was selected based on qRT-PCR expression analysis for further investigation. To demonstrate the significance of GauERF105, VIGS was utilized, revealing that suppressing GauERF105 leads to more severe infections in cotton plants compared to the wild-type. Additionally, the silenced plants exhibited reduced lignin deposition in the stems compared to the WT plants, indicating that the silencing of GauERF105 also impacts lignin content. The overexpression of GauERF105 in Arabidopsis confirmed its pivotal role in conferring resistance against Verticillium dahliae infection. Our results suggest that WT possesses higher levels of the oxidative stress markers MDA and H2O2 as compared to the overexpressed lines. In contrast, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD were higher in the overexpressed lines compared to the WT. Furthermore, DAB and trypan staining of the overexpressed lines suggested a greater impact of the disease in the wild-type compared to the transgenic lines. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide confirmation that GauERF105 is a crucial candidate in the defense mechanism of cotton against Verticillium dahliae invasion, and plays a pivotal role in this process. These results have the potential to facilitate the development of germplasm resistance in cotton.

Effect of External Magnetic Field on Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells.

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) with a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device structure have incredible advantages, such as low-cost fabrication and flexibility. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BHJ PSCs needs to be further improved to realize their practical applications. In this study, boosted PCEs from PSCs based on BHJ composites incorporated with Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), aligned by an external magnetic field (EMF), are reported. It is found that the coercive electric field within the Fe3 O4 MNPs generated by the EMF has a strong and positive influence on the charge generation, which results in a more than 10% increase in free charge carriers. Moreover, the coercive electric field speeds up the charge carrier transport and suppresses charge carrier recombination within PSCs. In addition, a shortened extraction time makes charge carriers more likely to make it to the electrodes. As a result, more than 15% enhancement in PCE is observed from the PSCs based on the BHJ composite incorporated with the Fe3 O4 MNPs and the EMF as compared with that based on the BHJ composite thin film. This work indicates that the incorporation of MNPs and the EMF is a facile way to enhance the PCEs of PSCs.

Origins of the Photocurrent Multiplication Effect in the Polythiophene-Based Photodetectors.

The photocurrent multiplication (PM) effect has been used to boost the device performance of polymer-based photodetectors (PDs), but its origin is rarely addressed. In this study, the origins of the PM effect in polymer PDs based on the P3HT:PC71 BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composite thin film, where P3HT is poly(3-hexylthiophene), and PC71 BM is [6,6]phenyl-C71 -butyric acid methyl ester, through both computational simulation and experimental investigation are reported. Systematic studies indicate that two key factors play an important role in the realization of the PM effect in polymer PDs. One factor is the work function of the metal electrode, and the other is the PC71 BM aggregations at the interface between the P3HT:PC71 BM BHJ composite thin film and the metal electrode. Moreover, the results from both experimental and computational simulation indicate that the values of the current density under light illumination minus the current density in the dark of polymer PDs are increased simultaneously along with the reduction of the thickness of the P3HT:PC71 BM BHJ composite thin film. The results provide an understanding of the PM effect in polymer PDs and guidance for the development of high-performance polymer PDs based on BHJ composite thin film.

Reliability and Validity of the CLEFT-Q in a Chinese Context.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an appropriate Chinese version of the CLEFT-Q through translation and cultural adaptation and to evaluate its reliability and validity. DESIGN: The English CLEFT-Q was translated into Chinese following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines, including cognitive debriefing interviews, and its reliability and validity were assessed. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N = 246) were mostly in active orthodontic treatment, had a mean age of 14.7 ± 4.4 years, 29% were female, and were born with isolated cleft lip ± alveolus (12%), cleft palate (1%), or cleft lip and palate (87%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Chinese CLEFT-Q, including 13 subscales covering Appearance, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Facial Function. Criterion validity instruments included the Negative Physical Self, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience. RESULTS: The wording of 67 items was adapted in the final translation. The internal consistency of the Chinese version of the CLEFT-Q was high based on Cronbach's alphas of 0.85 to 0.98 and split-half reliability of 0.85 to 0.92. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded three factors, which demonstrated construct validity by broadly matching the structure of the original CLEFT-Q. The Appearance and HRQOL dimensions had weak to moderate correlations (r = -0.35 to 0.67) with the corresponding instruments for criterion validity. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the CLEFT-Q is a patient-reported outcome measure that can reflect the quality of life of Chinese patients with cleft lip and/or palate with good reliability and validity.

