Early evidence of implementation of District Residency Programme: experiences and challenges of residents in Rajasthan, India.

BACKGROUND: District Residency Programme (DRP) was introduced by National Medical Commission as mandatory three-months training program for postgraduate residents. The program was for the first time implemented in April 2023 in Rajasthan. However, it ran into several teething problems, especially for residents. With a lack of any precedence, this study was planned to explore experiences and challenges of residents posted in DRP. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 DRP sites attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur between August-October 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from residents who had completed DRP. Questions were scored on a five-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to show association. RESULTS: Only around 17% residents felt that the learning objectives of DRP were fulfilled and nearly 60% residents felt isolated from academic activities and parent department. Over half of the residents were never posted with their concerned specialty services. Around four-fifth residents felt concerned about safety at least sometimes and more than three-fourth residents were dissatisfied with basic amenities. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests showed significant association of gender and specialisation strata with multiple outcome variables. CONCLUSION: The study finds high degree of dissatisfaction among residents towards learning objectives, academic learning, and basic amenities during DRP. There was also a clear lack of specialty-exposure and high concerns of safety, especially for female residents. The study findings should alarm and inform policymakers and administrators to improve DRP implementation so as to better achieve laid objectives.

A Snapshot on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident Scholarly Activity: Can We Do Better?

BACKGROUND: The Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) requires oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents to engage in scholarly activity. Currently, it is unknown how this mandate translates into research output. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the research output of OMS residents. In addition, we sought to identify characteristics associated with resident productivity. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study of all OMS residents during the 2021-2022 academic year. Attempts were made to obtain resident rosters from every CODA-accredited OMS program. Resident names were searched in PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) to identify peer-reviewed publications. Postgraduate year (PGY), program name, and total publication count during residency were recorded for each resident. Academic status and fellowship affiliation of the residency program were also included. PREDICTOR/EXPOSURE/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The primary predictor was PGY level of each resident. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The main outcome variable was the publication count of each OMS resident during the 2021-2022 academic year. COVARIATES: The covariates were the academic status and the fellowship affiliation of the residency program. A program was determined academic if they were associated with a dental or medical school. A program was determined fellowship associated if they had any CODA approved fellowship. ANALYSES: Simple bivariate comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Complete resident rosters were identified for 87 residency programs. One thousand one hundred thirty two residents were queried and a total of 548 peer-reviewed publications were identified. There was a mean of 6.30 publications per program and 0.43 publications per resident. More than half of all residents had no identifiable publication. PGY5 residents averaged the most publications per resident (1.45) followed by PGY6 (1.04) and PGY4 (0.63). Academic programs had significantly more publications per resident than nonacademic programs (median of 3.00 vs 0.00, P = .02). Programs with a fellowship association also had more publications per resident (median of 5.00 vs 2.00, P < .01). CONCLUSION: Current CODA research requirements do not translate into resident publications. Publication counts appeared to slightly increase with PGY level; however, OMS resident productivity still lags far behind that of other surgical subspecialties.

Assessment of suturing and scaling skills of periodontology and oral medicine residents by OSATS method: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Updating the method for evaluating suturing and scaling skills in dental education has attracted relatively little attention and there is no consensus to what should be assessed and how. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) method for these two basic skills, the possible association between the scores and demographic factors, and the level of satisfaction of residents with this method. METHODS: All six periodontics and three oral medicine residents were recruited by census method and video-recorded while performing a simple interrupted suture, a figure eight suture and scaling on a model. Then, the videos were evaluated independently via a checklist and a global rating scale (GRS) by two expert raters. Agreement between raters and residents' satisfaction were evaluated. Correlation between demographic factors of participants and scores was also assessed. T-test and linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the scores based on the views of the two raters for each of the checklist (ICC = 0.99, CI = 0.96-0.99, P < 0.001) and GRS (ICC = 0.97, CI = 0.86-0.99, P < 0.001). Linear regression showed no correlation between gender and scores but periodontics major and higher year of education showed correlation with higher scores. CONCLUSION: Considering the excellent agreement between raters in using both the checklist and GRS components of OSATS, and satisfaction of 88% the residents with this method, it seems to be able to provide a reliable assessment.

