Body mass index and self-rated oral health in Korean adults in 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between obesity and self-rated oral health (SROH). This study examined the cross-sectional associations between body mass index (BMI) and SROH in Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used data from 217 304 adults (100 110 men and 117 194 women aged > 19 years) from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey. Participants were categorised into six ordinal groups based on BMI: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2 ), overweight (23.0-24.9 kg/m2 ), obese-I (25.0-27.4 kg/m2 ), obese-II (27.5-29.9 kg/m2 ) or obese-III (≥30.0 kg/m2 ). SROH was assessed using responses to the question, "How do you rate your oral health, including your teeth and gums?" rated on a 5-point scale. SROH was categorised as "good" (reported as "fair," "good" or "very good") or "poor" or "very poor." Age- and sex-stratified associations between BMI categories and poor SROH were assessed using ordinal logistic regression analysis with sampling weights. RESULTS: The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for poor SROH according to BMI levels was lowest in the overweight group in both men and women. In men, the OR for poor SROH was 2.03 (99% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-2.39) in the underweight group, 1.17 (99% CI, 1.17-1.25) in the normal group, 1.05 (99% CI, 0.98-1.13) in the obese-I group, 1.08 (99% CI, 0.98-1.18) in the obese-II group and 1.36 (99% CI, 1.20-1.55) in the obese-III group. In women, the OR was 1.18 (99% CI, 1.07-1.31) in the underweight group, 1.01 (99% CI, 0.95-1.07) in the normal group, 1.07(99% CI, 0.99-1.16) in the obese-I group, 1.16 (99% CI, 1.04-1.30) in the obese-II group and 1.39 (99% CI, 1.20-1.62) in the obese-III group. From the restricted cubic spline models in both sexes, BMI showed a J-shaped association with poor and very poor SROH in men and women. In a stratified analysis by age group and sex, men and older women in the underweight group had poorer SROH than those in overweight group. CONCLUSION: In a nationally representative sample of Korean adults, there was a J-shaped association between BMI and poor SROH, with the highest risk in the underweight group amongst men and in the obese-III group amongst women. Furthermore, in men and women over 65 years of age, underweight and obesity were associated with poorer SROH.

[The impact of dental caries prevention program on the anthropometric measurements of preschool children]. / Vliyanie programmy profilaktiki kariesa zubov, provodimoi v doshkol'nykh uchrezhdeniyakh, na rostovesovye pokazateli detei.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to compare body mass indices (BMI) of children receiving and not receiving dental caries prevention program in preschool institutions at the age of 3-6 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised163 children (76 boys and 87 girls) initially examined at the age of 3 years in nurseries of the Khimki city region. In one of the nurseries 54 children received dental caries prevention and educational program for 3 years. Other 109 children not receiving any special programs served as controls. Data on caries prevalence and intensity as well as weight and height were collected at baseline examination and 3 years after. BMI was calculated by standard formula and WHO criteria for weight deficiency, normal weight, overweight and obesity for children aged 2-5 and 6-17 years were applied. RESULTS: Caries prevalence in 3-years-old was 34.1% with dmft median of 1.4 teeth. After 3 years the prevalence of dental caries reached 72.5% in controls and was almost twice as low in the main group (39.3%). Caries intensity growth was also significantly higher in controls (p<0.0001). There was statistically significant difference on the rate of underweight and normal weight in children receiving and not receiving dental caries preventive program (p<0.05). The rate of normal and low BMI in the main group was 82.6% (vs. 66% in controls) and 7.7% (vs. 22%), correspondingly. The higher the caries intensity the more is the risk for being underweight (11.5% in caries-free children vs 25.7% in having DMFT+dft more than 4, p=0.034). CONCLUSION: Our study showed positive impact of dental caries prevention program on the anthropometric measurements of children aged 3-6 years which increases the significance of this type of programs in pre-school institutions.

Stress system dysfunction revealed by integrating reactivity of stress pathways to psychological stress in lean and overweight/obese men.

