Sex differences in the association between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured body composition and periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: A positive association between obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis has been reported. Fat tissue-related systemic inflammation acts as the link to periodontal comorbidities of obesity. However, the BMI is unable to distinguish fat and fat-free tissues. More precise measures are required to evaluate body composition, including fat and fat-free tissues. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in the association between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured body composition (i.e., fat mass and muscle mass) and phenotypes with periodontitis. METHODS: Cross-sectional data of 3892 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study 2011‒2014 were analyzed. Adiposity indices (fat mass index [FMI] and percentage body fat [%BF]) and muscle mass index (MMI) were calculated. The participants were categorized by the quintiles of FMI, MMI, and %BF. Body composition phenotypes were categorized as: low adiposity-low muscle (LA-LM), low adiposity-high muscle (LA-HM), high adiposity-low muscle (HA-LM), or high adiposity-high muscle (HA-HM), respectively. Periodontitis was defined by the CDC/AAP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology) criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, stratified by sex. We further adjusted for white blood cell (WBC) counts in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Restricted cubic splines revealed non-linear associations between body composition indices and periodontitis risk. Women with a higher FMI (odds ratio for Q5 vs. Q1 [ORQ5vs1] = 1.787, 95% confidence interval: 1.209-2.640) or %BF (ORQ5vs1 = 2.221, 1.509-3.268) had increased odds of periodontitis. In addition, women with HA-LM phenotype were more likely to develop periodontitis (OR = 1.528, 1.037-2.252). Interestingly, the WBC count, a systemic inflammatory biomarker, attenuated these associations. No statistically significant associations were found in men. CONCLUSIONS: The association between DXA-measured body composition and phenotypes with periodontitis differs per sex. Only in women higher adiposity indices and HA-LM phenotype were associated with an increased risk of periodontitis.

Predictive factors for the treatment success of peri-implantitis: a protocol for a prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Peri-implantitis, a common biological complication of dental implant, has attracted considerable attention due to its increasing prevalence and limited treatment efficacy. Previous studies have reported several risk factors associated with the onset of peri-implantitis (eg, history of periodontitis, poor plaque control and smoking). However, inadequate data are available on the association between these risk factors and successful outcome after peri-implantitis therapy. This prospective cohort study aims to identify the local and systemic predictive factors for the treatment success of peri-implantitis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-centre cohort study will be conducted by recruiting 275 patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Sociodemographic variables, healthy lifestyles and systemic disorders will be obtained using questionnaires. In addition, clinical and radiographic examinations will be conducted at baseline and follow-up visits. Treatment success is defined as no bleeding on probing on more than one point, no suppuration, no further marginal bone loss (≥0.5 mm) and probing pocket depth ≤5 mm at the 12-month follow-up interval. After adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic status, potential prognostic factors related to treatment success will be identified using multivariable logistic regression models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This cohort study in its current version (2.0, 15 July 2022) is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (EC-CT-(2022)34). The publication will be on behalf of the study site. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200066262.

Influence of P(VDF-TrFE) Membranes with Different Surface Potentials on the Activity and Angiogenic Function of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

During bone tissue regeneration, neovascularization is critical, and the formation of a blood supply network is crucial for bone growth stimulation and remodeling. Previous studies suggest that bioelectric signals facilitate the process of angiogenesis. Owing to their biomimetic electroactivity, piezoelectric membranes have garnered substantial interest in the field of guided bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the knowledge of their influence due to varying surface potentials on the progression of angiogenesis remains ambiguous. Therefore, we proposed the preparation of an electroactive material, P(VDF-TrFE), and investigated its effects on the activity and angiogenic functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The HUVECs were directly cultured on P(VDF-TrFE) membranes with different surface potentials. Subsequently, cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation, and expressions of related factors were assessed through appropriate assays. Our results revealed that the negative surface potential groups exerted differential effects on the modulation of angiogenesis in vitro. The P(VDF-TrFE) membranes with negative surface potential exhibited the greatest effect on cellular behaviors, including proliferation, migration, tube formation, and promotion of angiogenesis by releasing key factors such as VEGF-A and CD31. Overall, these results indicated that the surface potential of piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) membranes could exert differential effects on angiogenesis in vitro. We present a novel approach for designing bioactive materials for guided bone regeneration.

Serum Antioxidant Vitamins Mediate the Association between Periodontitis and Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obesity.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether serum antioxidant vitamins could mediate the association between periodontitis and a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the overweight and obese population; Methods: We included 6158 Americans (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Periodontitis was defined using a half-reduced CDC/AAP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology) definition. Having two or more metabolic abnormalities was defined as a metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese (MUO) phenotype. Mediation analysis of four oxidative stress biomarkers (serum antioxidant vitamins A, C, D, and E) was conducted; Results: Of participants with overweight and obesity, 2052 (33.3%) Americans were categorized as having periodontitis. Periodontitis increased dyslipidemia risk and systemic inflammation in the overweight and obese population. In the multivariable logistic regression model, periodontitis was positively associated with MUO (adjusted odds ratio = 1.238; 95% confidence interval: 1.091 to 1.406). These findings were validated in an independent cohort. Serum vitamins C and D were estimated to mediate 19.3% and 8.4% of the periodontitis-MUO association. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis might decrease serum vitamins C and D and induce a metabolically unhealthy state among adults with overweight and obesity.

Janus electro-microenvironment membrane with surface-selective osteogenesis/gingival healing ability for guided bone regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration is widely applied in clinical practice to treat alveolar bone defects. However, the rate of healing of severe alveolar bone defects is slow, and there is a high incidence of soft tissue wound dehiscence. In this study, we propose a barrier membrane with a Janus electro-microenvironment (JEM) to achieve side-selective bone regeneration and soft tissue healing. The JEM membrane was constructed using a polarized polyvinylidene fluoride ferroelectric membrane with different surface potentials on either side. It promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration on the negatively polarized side (JEM-) and soft tissue regeneration on the positively polarized side (JEM+). Further investigation revealed that the JEM-mediated promotion of bone formation was related to mitochondrial autophagy, as indicated by depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of LC3, Pink I, and Parkin. Moreover, the gingival healing promoted by JEM+ was related to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, as indicated by the upregulation of mitochondrial complexes I-V and an increase in ATP generation. The design concept of the JEM provides a new avenue for regulating tissue regeneration between different tissue interfaces.