Changes in Subspecialty Interest of Plastic Surgery Residents With Progression of Training: Impact on Academic Attrition.

BACKGROUND: Plastic surgery residency applicants often express interest in academic subspecialties, but only a small percentage of graduating residents pursue academic careers. Identifying reasons for academic attrition may help training programs address this discrepancy. METHODS: A survey was sent to plastic surgery residents through the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Council to assess interest in 6 plastic surgery subspecialties during junior and senior years of training. If a resident changed their subspecialty interest, the reasons for change were recorded. The importance of different career incentives over time were analyzed with paired t tests. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-six plastic surgery residents of 593 potential respondents (46.5% response rate) completed the survey. Of 150 senior residents, 60 residents reported changing interests from their junior to senior years. Craniofacial and microsurgery were identified as the specialties with the highest attrition of interest, while interest in esthetic, gender-affirmation, and hand surgery increased. For residents who left craniofacial and microsurgery, the desire for higher compensation, to work in private practice, and the desire for improved job opportunities significantly increased. The desire for improved work/life balance was a prominent reason for subspecialty change among senior residents who changed to esthetic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic surgery subspecialties associated with academia, such as craniofacial surgery, suffer from resident attrition due to a variety of factors. Increased retention of trainees in craniofacial surgery, microsurgery, and academia could be improved through dedicated mentorship, improved job opportunities, and advocacy for fair reimbursement.

Trends in the Sports Medicine Match: An Analysis of the National Resident Matching Program Data from 2010 to 2021.

ABSTRACT: Sports medicine (SM) fellowship training has become popular among residents. Thus, an analysis was undertaken to assess data on matching rates from 2010 to 2021. The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in SM fellowship applications using National Resident Matching Program data. Retrospective study with analysis of applicants applying into accredited SM fellowships between 2010 and 2021. The number of accredited programs and fellowship positions have more than doubled from 2010 to 2021. There was a significant increase in match rates over time (P < 0.001); match rates were at 70% or below prior to 2015 and above 70% after 2015. The average number of applicants per position stayed consistent. The number of Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine applicants increased 110% whereas the number of U.S. born foreign and non-U.S. citizen applicants decreased 20.8%. SM fellowship training has increased since 2010. Acceptance rates and number of applicants have increased over time because of the growth in fellowship programs and accredited positions.

Sports Medicine Curricular Recommendations for Undergraduate Medical Education.

ABSTRACT: Sports medicine is a unique field encompassing many specialties and aspects of medicine. While musculoskeletal medicine is a significant aspect of sports medicine, the breadth of sports medicine extends beyond the musculoskeletal system and includes the spectrum of care for the patient who is or desires to be physically active. This article provides recommendations for sports medicine education in undergraduate medical education. The framework highlighting these recommendations uses domains of competence. Entrustable professional activities, measures that are endorsed by the Association of American Medical Colleges, were matched to domains of competence to provide objective markers of achievement. In addition to recommended sports medicine educational content, there should be consideration of both methods of assessment and implementation catered to each individual institution's needs and resources. These recommendations may serve as a guide for medical educators and institutions pursing optimization of sports medicine education.

Training and Practice Settings of Physicians Dual-Certified in Emergency and Sports Medicine.

ABSTRACT: Survey study of training and practice paradigms and job satisfaction of dual-boarded emergency medicine (EM) and sports medicine (SM) physicians. The REDCap survey was sent to 193 American Board of EM members who hold a Certificate of Added Qualification in SM. A total of 124 EM/SM physicians responded (67.5% male). More than 70% completed three-year residencies while only 28.5% had an EM/SM residency faculty. One-quarter delayed fellowship after residency 6.45 years on average. Regarding their first job after fellowship, 27.6% practiced only EM, 54.5% practiced both EM and SM, and 12.2% practiced only SM. Regarding their current job, 29.1% practice only EM. 47.3% practice both EM and SM, and 20.9% practice only SM. Only 13.9% and 9.9% indicated they are unhappy with their first job and current job, respectively. There is significant variability in practice settings for EM/SM physicians with the overwhelming majority being happy with their career choices.