Although the patterns of response within the sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) system and hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis are interesting and important in their own accord, the overall response to acute psychological stress involves reactivity of both pathways. We tested the hypothesis that consideration of the integrated response of these pathways may reveal dysregulation of the stress systems, which is not evident when considering either system alone. Age-matched lean and overweight/obese men were subjected to a Trier Social Stress Test and reactivity of the SAM system (salivary α-amylase, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate) and the HPA axis (salivary cortisol) were measured. Relative reactivity of SAM system and HPA axis was calculated as the ratio between the measures from each pathway. Although analysis of reactivity of individual stress pathways showed no evidence of dysfunction in overweight/obese compared with lean men, analysis of HPA/SAM reactivity revealed significantly lower cortisol over systolic blood pressure (CoSBP) and cortisol over diastolic blood pressure (CoDBP) reactivity in overweight/obese compared with lean men. Other measures of HPA/SAM reactivity and all measures of SAM/HPA reactivity were unaltered in overweight/obese compared with lean men. These findings suggest that the cortisol response per unit of blood pressure response is blunted in men with elevated adiposity. Furthermore, these findings support a notion of a coordinated overall approach to activation of the stress pathways with the degree of activation in one pathway being related to the degree of activation in the other.

Relationship of BMI with the diet, physical activity and oral hygiene practices amongst the dental students.

BACKGROUND: Regardless of attaining adequate knowledge regarding oral hygiene, physical activity, and healthy eating habits, dental students still face oral health problems. This study was aimed to assess the association of oral hygiene habits, physical activity, and eating habits with the BMI in the dental students. METHOD: This multi centric cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021 in Pakistan. Three hundred and eighty-six study participants enrolled as undergraduate dental students, both males and females, were included in the study. A questionnaire used to gather data, was modified from a study conducted by Jouhar et al. Chi-square testing was used in order to assess the relationship between two categorical variables. Linear regression was performed to assess the association with putative confounders. Statistical significance was considered for p value < 0.05. RESULTS: Regarding brushing teeth, 57% of the underweight individuals brushed once daily, 69.8% of the healthy, 79.2% of overweight, and 48% of obese participants brushed twice. Horizontal brushing technique was performed by 50% of the underweight participants, followed by scrub technique. A soft bristled brush was frequently used by underweight (42.9%) and healthy (66%) individuals, while a medium textured bristle brush was used by overweight (62.3%) and obese (54.2%) participants. Majority of the underweight (64.3%), overweight (48.1%), and 45.8% of obese individuals had meals thrice a day, while healthy (62.3%) individuals had meals twice a day. CONCLUSION: This study further intensified the contributing role of having an excessive dietary intake and sugar consumption in causing obesity and dental caries. Findings from the current study, identify a statistically significant relationship that exists between BMI levels with oral hygiene, eating habits and the physical activity.

Waistline to gumline: a retrospective analysis of body mass index in treated periodontitis patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy.

Periodontal disease affects 42% of adults in the United States. Both the periodontal microbiome and the host immune inflammatory response may be influenced by overweight/obesity status. This retrospective analysis sought to determine the associations of periodontal disease parameters with body mass index (BMI) and obesity status in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy. The records of 418 patients who were undergoing periodontal maintenance after periodontitis treatment were examined, and the patients' demographic characteristics (sex, age, and race/ethnicity), self-reported BMI, periodontal disease condition, number of sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm, missing teeth, and sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Patients were determined to have active moderate to severe periodontitis if they presented with 2 or more sites in 2 different quadrants with clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm and probing depth ≥ 5 mm. Individuals were also categorized into 3 groups: underweight/normoweight, BMI < 25; overweight, BMI 25 ≤ 30; or obese, BMI ≥ 30. In the study population, BMI ranged from 16.827 to 51.389. The periodontitis status was not significantly associated with a BMI status of overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.388 [95% CI, 0.961- 2.006]) or obese (OR = 1.168 [95% CI, 0.77-1.757]). Female sex (OR = 0.561 [95% CI, 0.343-0.918]) and age (OR = 0.983 [95% CI, 0.967-0.999]) were negatively associated with active periodontitis status. Obese patients demonstrated significantly more sites with BOP than either underweight/normoweight or overweight patients, and a BMI indicating obesity was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and higher number of missing teeth (P = 0.0064). In a population of patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy, BMI was associated with age and missing teeth, and obese status was associated with a significantly higher number of sites with BOP.

Does dental caries lead to stunting and wasting in children?

