Can Perceivers Differentiate Intense Facial Expressions? Eye Movement Patterns.

Recent research on intense real-life faces has shown that although there was an objective difference in facial activities between intense winning faces and losing faces, viewers failed to differentiate the valence of such expressions. In the present study, we explored whether participants could perceive the difference between intense positive facial expressions and intense negative facial expressions in a forced-choice response task using eye-tracking techniques. Behavioral results showed that the recognition accuracy rate for intense facial expressions was significantly above the chance level. For eye-movement patterns, the results indicated that participants gazed more and longer toward the upper facial region (eyes) than the lower region (mouth) for intense losing faces. However, the gaze patterns were reversed for intense winning faces. The eye movement pattern for successful differentiation trials did not differ from failed differentiation trials. These findings provided preliminary evidence that viewers can utilize intense facial expression information and perceive the difference between intense winning faces and intense losing faces produced by tennis players in a forced-choice response task.

Functional Macromolecular Adhesives for Bone Fracture Healing.

Compared with traditional internal fixation devices, bone adhesives are expected to exhibit remarkable advantages, such as improved fixation of comminuted fractures and maintained spatial location of fractured scattered bone pieces in treating bone injuries. In this review, different bone adhesives are summarized from the aspects of bone tissue engineering, and the applications of bone adhesives are emphasized. The concepts of "liquid scaffold" and "liquid plate" are proposed to summarize two different research directions of bone adhesives. Furthermore, significant advances of bone adhesives in recent years in mechanical strength, osseointegration, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity are discussed. We conclude this topic by providing perspectives on the state-of-the-art research progress and future development trends of bone adhesives. We hope this review will provide a comprehensive summary of bone adhesives and inspire more extensive and in-depth research on this subject.

Electrospun Polylactide-Nano-HydroxyapatiteVancomycin Composite Scaffolds for Advanced Osteomyelitis Therapy.

The development of effective treatment for the infection and bone defect resulting from advanced osteomyelitis is an urgent task in the orthopedic clinic. To simultaneously address the issues of infection and bone defect, the multifunctional electrospun scaffolds composed of polylactide (PLA), nano-hydroxyapatite-graft-polylactide (nHA-g-PLA), and antibiotic vancomycin (VAN) were developed for the treatment of advanced osteomyelitis in the present study. The composite scaffolds PLA/nHA/VAN could sustainably release VAN and exhibited excellent antibacterial activity toward S. aureus. The rough surface of PLA/nHA/VAN induced by the presence of nHA-g-PLA promoted the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. More interestingly, PLA/nHA/VAN, especially PLA/nHA10/VAN8, reduced bone infections and boosted bone regeneration at the defect site with better outcomes than other treatment groups. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated to be highly effective for the treatment of osteomyelitis using the scaffolds with sustained release properties, which has great potential for real application in the orthopedic clinic.