Identifying Strategies for Struggling Surgery Residents.

BACKGROUND: Struggling residents are not uncommon in general surgery. Early identification of these residents and effective remediation remain imperfect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a survey of program directors (PD) across all general surgery residencies. Survey questions included the following: demographic information about the program and PD, 10 vignettes about hypothetical residents struggling in various ACGME milestones to assess how PDs would address these deficiencies, and self-reported PD preparedness and availability of resources to support struggling residents. RESULTS: In total, we received 82 responses to our survey. All PDs who participated in our study reported having struggling residents in their program. The three most common ways struggling residents are identified were faculty word-of-mouth, formal evaluations such as milestones and ABSITE performance, and resident word-of-mouth. Over 18% of PDs reported having little to no relevant training in addressing the needs of a struggling resident, and 65.9% of PDs did not feel that their program had 'completely adequate' resources to address these needs. In the majority of cases, PDs offer mentorship with themselves or other faculty as a remediation strategy with infrequent use of other resources. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to identify struggling residents and remediation strategies varied widely across programs. Diversifying remediation approaches should be considered for more effective remediation.

Trends of core versus subspecialty operative procedures completed in general surgery residency training programs.

INTRODUCTION: General surgery residency involves performing subspecialty procedures in addition to the core general procedures. However, the proportion of core general surgery versus subspecialty procedures during training is variable and its temporal changes are unknown. The goal of our study was to assess the current trends in core general surgery and subspecialty procedure distributions during general surgery residency training. METHODS: Data were collected from the ACGME core general surgery national resident available report case logs from 2007 to 2019. Descriptive and time series analyses were used to compare proportions of average procedures performed per resident in the core general surgery category versus the subspecialty category. F-tests were conducted to show whether the slopes of the trend lines were significantly non-zero. RESULTS: The mean of total procedures completed for major credit by the average general surgery resident increased from 910.1 (SD=30.31) in 2007 to 1070.5 (SD=37.59) in 2019. Over that same period, the number of general, cardiothoracic, plastic and urology surgery procedures increased by 24.9%, 9.8%, 76.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Conversely, vascular and paediatric surgery procedures decreased by 7.6% and 30.7%, respectively. The neurological surgery procedures remain stable at 1.1 procedures per resident per year. A significant positive correlation in the trend reflecting total (p<0.0001), general (p<0.0001) and plastic (p<0.0016) surgery procedures and the negative correlation in the trend lines for vascular (p<0.0006) and paediatric (p<0.0001) surgery procedures were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: Trends in overall surgical case volume performed by general surgery residents over the last 12 years have shown a steady increase in operative training opportunity despite the increasing number of subspecialty training programmes and fellowships. Further research to identify areas for improvement and to study the diversity of operative procedures, and their outcomes is warranted in the years to come.

Evaluation of Accessibility and Content of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Fellowship Program Websites.

PURPOSE: Opportunities for graduating oral and maxillofacial surgery residents to pursue fellowship training are expanding. However, there is a paucity of information in the literature for prospective applicants in our specialty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and content of oral and maxillofacial surgery fellowship program websites (FPWs). METHODS: The authors designed a cross-sectional study including oral and maxillofacial surgery fellowship programs in North America listed on 4 major websites: 1) The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2) The American Academy of Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons Match, 3) The American Dental Association, and 4) The American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery. The existence and accessibility of stand-alone FPWs from these listings were assessed. Content scores were generated based on the presence or absence of 23 content variables related to program characteristics, fellow recruitment, and fellow education on listings and available webpages. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between predictor variables and content scores. RESULTS: A total of 44 fellowship programs were included. Of these fellowships, 26 (59.1%) had a stand-alone FPW. The mean content score was 10.8 ± 4.82 out of a maximum of 23. Content scores were significantly greater for head and neck oncology fellowships (P ≤ .001), programs with a stand-alone FPW (P ≤ .001), and Commission on Dental Accreditation-accredited programs (P = .046). Programs with a stand-alone FPW had content scores 1.87 times greater than those without and was the predictor variable with the greatest mean difference between groups. There was no significant difference in content scores with respect to geographic region. CONCLUSIONS: Oral and maxillofacial surgery FPWs demonstrate deficiencies in content areas relevant to prospective applicants. Optimizing the content of FPWs may represent an opportunity to better inform and recruit graduating residents into fellowship programs.

