Maxillary Sinus Augmentation and Implant Installation in Patients With Pseudocysts and Mucous Retention Cysts.

This case study systematically assessed diverse approaches to sinus augmentation in the presence of sinus pathology. Three patients were carefully selected and categorized as pseudocyst (PsC) (type 1), mucous retention cyst (MRC) smaller than 20 mm (type 2), and MRC larger than 20 mm in size (type 3). All patients underwent sinus augmentation procedures, with each case utilizing a unique surgical approach. Spontaneous drainage was performed for the patient with PsC (type 1), followed by uncomplicated sinus augmentation. For the patient with an MRC smaller than 20 mm (type 2), aspiration of the cyst contents preceded sinus augmentation. Conversely, the patient with a larger MRC (type 3) underwent cyst enucleation followed by sinus augmentation after complete recovery of the sinus membrane. No complications were noted in any of the cases, and follow-up revealed stable implant installation at the site of sinus augmentation. Within the constraints of this study, the choice of surgical procedure, whether involving spontaneous drainage, aspiration, or enucleation, should be guided by an anticipated pathologic diagnosis and the size of the sinus cyst. This informed approach empowers clinicians to make well-informed decisions for the best possible outcomes and sustained results. Overall, this study offers valuable insights for clinicians seeking to optimize sinus augmentation procedures in the presence of sinus pathology.

Orofacial Cysts: A Single Institution Experience of 85 Cases in Enugu, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Orofacial cysts are pathologic cavities that could be symptomatic and may cause facial disfigurement. The only epidemiologic report of such lesions in Southeast Nigeria studied jaw cysts from 1987 to 1996. New studies reflecting recent research findings and classifications on the subject in Southeast Nigeria are lacking. AIM: To determine the prevalence and distribution of orofacial cysts in a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective study of patients with orofacial cysts diagnosed by histology was carried out. RESULTS: Orofacial cysts constitute 9.5% (85) of 897 orofacial lesions identified. The male-to-female gender ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age (± standard deviation) at the onset of the cystic lesion was 28.58 (±16.98) years. Developmental odontogenic cysts 52.9% (45) and salivary cysts 18.8% (16) were the most common group of orofacial cysts. The most prevalent orofacial cysts were odontogenic keratocysts at 25.9% (22), mucoceles 16.5% (14), and dentigerous cysts 14.1% (12). Straw-colored aspirates 34.8% (16) and dark brown aspirates 28.3% (13) were the predominant cystic contents. The mandible 45.9% (39) and maxilla 27.1% (23) were the commonest sites for orofacial cysts, while the lip 9.4% (8) was the most frequent soft tissue site. A significant association exists between anatomical site and cyst type at a 95% confidence interval with P = 0.000, X2 = 247.17. Unilocular radiolucency 62.5% (20) and multilocular radiolucency 34.4% (11) were the most common radiographic features. CONCLUSION: Developmental odontogenic cysts particularly odontogenic keratocysts were most prevalent while mucocele was the most common soft tissue cyst.

Diagnosis and Surgical correction of salivary affections in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis); a retrospective study.

AIM: This study aimed to describe the diagnosis and treatment of various surgical salivary affections in buffaloes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 135 buffaloes examined at Dakahlia Governorate between 2011 and 2022 suffering from various surgical salivary affections. The recorded surgical affections had salivary fistula (n = 44), ectasia of Stenson's duct (n = 11), ranula/mucocele (n = 46), and cervical sialocele (n = 34). The buffaloes were sedated using an intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) and local infiltration analgesia of lidocaine for specific surgical interventions. RESULTS: The salivary duct fistula cases were surgically corrected using a retrograde infusion of povidone-iodine into the duct and its double ligation with Prolene following fistulectomy. Intraoral marsupialization was done in buffaloes suffering from ectasia of the parotid duct. The mucocele /ranula was surgically incised with daily flushing with povidone-iodine. The cervical sialocele was treated by giving an elliptical excision on the sialocele, and sialoadenectomy of the mandibular salivary gland was performed to facilitate dynamic fluid/saliva drainage. A 92.5% of diseased buffaloes showed an uneventful recovery without any postoperative complications after the first treatment, whereas 7.5% of animals tended to recur. The most common and almost equally distributed salivary affections recorded in adult buffaloes were parotid duct fistula, mucocele, and cervical sialocele. The Stenson's duct ectasia was commonly registered in calves, being congenital. CONCLUSION: Ranula was the most common salivary affection encountered in adult buffaloes, closely followed by parotid duct fistulae and cervical sialoceles. Stenson's duct ectasia was the least encountered salivary affection in calves and was congenital. All salivary affections were corrected easily and safely, with satisfactory outcomes.

