[The first translation on pediatrics: Er Ke Cuo Yao].

Er Ke Cuo Yao(The Pediatric Summary) is the first monograph on pediatrics of Western medicine translated and introduced in the late Qing Dynasty. It occupies an important position in the history of the development of modern pediatrics and modern Western medicine in China. Edited by American missionary Mary Hannah Fulton and translated by Chinese Western medicine scholar Yin Duanmo, the book consists of 2 volumes and 14 books, including general discussion of pediatrics, diagnosis of pediatric diseases, and discussion on teething, throat diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, worms, liver diseases, abdominal epimesis, and new infectious diseases, etc. covering the diagnosis, treatment, maintenance and other knowledge of Western medical pediatrics. The source of Er Ke Cuo Yao is not yet available, but it may be a synthesis of various materials, and the translation uses paraphrasing, transliteration, and traditional Chinese medicine terminology, and the language is easy to understand. Er Ke Cuo Yao reflects the level of development of pediatrics in Western medicine in the early modern period, makes up for the lack of pediatrics knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and plays an active role in the diagnosis and treatment of common pediatric diseases, epidemiological diseases, surgical diseases, and malnutrition prevention.

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: its history.

The story of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is one of serendipity. By chance, Simon van Creveld and Richard Ellis purportedly met on a train and combined their independently encountered patients with short stature, dental anomalies and polydactyly into one landmark publication in 1940. They included a patient used in work published previously by Rustin McIntosh without naming McIntosh as a coauthor. This patient was followed radiologically by Caffey for nearly two decades. In 1964, Victor McKusick felt compelled to investigate a brief report in an obscure pharmaceutical journal on an unusual geographic cluster of short-statured Amish patients in Pennsylvania. This review highlights the lives of the individuals involved in the discovery of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in their historic context.

[Children's diseases in the columns of "The Weekly Medicine"]. / Choroby noworodków i niemowlat na lamach "Tygodnika Lekarskiego" 1848-1868.

"The Weekly Medicine", the first scientific weekly journal, was published in Warsaw in the years 1847-1868. Its editor and publisher was L. Natanson. The weekly comprised original works, translations from foreign periodicals, books reviews, correspondence, biographies and reports from for example the Warsaw Medical Society. A lot of attention devoted to sickness from birth till adult. In "The Weekly Medicine" wrote polish authors and were very articles translations from foreign periodicals. Authors talked about younger children's illnesses: hydrocephalus, conjunctivitis, thrush, diarrhoea, convulsions, pleurisy, liver cancer, syphilis and teething. In articles have been descriptioned sickness and treatmented. Information about children's illnesses creating basis to develop independent pediatrics science.

Dr James George Beaney (1828-1891): a pioneer Australian paediatrician and paediatric surgeon.

Dr James George Beaney (1828-1891) was a flamboyant and controversial Melbourne surgeon and paediatrician. He was the first in Australia, in 1859, to publish a medical textbook; and the first, in 1873, to publish a paediatric text, Children: their treatment in health and disease. An analysis of four of his published works relating to paediatrics and paediatric surgery establishes his place as a true pioneer in the chronology of children's medicine and welfare in his adopted land. He undertook heroic yet conservative surgery on children, was the first to write in detail about paediatric anaesthesia, and was the pioneer of family planning in Australia. In Children: their treatment in health and disease, he described in detail the supreme importance of breastfeeding, detailed clear practical concepts for the weaning of infants and discussed the diagnosis and management of diseases of the mouth, ears, eyes and teeth of infants. Beaney was shunned by much of the established medical profession because of his self-promoting flamboyance and his egotism. However, an audit of surviving archives and of his published works affords him a place as another, hitherto unacknowledged true pioneer of Australian paediatrics.

Medically attended injuries among young children: observations in a suburban area. 1964.

A control study of the effect of public health education on the rate of accidental injuries among children under 7 years of age in a newly developing suburban area provided an opportunity to gain an insight into the nature and extent of the accident problem itself during a one year baseline period preceding the educational phase of the study. An accident was arbitrarily defined as any actual or presumed trauma following an incident for which direct medical or dental attention was obtained. Data were gathered through regular visits of data collectors to physicians, dentists, and hospitals in the area. An annual accident rate of 124 per 1000 children under 7 years of age was found. Two or more accident occurred to 10% of the children. The highest injury rate by age (179 per 1000 children) was found among 2 year old children, with the rate amount 2 year old boys 75% higher than any other age-sex group. The possible relationships of suburban living to the type and location of accidents by age and sex and to the variation in accidents by day of week are also presented.

Max Grob (1901-1976).

Max Grob's first appointment in 1928 was as a first-year resident at the cantonal infants' hospital of his native town, Zurich. He then worked with Monnier in the surgical department of the same hospital and was so fascinated by his task that he decided to devote himself exclusively to paediatric surgery and completed his training with P. Clairmont at the University Hospital of Zurich in 1936. This was followed by a 6-month course in the surgical department directed by L. Ombredanne at the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Paris, where he studied the techniques used in paediatric surgery and in particular in paediatric urology. With Veau, he familiarized himself with the treatment of cleft lip, jaw and palate. Back in Zurich in late 1936, he opened a private practice as a specialist in paediatrics and surgery. Two years later he was elected to be Monnier's successor at the children's hospital. It was wartime, and there was no exchange of experience on an international level. His main interest was in surgical correction of congenital malformations and cardiac surgery. He carried out the first heart operation in a child in Switzerland and was successful. He operated on a wide variety of congenital heart defects and introduced artificial hypothermia. He was the first to use a heart-lung machine and also did pioneering work in the field of surgical treatment of cleft lip, jaw and palate. He was the first surgeon in Switzerland to perform a pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease and to undertake correction of a "short oesophagus".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)