Design This was a systematic review of the evidence on the impact of dental caries severity and prevalence on undernutrition (wasting and stunting) in children.Study selection The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42018091581). A database search of Medline and Embase was conducted in March 2018 with an updated search in July 2019. Participants were children aged 0-18 years from countries of different income groups. The exposure variable was dental caries reported as prevalence, incidence and/or severity, or changes in those variables. The outcome variable was undernutrition; specifically, wasting (low weight-for-height) and stunting (low height-for-age) in children.Data analysis Evidence was grouped into caries of the permanent dentition, primary dentition, early childhood caries and severe early childhood caries as a risk factor for undernutrition. A best-available-evidence approach was applied to narrative synthesis. Evidence synthesis by vote counting was depicted using harvest plots. The heterogeneous nature of the data prevented a meta-analysis from being appropriate.Results Of the 2,690 studies identified, 117 underwent quality assessment, resulting in 46 studies for narrative synthesis and 38 pertaining to wasting or stunting included in vote counting. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (33 studies).For the permanent dentition, the balance of evidence showed generally no association between caries prevalence or severity with wasting. For the primary dentition, positive associations between dental caries prevalence and severity with wasting, as well as between dental caries prevalence and severity with stunting, were reported. Conclusions Overall, the authors concluded that the balance of evidence favoured an association between dental caries in the primary dentition and undernutrition in children but highlighted the complexity of synthesising dental and nutritional data along with dentition type, age of child participants and income status of countries.

CHANGES IN SERUM GHRELIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OF BODY MASS INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND SPONDYLOARTHRITIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To determine the features of changes in serum ghrelin levels and its relationship with the body mass index in patients with GERD and spondyloarthritis (SpA) with lesions of the cervical and thoracic spine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The examined patients included 80 patients with SpA with cervical and thoracic spine lesions in combination with GERD. The examined patients with SpA with predominant cervical and thoracic spine lesions were divided into two groups depending on the clinical course of GERD, namely: group I included 33 (41.2%) patients with typical esophageal manifestations of GERD (13 males (39.4%), 20 females (60.6%)), and group II consisted of 47 (58.8%) patients with atypical extraesophageal manifestations of GERD (among them were 17 (36.2%) males and 30 (63.2%) females). RESULTS: Results: All patients were tested for serum ghrelin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of clinical manifestations of atypical GERD (group II patients) revealed that most often patients with SpA of the cervical and thoracic spine were diagnosed with dental and otolaryngological masks of reflux disease (40.4 % and 25.5 % of patients, respectively). Maximum serum ghrelin levels were detected in patients with SpA with cardiac GERD (355.02 ± 4.75 ng/ml), while minimum values were found in patients with dental signs of reflux disease (298.17 ± 5.16 ng/ml - p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: 1. In patients with SpA with cervical and thoracic spine lesions, GERD often has atypical symptoms (mostly dental and otolaryngological forms in 40.4% and 25.5% of patients). 2. In patients with SpA with esophageal clinical signs of GERD, normal weight or underweight is more common, while in patients with extraesophageal forms of GERD overweight or obesity of varying severity prevails. 3. In patients with SpA and GERD, an increase in serum ghrelin levels was found in patients with cardiac manifestations of reflux disease (355.02 ± 4.75 ng/ml). 4. The relationship between BMI changes in patients with SpA and GERD and increased serum ghrelin levels was found, namely: in group II patients with overweight and obesity a direct correlation was found, and in group I patients with underweight an inverse correlation was fund.

Evolving clinical manifestations of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome: From infancy to adulthood in a 31-year-old woman.

Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid feature, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL, MIM# 615381) is an extremely rare and recently recognized early adult onset of progeroid syndrome, with features of generalized lipodystrophy, dysmorphic features, telangiectasia, early onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here, we present a 31-year-old Chinese woman with MDPL, harboring the recurrent pathogenic variant p.(Ser605del) in POLD1, illustrating the evolving manifestations of this premature aging disorder from infancy to adulthood.

Quality Fade in Medical Device Manufacturing: Thinness of Airway Breathing Circuit Plastic.

Mechanical respirators typically use a plastic circuit apparatus to pass gases from the ventilator to the patient. Structural integrity of these circuits is crucial for maintaining oxygenation. Anesthesiologists, respiratory therapists, and other critical care professionals rely on the circuit to be free of defects. The American Society for Testing and Materials maintains standards of medical devices and had a standard (titled Standard Specification for Anesthesia Breathing Tubes) that included circuits. This standard, which was last updated in 2008, has since been withdrawn. Lack of a defined standard can invite quality fade-the phenomenon whereby manufacturers deliberately but surreptitiously reduce material quality to widen profit margins. With plastics, this is often in the form of thinner material. A minimum thickness delineated in the breathing circuit standard would help ensure product quality, maintain tolerance to mechanical insults, and avert leaks. Our impression is that over the recent years, the plastic in many of the commercially available breathing circuits has gotten thinner. We experienced a circuit leak in the middle of a laminectomy due to compromised plastic tubing in a location that evaded the safety circuit leak check that is performed prior to surgery. This compromised ventilation and oxygenation in the middle of a surgery in which the patient is positioned prone and hence with a minimally accessible airway; it could have resulted in anoxic brain injury or death. The incident led us to reflect on the degree of thinness of the circuit's plastic.

Prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting among young children with a significant cognitive delay in 47 low-income and middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition in early childhood is associated with a range of negative outcomes across the lifespan. Little is known about the prevalence of exposure to undernutrition among young children with significant cognitive delay. METHOD: Secondary analysis of data collected on 161 188 three- and four-year-old children in 47 low-income and middle-income countries in Rounds 4-6 of UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. Of these, 12.3% (95% confidence interval 11.8-12.8%) showed evidence of significant cognitive delay. RESULTS: In both middle-income and low-income countries, significant cognitive delay was associated with an increased prevalence of exposure to three indicators of undernutrition (underweight, wasting and stunting). Overall, children with significant cognitive delay were more than twice as likely than their peers to be exposed to severe underweight, severe wasting and severe stunting. Among children with significant cognitive delay (and after controlling for country economic classification group), relative household wealth was the strongest and most consistent predictor of exposure to undernutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Given that undernutrition in early childhood is associated with a range of negative outcomes in later life, it is possible that undernutrition in early childhood may play an important role in accounting for health inequalities and inequities experienced by people with significant cognitive delay in low-income and middle-income countries.

Severe dental caries is associated with incidence of thinness and overweight among preschool Chinese children.

Objective: To examine the association of incidence and baseline prevalence of severe dental caries with incidences of thinness and overweight among pre-school Chinese children.Materials and methods: A longitudinal study design was used. A total of 772 children recruited from 15 kindergartens in Liaoning Province who completed baseline and follow-up assessments were included. The age range of children at baseline was 24.6-71.1 months. BMI-for-age z-score was calculated to estimate incidence of thinness and overweight. Severe dental caries was indicated by pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula or abscess (pufa). Baseline prevalence of severe caries included children with pufa ≥1, incidence included those who changed from pufa = 0 to ≥1 at follow-up. Logistic regression was constructed to assess the association of baseline prevalence and incidence of severe caries with each of incidence thinness and overweight.Results: Children with incidence of severe caries had higher odds for incidence thinness (OR: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.08, 15.41). Baseline prevalence of severe caries was not significantly associated with incidence thinness. Participants with severe caries at baseline had higher odds for incidence overweight (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.63). The relationship between incidence of severe caries and incidence overweight was insignificant.Conclusions: The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between severe dental caries and both ends of anthropometric measures among pre-school Chinese children. The findings highlight the importance of integrating oral and general health promotion policies. Primary health care providers are encouraged to incorporate dental screening, counselling and referral for treatment for severe caries to promote appropriate growth and overall health of children.

The association between nutritional status and dental caries in low-income children: A multilevel analysis.

BACKGROUND: The possible association between obesity, underweight, and dental caries remains in debate. In addition, the role of sugar consumption on the abovementioned relationship was little explored. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and dental caries in 12-year-old low-income children. DESIGN: This cross-sectional school-based study involved 406 12-year-old children living with limited economic resources. Dental caries was assessed using the decayed component of DMFT and PUFA/pufa index. Children were weighed and measured to assess nutritional status according to z-score/body mass index. Data on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, sugar consumption, sedentary behaviour, and psychosocial factors were collected through validated questionnaires. Multivariable multilevel Poisson regression was performed. RESULTS: Underweight children had 60% (RR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.13-2.57) higher mean of decayed teeth and had mean PUFA/pufa 2.8 times higher than children with normal nutritional status. Underweight children with high annual sugar intake had a greater mean of decayed teeth (RR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.46-5.06) than underweight children with low sugar intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that malnutrition is associated with dental caries among children from low-income families.

Is there an association between body weight and early childhood caries experience?