Orbital Reconstruction Using a Polyetheretherketone Patient-Specific Implant After Removal of a Mucocele Developing After Orbital Fracture Repair.

A few mucoceles developing secondary to facial bone fractures have been reported. Mucocele formation is thought to be attributable to displacement of the respiratory mucosa with obstruction of the sinus opening, especially if untreated. Accurate diagnosis and management are required; a growing mucocele will gradually destroy adjacent bony structures and cause irreversible complications. The authors describe a patient who presented with diplopia and mild discomfort when gazing upward. She had undergone reconstruction of medial and inferior orbital fractures 20 years previously. The patient was diagnosed with a mucocele developing after orbital fracture repair. The patient underwent mucocele removal and orbital reconstruction using a polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant. In a patient with orbital symptoms but without acute trauma, a mucocele should be among the differential diagnoses if history-taking reveals past orbital trauma and surgery. A polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant was effective for orbital reconstruction after mucocele removal.

Superficial mucoceles in cancer patients: a retrospective series from a Stomatology unit.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to relate all the superficial mucoceles found in a cancer center, described the association with oncological conditions, and discuss its etiology and pathology that we found in the past few years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen cases of superficial mucocele were retrieved from the patients' records of the Stomatology Department of the A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil, and demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS: There were 16 patients, 8 patients were men and 8 women, with ages varying from 26 to 70 years old. Superficial mucoceles were observed in patients submitted to head and neck radiotherapy (n=6), graft versus host disease (n=4), one associated with oral mucositis related to allogenic bone marrow stem cells transplantation (n=1), systemic lupus (n=1), Sjögren's syndrome (n=1), oral lichenoid lesion associated with pembrolizumab (n=1) and no local or systemic inflammatory associated found (n=2). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a series of superficial mucoceles from a single stomatology unit. Most patients had superficial mucoceles secondary to head and neck radiotherapy and graft versus host diseases. However, two patients (12.5%) had mucoceles related to systemic inflammatory conditions (Sjögren's Syndrome and Systemic Lupus).

Clinical characteristics of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease according to the 2014 National Institutes of Health (USA) consensus criteria.

BACKGROUND: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a serious and common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The oral cavity is the second most common site affected by cGVHD. In 2014, the 2005 National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria were revised to address areas of controversy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of oral cGVHD using the 2014 NIH consensus criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The baseline data of oral manifestation of patients, who were diagnosed with oral cGVHD, in the first dental visit were analyzed (n=22). The oral mucosal disease was evaluated by NIH modified Oral Mucosa Rating Scale (OMRS) and Thongprasom sign score. The salivary gland disease and sclerotic disease were determined by the presence of signs and symptoms. The functional impact was assessed by the organ-specific severity score. RESULTS: The median time from transplant to oral cGVHD diagnosis was 11.9 months. White striae with an erosive area was found in 72.7% of the patients. The mean ± SD of NIH modified OMRS was 6.1 ± 3.0. The most common and severely affected site of lichen planus-like features was buccal mucosa. Xerostomia, superficial mucocele and limited mouth opening were found in 18.2%, 9.1%, and 9.1%, respectively, of the patients. Almost all patients (90.9%) had partial limitation of oral intake. There were no significant differences in NIH modified OMRS or organ-specific severity score among the patient characteristic groups. Moreover, there was no association between the oral manifestations of cGVHD and the patient characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The most common oral manifestation of cGVHD was white striae with an erosive area of oral mucosal disease, followed by xerostomia, superficial mucocele, and limited mouth opening. The 2014 NIH consensus criteria for diagnostic and severity assessment are informative and feasible in real-world practice.

