The evolution of bonding in orthodontics.

In the early days of fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment, brackets were welded to gold or stainless steel bands. Before treatment, the orthodontist had to create enough space around each tooth to accommodate the bands, and then those spaces had to be closed at the end of treatment, when the bands were removed. This was time-consuming for the orthodontist and uncomfortable for the patient. Banded appliances frequently caused gingival trauma when fitted, and decalcification could occur under the band. In the mid-1960s, Dr George Newman, an orthodontist in Orange, New Jersey, and Professor Fujio Miura, chair of the Department of Orthodontics at Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Japan, pioneered the bonding of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Many developments have occurred in the decades that followed, including many new adhesives, sophisticated base designs, new bracket materials, faster or more efficient curing methods, self-etching primers, fluoride-releasing agents, and sealants. The purpose of this article is to review the history of orthodontic bonding, especially the materials used in the bonding process.

[Publications related to dental materials in all the volumes of the journal Fogorvosi Szemle]. / Az anyagtannal összefüggô közlemények a Fogorvosi Szemle eddig megjelent évfolyamaiban.

Among all the publications of the hundred-years-old Fogorvosi Szemle, there are only a few that deal with dental materials relative to other areas of dentistry. However, even this small number of articles reveals the change and advancement of dental materials and technologies.

[Descriptive and technical study of dental inlays in pre-Colombian Mexico]. / Etude descriptive et approche technique des incrustations dentaires dans le Mexique Precolombien.

The authors presents, in this paper, a study on dental inlays among Mexican pre-Colombians. To begin with, from the study sources, systematization, classification and some characteristics were extracted, being the best method for later being able to study the descriptive and technical aspects of these inlays while insisting on the quality of the cement used.

[Evolution of orthodontic appliances from 1728 to 2007. Inaugural Conference of the 79th Scientific Meeting of the SFODF at Versailles, 31 May 2007]. / L'évolution des appareils orthodontiques de 1728 à 2007. Conférence inaugurale de la 79ème réunion scientifique de la SFODF à Versailles, le 31 mai 2007.

The nature of orthodontic appliances depends, in part, on the development of therapeutic ideas and also on the materials and techniques that are available to practitioners. The first mechanisms appeared in 1728; they were attached to teeth by ligatures. Removable appliances, made of metal, ivory and, later, vulcanite developed as soon as practitioners became capable of taking reliable impressions, an epoch that began in 1840. A multiplicity of fixed appliances was introduced after the invention of a dental cement that could be used to attach them to teeth in 1871. But even before that, in 1860, dentists had begun to modify the form and the position of basal bone and to construct intra- and extra-oral appliances to accomplish this. And it wasn't until 1916 that Angle introduced the first bracket that allowed orthodontists to apply a couple of forces to teeth. For the most part, a new appliance didn't replace an older one. It was simply added to the armamentarium, which explains why we now have such a great diversity of systems at our disposal, and the imprecision of the indications for the use of many of them.

[Compositional analysis of two metal crowns and its cements unearthed from a Ming Dynasty grave in China by SEM].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prosthodontic level of our country in Ming Dynasty (from A. D. 1368 to A. D. 1644) and provide our courtry's history of stomatological development with some details. METHODS: By means of range estimation and SEM, the structure and shape of the metal crowns on the two human teeth which were unearthed from a Ming Dynasty grave, numbered 0754/0046 and stored in Wujin museum of Jiangsu province, as well as the compositions of the crowns and its cements were examined and analysed preliminarily. RESULTS: The two teeth looked like upper anterior teeth and no marks of preparations were observed. The golden-yellow metal crowns might have been hammered and welded into shape. The spectrum analysis of SEM showed the crowns were made from gold-copper alloy and the cements contains Zinc. CONCLUSION: The defects of teeth could have been restored with extra-hard gold-copper alloy and cement luting materials during A. D. 1500-1600 in China.