Data sources PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Study selection Papers reporting a primary study in non-syndromatic preschool children aged 0-6 years, reporting body weight and dental caries experience as outcomes.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the identified citations for relevance. The full text articles were subsequently assessed for eligibility for both qualitative and quantitative review. Body weight outcomes were standardised into four groups; 'underweight' (BMI-for-age percentile less than five), 'normal weight' (BMI-for-age percentile between five and 85), 'overweight' (BMI-for-age percentile between 85 and 95), and 'obese' (BMI-for-age percentile greater than 95). Dental caries outcomes were based on decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/dmfs) index. The risk of bias in individual studies were assessed based on the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The GRADE system was used to perform quality assessment for each outcome reported.Results Following screening of 293 articles, a total of 32 studies qualified for qualitative review and 12 of them reported data that was used to conduct a meta-analysis. All included studies were cross-sectional in nature and presented a high risk of bias. Findings from meta-analysis showed that children who are overweight have a significantly higher dmft index (95% CI -0.64 to -0.14, P = 0.002, I2 equals 62 percent). The quality of evidence was found to be moderate.Conclusions Overweight and obese preschool children are at a greater risk of developing caries. Public health prevention programmes must target both conditions together to reduce their burden and effectiveness of prevention strategies.

Stratified analysis of the correlation between gestational weight gain and birth weight for gestational age: a retrospective single-center cohort study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Japan has an exceptionally high proportion of low-weight births and underweight women. It has been suggested that an appropriate increase in gestational weight gain (GWG) for underweight women will help to prevent low birth weight. The current strategy aims to raise the desired value of GWG equally for all pregnant women within the underweight category. However, it remains elusive whether or not the relationship between GWG and birth weight for gestational age (BW/GA) are uniformly equivalent for all the women. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of women who delivered their newborns at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital from 2013 to 2017. First, in order to examine the direct effect of an increase or decrease in GWG on BW/GA, we analyzed the correlation between inter-pregnancy differences in GWG and BW/GA using a sub-cohort of women who experienced two deliveries during the study period (n = 75). Second, we dichotomized the main cohort (n = 1114) according to BW/GA to verify our hypothesis that the correlation between GWG and BW/GA differs depending on the size of the newborn. RESULTS: The inter-pregnancy difference in BW/GA was not correlated with that of GWG. However, the correlation between BW/GA of siblings was high (r = 0.63, p = 1.9 × 10- 9). The correlation between GWG and BW/GA in women who delivered larger-sized newborns was higher (r = 0.17, p = 4.1 × 10- 5) than that in women who delivered smaller-sized newborns (r = 0.099, p = 1.9 × 10- 2). This disparity did not change after adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI. The mean birth weight in the dichotomized groups corresponded to percentile 52.0 and 13.4 of the international newborn size assessed by INTERGROWTH-21st standards. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, GWG was positively correlated with BW/GA for heavier neonates whose birth weights were similar to the average neonatal weight according to world standards. However, caution might be required for low-birth-weight neonates because increased GWG does not always result in increased birth weight.

Association between oral health-related quality of life and nutritional status among older adults in district of Kuala Pilah, Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Poor oral health has an impact on food choices and intake of important nutrients among older population. The use of oral health-related quality of life instruments along with the clinical dental indicators can help to assess the oral problems that lead to nutritional problems in this group. This study aims to determine the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and nutritional status among a group of older adults in Kuala Pilah district, Malaysia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 446 older adults aged 50 years and above from 20 randomly selected villages. Respondents were interviewed to collect information on their demographic characteristics and oral health perception, followed by physical examination to measure height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of respondents. The validated Malay version of General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to measure OHRQoL. RESULTS: About one-third (35.8%) of the respondents had normal BMI. Majority of the respondents were overweight (40.4%) and obese (19.9%), while only a small proportion was underweight (3.9%). Mean GOHAI score was 53.3 (SD = 4.7), indicating low perception of oral health. About 81.6% respondents had moderate to low perception of oral health. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between the GOHAI and BMI scores (OR = 2.3; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Oral health-related quality of life was significantly associated with nutritional condition of respondents. Older adults with poor perception of their oral health were more likely to have unsatisfactory BMI compared to those who perceived their oral health to be good.

Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. METHODS: This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study's explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). RESULTS: Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83-25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0-0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. CONCLUSIONS: For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition - being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.

Oral health-related quality of life in patients with disorders of nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Researchers demonstrated a correlation between nutrition and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Little is known about the correlation between disorders of nutrition (DON) and Oral HRQoL (OHRQoL). OBJECTIVES: (a) To measure OHRQoL in DON patients compared to patients attending nutritional counselling for other reasons (eg, systemic diseases or general dietary counselling) (NCOR) and to healthy controls attending routine dental screenings. (b) To analyse associations between OHRQoL and demographics, health-related behaviours and nutritional practices. We hypothesised that OHRQoL is impaired in DON patients and correlates with poor health-related behaviours and nutritional practices METHODS: Demographic, smoking, alcohol and physical activity habits, verbal pain scale, oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) and nutritional practice data were collected from 63 DON, 35 NCOR and 100 controls. RESULTS: Compared to controls, DON patients exhibited poorer OHIP-14 global scores and had more functional limitation, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. OHIP-14 global score was positively associated with maternal origin, oral symptoms, eggs and eggplant consumption, avoiding seasoning, hot drinks and fibrous food and negatively associated with physical activity and fresh vegetable consumption. In the conceptual hierarchical multiple regression model, verbal pain scale, eggplant consumption and physical activity were mediators in the relationship between DON and OHIP-14. DON, physical activity and eggplant consumption also directly associated with OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Oral HRQoL was impaired in DON patients and correlated with poor health-related behaviours and nutritional practices. Routine workup of DON patients should include OHRQoL assessment.