[Treatment tactics for patients with retention cysts, odontogenic cysts, mucocele and other pathologies of the maxillary sinuses as preparation for a sinus lift]. / Lechebnaya taktika v otnoshenii retentsionnykh kist, odontogennykh kist, mukotsele i drugikh zabolevanii verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi pri podgotovke k sinus-liftingu.

OBJECTIVE: The aim the studi. Differential diagnosis of retention cysts of the maxillary sinus with odontogenic cysts, acute and chronic sinusitis, aspergillosis, and mucocele in preparation for sinus-lifting surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of the case histories of 265 patients aged 18-65 years of both sexes who were treated at the dental clinic «Rudenta Family¼ from 2016 to 2021 was carried out. On the basis of clinical symptoms and data of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), a description of the pathologies of HPV is given for the purpose of differential diagnosis and correct interdisciplinary interaction with ENT doctors for the purpose of dental implantation in the lateral parts of the upper jaw. RESULTS: In 90 (out of 265) patients (34%), a change in the condition of the maxillary sinus mucosa was detected. 18 patients (7%) for preoperative preparation were sent to the ENT department of the FSBI «CCB with polyclinic¼ of the UDP of the Russian Federation with diagnoses: chronic maxillary sinusitis of various etiologies and mucocele. In this group of patients, sinus lifting followed by dental implantation was performed 6 months after endoscopic maxillofacial surgery under the control of CBCT. Retention cyst Retention cysts of the maxillary sinus were of different sizes in 62 (23.4%) patients and, depending on the size and localization of the sinus-lifting was performed with simultaneous removal of the cyst, or without removal of the cyst. CONCLUSION: Retention cysts do not need to be removed as a preoperative preparation for sinus lifting. In the case of large sizes and difficulty in peeling the Schneider membrane, retention cysts are removed by a dental surgeon during antral augmentation as one of the stages of the operation. In such pathologies as odontogenic cyst, acute and chronic sinusitis, aspergillosis, mucocele, interdisciplinary interaction of ENT doctor and dentist is necessary. Differential diagnosis of maxillary snus pathology is carried out on the basis of clinical data and a picture of cone-beam computed tomography.

Selection of mucocele management technique: considerations in pediatric patients.

The objectives of this article are to describe the surgical excision of an oral mucocele in a 9-year-old boy and to examine the literature on mucocele management approaches, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in terms of a patient's ability to cooperate in the dental chair. In the present case, a 9-year-old boy who was known to be a cooperative patient underwent conventional surgical excision and tolerated the procedure well. A review of the literature from 2010 to 2018 revealed 20 relevant studies outlining a variety of approaches to mucocele management, including surgical excision, intralesional corticosteroid injection, laser removal, micromarsupialization, cryosurgery, and withholding treatment for cases in which a lesion is small and allowed to spontaneously regress. While conventional surgical excision of mucoceles is suitable for cooperative patients, alternative approaches may offer reduced chair time, minimal intraoperative bleeding, and enhanced postoperative recovery. For pediatric patients who demonstrate maladaptive behavior, certain treatment modalities may prove superior to surgical excision for the management of mucoceles.

Complications between ventral and lateral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy in dogs with sialocele.

OBJECTIVE: To compare complications of dogs treated with mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for sialocele using a lateral (LAT) or ventral paramedian (VPM) approach. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study. ANIMALS: Dogs (140) with mandibular and sublingual sialocele. METHODS: Medical records of dogs that underwent mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy through a LAT or VPM approach from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical and histopathological findings were analyzed to compare the groups. RESULTS: Seventy dogs were included in each group. The most represented breed was crossbreed (26%), and males (99/140 [71%], intact/neutered) were overrepresented. Dogs in the VPM approach group were more likely to undergo digastricus tunnelization and placement of a drain or a bandage. Dogs in the LAT approach group were heavier and more likely to undergo excision of an inflammatory pseudocapsule. No difference was detected in complication rates between groups (LAT [20%], VPM [31%], P = .116). Recurrences were more likely after LAT approach (5/70 vs 0/70, respectively; P = .029), whereas wound-related complications were more likely after VPM approach (20/70 vs 9/70, respectively; P = .018). Prolonged duration of surgery was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, and none of the other variables affected the complication rate. CONCLUSION: Ventral paramedian approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy was associated with a lower risk of recurrence but a higher risk of wound-related complications compared with LAT approach. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Ventral paramedian approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy may be preferred to reduce recurrence in dogs with sialoceles, but wound-related complications are common.

