Integrative Metabolomics, Enzymatic Activity, and Gene Expression Analysis Provide Insights into the Metabolic Profile Differences between the Slow-Twitch Muscle and Fast-Twitch Muscle of Pseudocaranx dentex.

The skeletal muscles of teleost fish encompass heterogeneous muscle types, termed slow-twitch muscle (SM) and fast-twitch muscle (FM), characterized by distinct morphological, anatomical, histological, biochemical, and physiological attributes, driving different swimming behaviors. Despite the central role of metabolism in regulating skeletal muscle types and functions, comprehensive metabolomics investigations focusing on the metabolic differences between these muscle types are lacking. To reveal the differences in metabolic characteristics between the SM and FM of teleost, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis using Pseudocaranx dentex as a representative model and identified 411 differential metabolites (DFMs), of which 345 exhibited higher contents in SM and 66 in FM. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DFMs were enriched in the metabolic processes of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, purines, and vitamins, suggesting that there were significant differences between the SM and FM in multiple metabolic pathways, especially in the metabolism of energy substances. Furthermore, an integrative analysis of metabolite contents, enzymatic activity assays, and gene expression levels involved in ATP-PCr phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic oxidative energy systems was performed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism differences. The results unveiled a set of differential metabolites, enzymes, and genes between the SM and FM, providing compelling molecular evidence of the FM achieving a higher anaerobic energy supply capacity through the ATP-PCr phosphate and glycolysis energy systems, while the SM obtains greater energy supply capacity via aerobic oxidation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the metabolic profiles and related regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscles, thereby expanding the knowledge of metabolic physiology and ecological adaptation in teleost fish.

Hipertrofia maseterina. Estudio ultraestructural / Masseter muscle hypertrophy. Ultrastructural study

El presente trabajo estudia la hipertrofia maseterina desde el punto de vista ultraestructural del músculo masetero con hipertrofia. Para el mismo se toma una muestra de los músculos que presentan esta condición en 13 pacientes que acudieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la UCV. Las muestras de los pacientes con hipertrofia maseterina diagnosticada clínicamente, se observaron al miscroscopio electrónico. En el estudio se reportan hallazgos que hacen inferir que se está en presencia de una seudohipertrofia más que una hipertrofia verdadera. Se presentan los resultados parciales de esta investigación como aporte al estudio ultraestructural de los músculos masticatorios creando nuevas rutas en la investigación, en este renglón