Mapping hospital data to characterize residents' educational experiences.

BACKGROUND: Experiential learning through patient care is fundamental to graduate medical education. Despite this, the actual content to which trainees are exposed in clinical practice is difficult to quantify and is poorly characterized. There remains an unmet need to define precisely how residents' patient care activities inform their educational experience.  METHODS: Using a recently-described crosswalk tool, we mapped principal ICD-10 discharge diagnosis codes to American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) content at four training hospitals of a single Internal Medicine (IM) Residency Program over one academic year to characterize and compare residents' clinical educational experiences. Frequencies of broad content categories and more specific condition categories were compared across sites to profile residents' aggregate inpatient clinical experiences and drive curricular change. RESULTS: There were 18,604 discharges from inpatient resident teams during the study period. The crosswalk captured > 95% of discharges at each site. Infectious Disease (ranging 17.4 to 39.5% of total discharges) and Cardiovascular Disease (15.8 to 38.2%) represented the most common content categories at each site. Several content areas (Allergy/Immunology, Dermatology, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology/Dental Medicine) were notably underrepresented (≤ 1% at each site). There were significant differences in the frequencies of conditions within most content categories, suggesting that residents experience distinct site-specific clinical content during their inpatient training. CONCLUSIONS: There were substantial differences in the clinical content experienced by our residents across hospital sites, prompting several important programmatic and curricular changes to enrich our residents' hospital-based educational experiences.

Arthroscopic Case Volumes Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residents and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellows: An Analysis of ACGME Case Log Data.

Arthroscopic procedures are used to treat a multitude of disorders, but they can be technically demanding. These procedures are a fundamental aspect of orthopaedic surgery residency and surgical sports medicine fellowship. The goal of this study was to analyze the variability in arthroscopic case experience to better understand the disparities between various training programs and the opportunity for increased surgical case volume of an orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship. Resident and fellow case log reports were gathered from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Fellows reported 286% more arthroscopic cases in one year of fellowship than residents reported in five years of residency (554 cases vs. 193 cases, p < 0.0001). Fellows also performed 770% more arthroscopic hip procedures than residents (57 cases vs. 7 cases, p < 0.0001). There is a significant difference in arthroscopic case volume between residents and fellows. An orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship dramatically increases the arthroscopic experience of trainees. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 31(1):022-025, 2022).

Recommended Sports Medicine Fellowship Scholarly Activity Curriculum.

ABSTRACT: Scholarly activity requirements for primary care sports medicine fellowship programs are increasing and the current Accreditation Council for Graduate Medicine Education (ACGME) expectations for fellows and core faculty are more demanding than those found in medicine residencies. A review of existing literature fails to identify any published guidelines on how to pursue scholarly activity within the sports medicine fellowship year. Such a deficiency may be critical for fellowship programs that are struggling to produce scholarship with a 1-year timeframe. This document intends to be a resource for all sports medicine fellowship programs by defining acceptable pieces of scholarly activity, delineating how a project may be completed during fellowship, and outlining avenues to educate others in the topic of choice. Adoption of this curriculum will guide fellows to meet ACGME-mandated scholarship requirements while assisting core faculty in meeting academic promotion criteria.

A qualitative study of trainer and trainee perceptions and experiences of clinical assessment in post-graduate dental training.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of workplace-based assessment (WBA) needs to ensure the achievement of pre-set competences but may look different across varying contexts, such as in post-graduate dental education. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception of residents, faculty members and alumni concerning their experience with clinical assessment, and what configurations they consider as optimal to maximise the entailed learning experience. METHODS: This study relied on a qualitative descriptive design using two data collection tools: focus group sessions, and semi-structured, one-to-one interviews. Data were triangulated from three sources: residents, faculty members and alumni. The data were inductively analysed based on constructivist epistemology. This was done using the Thematic Analysis approach, facilitated by NVivo software. RESULTS: The analysis revealed two mutually exclusive themes: process and people. Within process, variables related to quality, workflow and feedback surfaced. As for the people theme, the main two group of stakeholders referred to in the related analysis were the trainees and the trainers. DISCUSSION: There are many variables that need to be considered when developing an evidence-driven WBA. In addition, factoring into the design of the WBA the perception of the main stakeholders will enable contextualisation which is expected to raise the reliability of the adapted tools. CONCLUSION: This study introduced a framework that could support post-graduate universities in their journey towards developing context-specific WBA.