The anatomical basis and rational for the transoral approach during the surgical excision of the sublingual salivary gland for the management of plunging ranula.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to illustrate and confirm that the complete intraoral excision of the sublingual gland alone, is anatomically the most rational approach, for the management of plunging ranula. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical charts of diagnosed HIV-infected patients presenting with plunging ranula. The intraoral approach was used for the complete excision of the sublingual gland with evacuation of the pseudocystic content only. Neither extra oral approach, nor ranula dissection / drainage was performed. The surgical procedure was performed using local anesthesia. Pre- and postoperative MRI-scan investigations were recorded. Histological reports were documented to confirm the diagnosis of oral mucocele. Patients were clinically monitored. RESULTS: We identified 90 adults presenting with oral mucocele, type ranula. Seventy (77%) of them were diagnosed with HIV infection. Plunging ranula was recorded in 35 (50%) patients from the latter group. The study enrolled 11 operated patients whose files contained useable data, including an acceptable follow-up period. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from three to 15 months. The clinical and postoperative MRI-scans of operated patients demonstrated satisfactory results. There were neither postoperative complications nor recurrence of ranula reported. CONCLUSION: The location of the sublingual gland in the floor of the mouth coupled with the physio-pathogenesis of the plunging ranula, makes the transoral complete excision of the offending gland, with the intraoral evacuation of the pseudocyst, anatomically the most rational approach for plunging ranula management. There is no need for cervical approach, ranula dissection and/or postoperative placement of drainage.

Sjögren's syndrome and ranula development.

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the extravasation of saliva from damaged ducts with lymphocytic infiltration in patients with Sjögren's syndrome causes ranulas. There are too many uncertainties to support this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between Sjögren's syndrome and ranulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We observed three cases of patients with ranulas who were also diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome at the same facility. These cases led to the question of whether there are other such cases, and thus, an exhaustive literature search was conducted. RESULTS: Three cases in two case reports of mucocele of the floor of the mouth associated with adult Sjögren's syndrome were noted. Including our cases, until now, there have been six cases of ranula with adult Sjögren's syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: It could be useful to investigate whether patients presenting with a ranula are also affected by Sjögren's syndrome and, conversely, investigate patients with Sjögren's syndrome longitudinally to see whether they develop ranulas.

Endonasal endoscopic skullbase surgery in children.

OBJECTIVE: The role of endonasal endoscopic approach for pathologies in the paediatric population is evolving and has still not been accepted as standard of care in neurosurgery. It represents a challenge in terms of narrow access, instrument manipulation and adequate reconstruction of defects. We have described our experience in 49 cases from a single neurosurgical unit in paediatric skull base surgeries through this approach over the last 12 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case series of 59 paediatric skull base surgeries in 49 children through endoscopic endonasal route over the last 12 years is presented. The age ranges from 4 months to 18 years. Out of 49 cases, 22 cases were of craniopharyngiomas, 8 cases of pituitary adenomas, 5 cases with CSF rhinorrhea, 5 cases with meningoencephalocele, 3 cases of Rathke's cleft cysts, 2 cases of odontoidectomy and 4 miscellaneous cases viz. mucocele, hypothalamic glioma, esthesioneuroblastoma and epidermoid. CSF leaks were repaired with free graft in the initial years and by vascularized flap more recently. RESULTS: The goal of surgery was achieved in all but two cases in whom the tumour excision was unsatisfactory due to failure of the cyst wall to collapse after decompression. Extent of tumour excision was not compromised by the choice of this approach. Revision surgery for CSF leak was required in three patients. Local vascularized nasoseptal flap has been possible even in very young patients and has now become the standard for reconstruction. CONCLUSION: In spite of the challenges posed by small nostrils and ill-developed sinuses in the paediatric age group, surgery from endoscopic endonasal corridor is possible to be carried out successfully in selected cases.