Formulating Zwitterionic, Responsive Polymers for Designing Smart Soils.

The design of new remediation strategies and materials for treating saline-alkaline soils is of fundamental and practical importantance for many applications. Conventional soil remediation strategies mainly focus on the development of fertilizers or additives for water, nutrient, and heavy metal managements in soils, but they often overlook a soil sensing function for early detection of salinization/alkalization levels toward optimal and timely soil remediation. Here, new smart soils, structurally consisting of the upper signal soil and the bottom hygroscopic bed and chemically including zwitterionic, thermo-responsive poly(NIPAM-co-VPES) and poly(NIPAM-co-SBAA) aerogels in each soil layer are formulated. Upon salinization, the resultant smart soils exhibit multiple superior capacities for reducing the soil salinity and alkalinity through ion exchange, controlling the water cycling, modulating the degradation of pyridine-base ligands into water-soluble, nitrogenous salts-rich ingredients for soil fertility, and real-time monitoring salinized soils via pH-induced allochroic color changes. Further studies of plant growth in smart soils with or without salinization treatments confirm a synergy effect of soil remediation and soil sensing on facilitating the growth of plants and increasing the saline-alkaline tolerance of plants. The esign concept of smart soils can be further expanded for soil remediation and assessment.

Effects of Malate Ringer's solution on myocardial injury in sepsis and enforcement effects of TPP@PAMAM-MR.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial dysfunction played a vital role in organ damage after sepsis. Fluid resuscitation was the essential treatment in which Lactate Ringer's solution (LR) was commonly used. Since LR easily led to hyperlactatemia, its resuscitation effect was limited. Malate Ringer's solution (MR) was a new resuscitation crystal liquid. Whether MR had a protective effect on myocardial injury in sepsis and the relevant mechanism need to be studied. METHODS: The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) inducing septic model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulating cardiomyocytes were used, and the cardiac function, the morphology and function of mitochondria were observed. The protective mechanism of MR on myocardial injury was explored by proteomics. Then the effects of TPP@PAMAM-MR, which consisted of the mitochondria- targeting polymer embodied malic acid, was further observed. RESULTS: Compared with LR, MR resuscitation significantly prolonged survival time, improved the cardiac function, alleviated the damages of liver, kidney and lung following sepsis in rats. The proteomics of myocardial tissue showed that differently expressed proteins between MR and LR infusion involved oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis. Further study found that MR decreased ROS, improved the mitochondrial morphology and function, and ultimately enhanced mitochondrial respiration and promoted ATP production. Moreover, MR infusion decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. TPP@PAMAM@MA was a polymer formed by wrapping L-malic acid with poly amido amine (PAMAM) modified triphenylphosphine material. TPP@PAMAM-MR (TPP-MR), which was synthesized by replacing the L-malic acid of MR with TPP@PAMAM@MA, was more efficient in targeting myocardial mitochondria and was superior to MR in protecting the sepsis-inducing myocardial injury. CONCLUSION: MR was suitable for protecting myocardial injury after sepsis. The mechanism was related to MR improving the function and morphology of cardiomyocyte mitochondria and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The protective effect of TPP-MR was superior to MR.

Power Generation from Moisture Fluctuations Using Polyvinyl Alcohol-Wrapped Dopamine/Polyvinylidene Difluoride Nanofibers.

Despite the boom in the water-triggered electric power generation technologies, few attempts have been made with a broader horizonyielding the electricity from sweat, which is of great value for low-power-consumption wearable electronics. Here, an electromechanical coupling and humidity-actuated two-in-one humidity actuator-driven piezoelectric generator (HAPG) are reported, that can yield continuous electric power from fluctuations in the ambient humidity. It is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-wrapped highly aligned dopamine (DA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) shell/core nanofibers (PVA@DA/PVDF NFs). As-received PVA@DA/PVDF NFs can exchange water with the ambient humidity to perform expansion and contraction and convert them into electric power. An all-fiber-based portable HAPG is fabricated and tested on human palm skin. The devices show high sensitivity and accuracy for converting the mental sweating-derived continuous moisture fluctuations into electric power. This electric power can be stored in capacitors, which is expected to power micro- and nano-electronic devices or be used in electrotherapy such as electrical stimulation to promote wound healing. Beyond this, the obtained voltage profiles exhibit unique features that can reflect the typical sweat damping oscillation curve features.