Suggested Curricular Guidelines for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Training.

ABSTRACT: A sports medicine physician manages musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and sport-related medical and MSK conditions of patients of all ages and abilities. Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians (physiatrists) must be adequately trained to provide this care for all patients including, but not limited to, athletes participating in organized sports, the weekend warrior as well as athletes with disabilities. Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education core requirements and basic guidelines help physiatry residency training programs develop and implement residency curriculums. The goal of this article is to provide suggested curricular guidelines to optimize physiatrist training in MSK and sports medicine.

Self-reported confidence and perceived training needs of surgical interns at a regional hospital in Ghana: a questionnaire survey.

BACKGROUND: Due to disparities in their regional distribution of the surgical specialists, those who have finished "housemanship," which is the equivalent of an internship, are serving as main surgical care providers in rural areas in Ghana. However, the quantitative volume of postgraduate surgical training experience and the level of self-reported confidence after formal training have not been investigated in detail in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: The quality-assessment data of the Department of surgery at a regional hospital in Ghana was obtained from the convenience samples of house officers (HOs) who had their surgical rotation before July 2019. A self-reported questionnaire with 5-point Likert-type scale and open-ended responses regarding the 35 topics listed as learning objectives by the Medical and Dental Council of Ghana were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the volume of surgical experience, self-reported confidence, and perceived training needs. RESULTS: Among 52 respondents, the median self-reported number of patients experienced for each condition was less than 11 cases. More than 40% of HOs reported that they had never experienced cases of liver tumor (n = 21, 40.4%), portal hypertension (n = 23, 44.2%), or cancer chemotherapy/cancer therapy (n = 26, 50.0%). The median self-confidence score was 3.69 (interquartile range, 3.04 ~ 4.08). More than 50% of HOs scored ≤2 points on the self-confidence scale of gastric cancer (n = 28, 53.8%), colorectal cancer (n = 31, 59.6%), liver tumors (n = 32, 61.5%), and cancer chemotherapy/cancer therapy (n = 38, 73.1%). The top 3 reasons for not feeling confident were the limited number of patients (n = 42, 80.8%), resources and infrastructure (n = 21, 40.4%), and amount of supervision (n = 18, 34.6%). Eighteen HOs (34.6%) rated their confidence in their surgical skills as ≤2 points. Of all respondents, 76.9% (n = 40) were satisfied with their surgical rotation and 84.6% (n = 44) perceived the surgical rotation as relevant to their future work. Improved basic surgical skills training (n = 27, 51.9%) and improved supervision (n = 18, 34.6%) were suggested as a means to improve surgical rotation. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical rotation during housemanship (internship) should be improved in terms of cancer treatment, surgical skills, and supervision to improve the quality of training, which is closely related to the quality of surgical care in rural areas.

Suggested Curricular Guidelines for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine in Family Medicine Residency Training.

Patients often seek care from a family physician when they have a musculoskeletal injury or sport-related ailment. Family physicians must be adequately trained to provide this care. While general guidance is provided by the Accreditation Counsel for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) it is left up to the individual programs to develop, implement, and execute their orthopedic and sports medicine curriculums. The American Academy of Family Physicians' (AAFP) Recommended Curriculum Guideline for Family Medicine Residents - Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine provides a basic outline format for curriculum content and reference resources. The aim of this article is to elaborate on those training requirements and help programs to develop a curriculum implementation plan that will deliver a baseline level of competence for family medicine trainees.

Lifelong Learning: A Higher Order of Consciousness and a Construct for Faculty Development.