Endoscopic Approach to Remove a Dental Implant With Simultaneous Laser-Cystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Removal of dental implants from the maxillary sinus may require surgical treatment of comorbidities. METHOD: Canine fossa endoscopy with an additional laterobasal access originally has been used for flapless sinus floor augmentation. The combined technique is presented to remove a titanium screw from the maxillary sinus. The same portals served for dissection of a mucocele using a diode laser. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of canine fossa endoscopy and laterobasal access allows an appropriate instrumentation and triangulation of the scope for the endoscopically assisted implant removal and dissection of the mucocele.

Identification of predictive variables for the recurrence of oral mucocele.

BACKGROUND: Oral mucocele is the most common minor salivary gland lesion with good prognosis after surgical removal. However, its recurrence is not rare, sometimes bothersome. This study aimed to identify the possible predictive variables affecting the recurrence rate of oral mucocele. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The histoclinical data of 164 patients diagnosed with oral mucocele were retrospectively obtained by reviewing dental records. The predictive variables for its recurrence were identified by analyzing its recurrence rate according to clinical variables. RESULTS: The recurrence rate showed the significant differences according to location and age. Oral mucocele recurred with significantly higher frequency on the ventral mucosa of tongue (50.0%) than on the labial/buccal mucosa (8.8%). Its recurrence was significantly more common in the younger patients (aged < 30 years, 16.0%) than in the older patients (aged > 30 years, 4.4%). However, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between surgical procedures using scalpels and those using lasers. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with oral mucocele should be more carefully informed of its possible recurrence, especially when it is found on the ventral surface of the tongue or in a younger population.

The efficacy of polidocanol sclerotherapy in mucocele of the minor salivary gland.

OBJECTIVES: Mucocele of the minor salivary gland is usually caused when the duct is injured, mucus leaks into the tissue space and the mucous gland are obstructed, which lead to cystic lesion formation and dilatation. Currently, there are multiple therapeutic methods available with various outcomes. This study aims to provide clinical evidence of polidocanol sclerotherapy for the treatment of mucocele of the minor salivary gland. METHODS: In this study, we injected polidocanol into 112 patients who were diagnosed with mucocele of the minor salivary gland and evaluated the treatment efficacy and safety systematically. RESULTS: Of the 122 cases, 102 cases were cured, eight cases showed remarkable remission, and two cases had partial remission. No recurrence was found during follow-up, and none of the cases showed an invalid effect, resulting in a total cure rate of 91.07%. No severe side effects were observed during treatment or the follow-up period. No significant difference in efficacy between different genders was found (P = 0.490). Polidocanol sclerotherapy for mucocele on the lower lip was more effective compared to mucocele on the inferior surface of the lingual apex (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Polidocanol sclerotherapy showed satisfying curative effects for mucocele of the minor salivary gland without causing side effects of anesthesia, trauma, or severe pain.

Frequency, location, and association with dental pathology of mucous retention cysts in the maxillary sinus. A radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, locations, and dimensions of mucous retention cysts of the maxillary sinus and analyze potential associated dental pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 156 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were included in the analysis, resulting in an evaluation of 310 maxillary sinuses. The presence of mucous retention cysts (MRC) manifesting as dome-shaped radiopacities in the sinus was diagnosed. Their locations were recorded, and dimensions (mm) were measured in coronal and sagittal/axial slices. The patients were grouped into (a) patients/sinuses with MRCs (test), and (b) patients/sinuses with healthy or any other changes (control) for further comparison and evaluation. RESULTS: There were 40 sinuses (12.9%) with a presence of a total of 56 MRCs. The mean age of involved patients was 29.0 years. The analysis showed that gender, age, sinus side, status of dentition, endodontic status, and periodontal status did not have a significant influence on the presence of MRCs when compared between test and control groups. Age and endodontic status exhibited a significant association with cyst location. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the sinuses analyzed (79.5%) did not present any MRC, and only 28.6% of the cysts diagnosed were found on the floor of the maxillary sinus. The mean dimension of the MRCs measured 6.28 ± 2.93 mm. No influencing factors on the presence or absence of MRCs were found in the present study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most MRCs were not located on the floor of maxillary sinus. Future studies should assess their impact on surgical interventions in the sinus.

