RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The zygomycete fungi like Rhizomucor miehei have been extensively exploited for the production of various enzymes. As a thermophilic fungus, R. miehei is capable of growing at temperatures that approach the upper limits for all eukaryotes. To date, over hundreds of fungal genomes are publicly available. However, Zygomycetes have been rarely investigated both genetically and genomically. RESULTS: Here, we report the genome of R. miehei CAU432 to explore the thermostable enzymatic repertoire of this fungus. The assembled genome size is 27.6-million-base (Mb) with 10,345 predicted protein-coding genes. Even being thermophilic, the G + C contents of fungal whole genome (43.8%) and coding genes (47.4%) are less than 50%. Phylogenetically, R. miehei is more closerly related to Phycomyces blakesleeanus than to Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus oryzae. The genome of R. miehei harbors a large number of genes encoding secreted proteases, which is consistent with the characteristics of R. miehei being a rich producer of proteases. The transcriptome profile of R. miehei showed that the genes responsible for degrading starch, glucan, protein and lipid were highly expressed. CONCLUSIONS: The genome information of R. miehei will facilitate future studies to better understand the mechanisms of fungal thermophilic adaptation and the exploring of the potential of R. miehei in industrial-scale production of thermostable enzymes. Based on the existence of a large repertoire of amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic genes in the genome, R. miehei has potential in the production of a variety of such enzymes.
Assuntos
Genoma Fúngico , Rhizomucor/genética , Transcriptoma , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Celulose/metabolismo , Cromossomos Fúngicos , Esterases/genética , Esterases/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genômica , Lipase/genética , Lipase/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeo Hidrolases/genética , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Filogenia , Rhizomucor/classificação , Rhizomucor/enzimologiaRESUMO
In this article, we describe a chronic case of rhinofacial mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis, formerly known as Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis, a rare mycotic agent in humans. The infection caused progressive destruction of the nasal septum and soft and hard palate, leading to collapse of the nose bridge and an ulcerative gaping hole. The mucoralean mold cultured from a nasal biopsy specimen was determined by multilocus DNA sequence data to be conspecific with M. irregularis.
Assuntos
Mucormicose/diagnóstico , Rhizomucor/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Biópsia , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Genes de RNAr , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mucormicose/microbiologia , Mucormicose/patologia , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Septo Nasal/patologia , Palato/patologia , Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética , Filogenia , RNA Fúngico/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Rhizomucor/classificação , Rhizomucor/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Úlcera Cutânea/patologiaRESUMO
Rhizomucor variabilis and Hormographiella aspergillata rarely cause human infections. This report details a fatal case of a 14-year-old female with leukemia posthematopoietic cell transplant and relapse with refractory pancytopenia. The patient first developed an R. variabilis var. regularior palate infection and later developed a cutaneous H. aspergillata infection while on posaconazole and caspofungin therapy.
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/efeitos adversos , Coprinus , Micoses , Neutropenia/complicações , Rhizomucor , Adolescente , Coprinus/classificação , Coprinus/isolamento & purificação , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Mucormicose/diagnóstico , Mucormicose/microbiologia , Micoses/diagnóstico , Micoses/microbiologia , Palato/microbiologia , Rhizomucor/classificação , Rhizomucor/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The combination of resection of infected tissue and antifungal therapy is the treatment of choice in mucormycosis. In disseminated mucormycosis, where surgery is impossible, the mortality is almost 90%. We report the first case of disseminated mucormycosis that was cured with a combination therapy of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole without surgical intervention.