Prevalence of dental caries and its association with body mass index among school-age children in Shenzhen, China.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries and overweight/obesity are health problems with shared risk factors, but the relationships between caries and BMI need to be further explored. The objective was to evaluate the current status of dental caries and the association between dental caries and Body Mass Index (BMI) among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen, China, during the 2016-2017 academic year. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study that enrolled a total of 1,196,004 students was conducted in Shenzhen. Physical and dental examinations were given to all primary and secondary school students by certified physicians and dentists following the national specification for student health examinations, and dental caries was diagnosed using WHO criteria. Descriptive analysis was applied to assess current oral health status and a multifactorial, logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and obesity. RESULTS: A total of 1,196,004 students participated in the census. Mean age of the participants was 10.3 years, ranging from 6 to 20 years. The prevalence of dental caries was 41.15% in the present study, which was higher among girls (42.88%) than that in boys (39.77%) with a p-value of < 0.001. Students in public schools showed a significantly lower (p < 0.001) caries prevalence (37.36%) compared with those in private schools (47.96%). The caries restoration rate of students in Shenzhen was only 10.30%, which means only one out of ten students with caries received restorations. The mean dmft and DMFT scores were 0.97 and 0.33, respectively. More girls (10.96%) had their teeth filled than boys (9.78%). The restoration rate was higher (p < 0.001) in public schools (11.73%) than in private ones (8.35%). Children who were overweight or obese had a lower risk of experiencing caries compared to those who were within a normal weight (OR = 0.74/0.64). Caries was inversely associated with BMI among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental caries among primary and secondary school children was found to be related to sex, type of schools, region, and BMI. Further studies and more government support are required to confirm the findings of this study and to address current oral health problems.

Correlation between Dental Maturity and Body Mass Index in Korean Children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine relationships between dental maturity and body mass index (BMI) in Korean children. Study Design: 600 Korean children aged between 5 and 10 years for whom panoramic radiographs have been obtained between 2010 and 2017 were selected. Subjects were divided into four weight-status groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Five lower-left permanent teeth were observed and rated. The stage of each tooth was converted into a score using the table suggested by Demirjian, and the sum of these scores was designated as the 'maturity score'. Results: This study found statistically significant differences in dental maturity between the weight groups (analysis of variance, P=0.003), with the maturity score being higher in the obese group than in normal-weight subjects (Tukey's post-hoc test, P=0.004). The linear regression showed a positive association between BMI and the maturity score after adjusting for sex and age (ß=0.34, P<0.001). The linear regression coefficient was higher in girls (ß=0.61, P<0.001) than in boys (ß=0.31, P=0.02). Conclusions: These data suggest that dental maturation is positively associated with BMI in Korean children. Since many treatment decisions are made in relation to dental maturity, these findings may have implications for pediatric dental care.

Fewer teeth are a risk factor for being underweight in community-dwelling Japanese aged 40 years and older: The Yamagata (Takahata) Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate comprehensively, the risk factors for underweight in cross-sectional study in the general population of Japan. METHODS: The survey population was the general population of individuals aged >40 years in Takahata town, Japan in 2005. A postal survey in the form of a self-administered questionnaire was distributed, and 6084 individuals were entered into the final statistical analysis. The self-administered questionnaire contained items regarding lifestyle, oral health status, socio-economic status and dietary intake. To examine the independent relationships between an underweight status and several parameters, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: The number of teeth, age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, spousal status, smoking habit, appetite, body weight at 20 years of age, habit of going out and physical activity were independently associated with an underweight status compared with the normal weight group. Individuals with fewer than 10 teeth were especially more likely to be underweight than individuals with more than 20 teeth (OR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.261-3.035). CONCLUSION: This study showed an independent association between the number of teeth and an underweight status, indicating that fewer teeth can increase the risk of being underweight.