Radiation-related superficial oral mucoceles: An under-recognized acute toxicity in head and neck cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Acute toxicity is usually defined as adverse changes occurring immediately or a short time after the start of oncological treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional retrospective study performed with head and neck cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy from 2013 to 2016. RESULTS: Ten (1.2%) patients developed SOMs during radiotherapy, most (80%) of which were men with a mean age of 59.5 years at diagnosis. SOMs mainly affected the floor of the mouth (60%) between the fourth and the sixth weeks of radiation therapy. All lesions were asymptomatic and spontaneously ruptured approximately 9 days after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, SOMs may be regarded as an acute oral toxicity of head and neck radiotherapy.

Superficial Mucocele of the Ventral Tongue: Presentation of a Rare Case and Literature Review.

The superficial mucocele is a rare variant of the common mucocele and noted microscopically by subepithelial pools of mucin. To increase the understanding of oral superficial mucoceles, a database was created from the demographics of case reports and case series from a PubMed search. At least 200 patients with superficial mucoceles have been described in the English-language literature, 82 of whom had biopsy-proven lesions; additional clinical information was available for 39 of these 82 patients. Compiled data suggest superficial mucoceles offered phenotypic distinctions from the common mucocele because they were more apt to occur in middle-aged women, often on the soft palate and buccal mucosa. Affected patients frequently had multiple lesions that were smaller than 3 mm and nearly 50% of patients developed recurrence. This report also describes the first histopathologically confirmed case of a superficial mucocele arising on the ventral tongue in a 22-year-old man. It is speculated that the glossal lesion might have developed from long-term impingement from exposed metal barbs from an orthodontic splint. Persistent lesions or atypical presentations underscore the need for histopathologic examination.

The effect of the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium on the maxillary sinus.

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium and its effects on the maxillary sinus, and the concurrent occurrence of morphological variations of neighboring anatomical structures. This study was performed in a tertiary referral center. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that evaluated coronal CTs of patients to determine the frequency of the accessory maxillary ostium and investigated any simultaneous morphological variations in neighboring anatomical structures. The presence of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) plus any concurrent morphological variations of neighboring structures were investigated in 377 patients, with 754 sides. AMO was found to be present in 19.1 % (72/377) of the patients. A concurrent mucus retention cyst was found to be statistically significant on both sides (right side: p = 0.00, left side: p = 0.00), as well as mucosal thickening (right side: p = 0.00, left side: p = 0.00), and maxillary sinusitis (right side: p = 0.04, left side: p = 0.03). No other concurrent variations of statistical significance were detected in the neighboring structures. Our study demonstrated that with the presence of AMO, the likelihood of encountering a mucus retention cyst (48.6 %) had an approximately threefold increase, and that of encountering mucosal thickening (43.0 %) and maxillary sinusitis (29.1 %) had a twofold increase.

Oral Mucoceles in Children--Analysis of 56 New Cases.

BACKGROUND: Mucoceles are common cystic lesions of the oral mucosa. Extravasation mucoceles (EMs) are mainly found in the lower lip of young patients, whereas retention mucoceles (RMs) are usually located in the cheek or palate of older patients. This study was undertaken to more fully characterize the clinicopathologic features of mucoceles in pediatric patients. METHODS: The records of 56 pediatric patients with mucoceles were included in the study. Age, sex, history of trauma, intraoral site, size, and method of treatment were evaluated. Histopathologically the lesions were classified as being EMs or RMs. RESULTS: The age range was 1.5 to 16 years (mean age 11.2 yrs). Of the 56 patients, 24 (43%) were males and 32 (57%) were females, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.33. A history of trauma was recorded in 32 (57%) patients of the lower lip. The intraoral sites were the lower lip (38 [68%]), tongue (10 [18%]), and floor of the mouth (8 [14%]). Of the 56 patients, 44 (79%) were EM and 12 (21%) were ranulas. No RMs were found. Mucoceles ranged from 0.3 to 3.8 cm in diameter (mean 0.9 cm). The treatment of EMs was surgical excision. Cryosurgey, electrosurgery, and carbon dioxide laser were also used. CONCLUSION: In contrast to adults, where EM and RM types can be found, among children all cases are of the EM type. The disparate site and age incidences of EMs and RMs of the oral mucosa suggest that these two types are not related and possibly have a different etiopathogenesis.