Learning is an element of human personal and professional development that occurs throughout life in a variety of informal and formal contexts. Meaning making, a process in which people construct the meaning of events and experiences that are part of and shape our existence, represents an informal context of learning in that thinking and reflection is all that is required to accomplish this type of learning. Our meaning making equates to informal learning that develops through a lens in which we create the meaning of our experiences. Informal adult education, or casual opportunities to learn in adult life, is represented by the flexibility of the process, the experiential nature of the learning process, and the enthusiasm and dedication of the participants. Lifelong learning is an overarching experience that involves formal educational experiences. Lifelong learning is motivated internally, including the ability to establish favorable change in one's career trajectory. As such, it can be argued that lifelong learners ascribe to a higher order of consciousness, specifically, self-authoring or self-transforming minds. The support, stimulation, and encouragement of lifelong learning, therefore, represents a construct for effective faculty development in graduate medical education.

An Effective Simulator for Intraoral Facial Skeletal Contour Surgeries.

BACKGROUND: In East Asia, intraoral facial skeletal contour surgeries (intraoral FSCSs), including reduction gonioplasty, reduction malarplasty, and genioplasty, have become increasingly popular. Nonetheless, intraoral FSCSs are technically difficult and have a steep learning curve. An effective simulator could be beneficial for intraoral FSCS training. However, there is no intraoral FSCS simulator available. We introduced an intraoral FSCS simulator and assessed its effectiveness. METHODS: An intraoral FSCS simulator was established by covering a 3-dimensional printed skull with elastic cloth. Twenty residents were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental group A and control group B. Group A performed the intraoral FSCS on the simulator for 3 times. Group B performed the intraoral FSCS on skull model for 3 times. The intraoral FSCS simulator and trainees' performance were evaluated by a trainee-reported questionnaire before and after training, the surgical outcomes were graded by 3 senior attending physicians. All questions and the surgical outcome were scored based on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very poor, 5 = very good). The surgical times were recorded. RESULTS: The intraoral FSCS simulator (4.13 ± 0.64) simulated the surgical reality significantly better than the skull (2.6 ± 0.63). In intraoral FSCS simulator training, the restriction and compliance of the facial soft tissue were vividly mimicked (4.4 ± 0.51); the intraoral approach was vividly mimicked (4.07 ± 0.59). The intraoral FSCS simulator is significantly superior to the skull in improving participants' confidence in performing intraoral FSCS, power system control, and intraoral approach adoption (<0.001). The average surgical outcome score was 3.11 ± 0.45 in group A and 3.91 ± 0.24 in group B. The average surgical time was 177.78 ± 28.38 minutes in group A and 65.26 ± 15.38 minutes in group B. CONCLUSIONS: We developed the first intraoral FSCS simulator and proved its effectiveness preliminarily. Randomized controlled study with clinical cases is needed to further test its effectiveness.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Program Websites Under-Report Content Related to Resident Recruitment and Education.

PURPOSE: Prospective applicants use residency program websites (PWs) to evaluate programs when deciding where to apply, interview, and rank. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) PWs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of all OMS programs accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation. PWs were identified through the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Program Directory (AAOMS-PD) and a secondary internet search. The predictor variables were program characteristics (federal service, medical school curriculum, program size, and viability of AAOMS-PD link). The outcome variables were 22 content items related to resident recruitment and resident education and 4 content items related to medical school commitment. Content was recorded as present or absent without judgment on the quality or accuracy. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all outcome variables, and Student t tests were used to compare program characteristics with the amount of content reported. RESULTS: Ninety-six of 101 programs had dedicated PWs. On average, programs included 39% (range, 0 to 77%) of the recruitment and education items assessed. Most programs did not address crucial aspects of training, such as faculty research interests (22%), resident selection criteria (22%), alumni rosters (19%), surgical case load (13%), and dedicated scholarly time (8.8%). Less than half the 6-year programs discussed a tuition responsibility (44%) or tuition assistance (21%). Four-year programs provided significantly less recruitment content (P < .01) and 4-year (P < .01) and federal (P < .01) programs reported significantly less resident education content. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, OMS PWs are under-reporting content related to resident recruitment and resident education. Program directors should update their PWs to provide adequate information for prospective applicants.