Fucoxanthin@Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanoparticles Promoted Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Caco-2 Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Fucoxanthin (FX), a natural carotenoid found in seaweed with multiple functional activities, is unstable with a poor water solubility that limits its utilization. This study aimed to improve FX's stability and bioavailability via the nano-encapsulation of FX in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated FX@PVP nanoparticles (NPs). The FX@PVP NPs were evaluated in terms of their morphology, stability, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and in vitro release to optimize the encapsulation parameters, and a 1:8 FX:PVP ratio was found to perform the best with the highest EE (85.50 ± 0.19%) and LC (10.68 ± 0.15%) and improved FX stability. In addition, the FX@PVP NPs were shown to effectively deliver FX into Caco-2 cancer cells, and the accumulation of FX in these cancer cells showed pro-oxidative activities to ameliorate H2O2-induced damage and cell death. The FX@PVP NPs could potentially become a new therapeutical approach for targeted cancer treatment.

Intensity-Modulated Polymer Optical Fiber-Based Refractive Index Sensor: A Review.

The simple and highly sensitive measurement of the refractive index (RI) of liquids is critical for designing the optical instruments and important in biochemical sensing applications. Intensity modulation-based polymer optical fiber (POF) RI sensors have a lot of advantages including low cost, easy fabrication and operation, good flexibility, and working in the visible wavelength. In this review, recent developments of the intensity modulation POF-based RI sensors are summarized. The materials of the POF and the working principle of intensity modulation are introduced briefly. Moreover, the RI sensing performance of POF sensors with different structures including tapered, bent, and side-polished structures, among others, are presented in detail. Finally, the sensing performance for different structures of POF-based RI sensors are compared and discussed.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Pharyngeal Airway Volume and Craniofacial Morphology in Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the correlations between the craniofacial morphology and pharyngeal airway volume in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven patients with complete BCLP and 27 class I control patients, aged 10 to 14 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The pharyngeal airway volume and craniofacial morphology were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. Measurements were compared between groups and any correlations were identified. RESULTS: A significantly smaller total pharyngeal airway volume (TPV), oropharyngeal airway volume, and upper (UOPV) and lower (LOPV) oropharyngeal airway volume were found in patients with BCLP than in class I control patients, with no difference in the nasopharyngeal volume between groups. Furthermore, the craniofacial morphology measurements of N-Me, S-Go, Or-C, Ptm-C, Me-C, Co-Go, Go-Me, Ptm-Or, N-S-Ar, and Ar-Go-Me significantly differed between the BCLP and control groups (all P < .05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that Ptm-C and Me-C; Ptm-C, Or-C, and Me-C; and Me-C explained 20.3%, 38.9%, and 17.1% of the variations in TPV (P = .025), UOPV (P = .002), and LOPV (P = .018), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Total pharyngeal airway volume, TPV, OPV, UOPV, and LOPV were significantly smaller in patients with BCLP than in class I controls. In patients with BCLP, the maxilla showed inhibited sagittal development and a retrograde position; moreover, the pharyngeal airway volume was weakly associated with the position of the maxilla and mandible relative to the coronal plane.

Tailoring Kidney Transport of Organic Dyes with Low-Molecular-Weight PEGylation.

Subtle changes in size can induce distinct responses of the body to hard nanomaterials; however, it is largely unknown whether just a few ethylene oxide unit differences in soft poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules could significantly alter the renal clearance of small molecules. By systematically investigating in vivo transport of the representative renal clearable organic dyes, IRDye800CW after being conjugated with a series of PEG molecules with molecular weight (MW) below 10 kDa, we found a MW-dependent scaling law: PEG45 (MW = 2100 Da) is an optimized MW to generate the most efficient renal clearance for IRDye800CW by expediting the glomerular filtration of organic dyes and reducing their nonspecific interactions with background tissue. Moreover, the uniqueness of PEG45 can be generalized to other organic dyes such as ZW800-1 and fluorescein. This finding highlights the importance of low-MW PEGylation in tailoring in vivo transport of organic fluorophores, which would broaden their biomedical applications.

Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization of Itaconates and Self-Assemblies of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers.

Organocatalyzed living radical polymerizations of itaconates are studied, yielding low-dispersity linear and star polymers (D = Mw /Mn = 1.28-1.46) up to Mn = 20 000 and monomer conversion = 62%, where Mn and Mw are the number- and weight-average molar masses, respectively. The block polymerization with functional methacrylates, an acrylate, and styrene yields various rod-coil block copolymers. Linear A-B diblock, linear B-A-B triblock, and 3-arm star A-B diblock copolymers generate spherical micelles (nanoparticles) and vesicles (nanocapsules), depending on the polymer structures. Itaconates can be derived from bioresources, and thus the obtained polymers may serve as green polymers. Because of the biocompatibility of polyitaconates, the assemblies may serve as biocompatible nanocarriers.

Synthesis of ABC Miktoarm Star Copolymers via Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization.

ABC-type miktoarm star copolymers are synthesized using a single living radical polymerization (organocatalyzed living radical polymerization) via a "combinatorial" approach. The arm A is poly(butyl acrylate), the arm B is poly(methyl methacrylate), and the arm C encompasses hydrophobic and hydrophilic polyacrylates. A poly(butyl acrylate) with a vinyl chain end (macromonomer) is synthesized. A poly(methyl methacrylate) is subsequently connected to the reactive vinyl group to generate diblock copolymer. From the junction of the diblock copolymer, polymer C grew to yield star copolymers. An amphiphilic star copolymer is also synthesized, and its self-assembly structure is studied in an aqueous solution.

Novel Three-Dimensional Coordinate System to Analyze Alveolar Molding Effects of Pre-Surgical Nasoalveolar Molding on Infants With Non-Syndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

The aim of this study is to establish a stable 3-dimensional (3D) coordinate system for investigating the alveolar molding effects of pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) on non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients, basing on the Frankfort Horizontal (FH) plane.Twenty-one non-syndromic UCLP neonates who sought medical advice in the department of Orthodontics, from 2016.5 to 2017.10 were enrolled in the present study. All neonates were subjected to PNAM before the cleft lip repair. The treatment duration was 75.76 days. Silicone rubber models were obtained and scanned using a 3D laser scanner pre- and post-PNAM treatment. A 3D coordinate system based on the FH reference plane was built utilizing Rhino3D software to record the landmark 3D coordinates, to measure the distance, angle, and length variables. The Paired Student's t test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to calculate reproducibility and reliability of the landmark localization for repeated measurements. Changes of the measurement variables were analyzed by the Paired Student's t test.This study revealed a high reproducibility and reliability for most of the landmarks. By the end of PNAM treatment, the cleft gap was reduced with the malformation of alveolar segments aligned normally and the anterior points of both alveolar segments were rotated to the cleft side.Utilizing the FH plane to set up a rigorous and stable 3D system is meaningful. PNAM therapy is effective in reducing the severity of the maxillary deformity not only on the non-cleft side, but also on the cleft side.

Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles.

Phlorotannins are a group of major polyphenol secondary metabolites found only in brown algae and are known for their bioactivities and multiple health benefits. However, they can be oxidized due to external factors and their bioavailability is low due to their low water solubility. In this study, the potential of utilizing nanoencapsulation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to improve various activities of phlorotannins was explored. Phlorotannins encapsulated by PVP nanoparticles (PPNPS) with different loading ratios were prepared for characterization. Then, the PPNPS were evaluated for in vitro controlled release of phlorotannin, toxicity and antioxidant activities at the ratio of phlorotannin to PVP 1:8. The results indicated that the PPNPS showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phlorotannin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, they were non-toxic to HaCaT keratinocytes and they could reduce the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, PPNPS have the potential to be a useful platform for the utilization of phlorotannin in both pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.