Flagellar filament structural protein induces Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis in mice.

OBJECTIVE: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects lacrimal and salivary glands. We previously reported that FliC derived from Escherichia coli could induce autoimmune pancreatitis-like lesions. From these results, we speculated that FliC could also induce SS-like exocrinopathy. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to FliC on lacrimal and salivary glands and the possibility that it might lead to an autoimmune response. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly injected with FliC and histological changes, serum levels of cytokine/chemokines and autoantibodies were evaluated at different time points after the final injection. The presence of sialadenitis was diagnosed by histological methods. RESULTS: In FliC-treated groups, 57% of subjects developed inflammatory cell infiltrates around ducts in mandibular salivary glands, but not lacrimal glands. In addition, serum levels of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were significantly higher in FliC-treated groups. Intriguingly, serum anti-SSA/Ro levels were also significantly higher in FliC-treated groups. Cytokine analysis revealed that serum levels of IL-1ß, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-15, and IL-23 seemed to be higher in FliC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that FliC-treated mice develop an SS-like phenotype. Our model may elucidate the relationship between commensal bacteria and SS.

Differences between radioactive iodine-induced sialadenitis and chronic obstructive parotitis.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the diagnosis and treatment outcomes between radioactive iodine-induced sialadenitis (RAIS) and chronic obstructive parotitis (COP). The study cohort comprised 47 consecutive patients diagnosed with RAIS and 50 patients with COP. All patients were treated by interventional endoscopy. Clinical, sialography, and endoscopy characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Compared with the COP group, the RAIS group included more females (male:female ratio 1:8.4 vs 1:2.1; P = 0.011) and had a younger onset age (42 vs 50 years; P = 0.001) and shorter disease duration prior to hospital visit (5.4 vs 34.8 months; P < 0.001). In the RAIS group, sialography revealed obliteration of the main duct (20.4% vs 0%; P < 0.001), non-visualization of the main gland (23.7% vs 0%; P < 0.001), and incomplete contrast filling of the main gland (19.4% vs 6.4%; P = 0.008), which were scarcely observed in the COP group. Endoscopy revealed a higher percentage of duct atresia in RAIS compared to COP (20.4% vs 0%; P < 0.001). During follow-up, a higher percentage of RAIS patients had duct atresia and gland atrophy (49.5% vs 1.1%, P < 0.001). Compared with COP, RAIS more commonly involves younger females and has a shorter disease duration. Atresia of the main duct and atrophy of the gland parenchyma occur more often despite the use of interventional endoscopy.

Effect of HAART on salivary gland function in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on salivary gland function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 668 HIV positive women from the WIHS cohort with an initial and at least one follow-up oral sub-study visit contributed 5358 visits. Salivary gland function was assessed based on a dry mouth questionnaire, whole unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, salivary gland enlargement or tenderness and lack of saliva on palpation of the major salivary glands. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in unstimulated and stimulated flow rates at any given visit from that of the immediate prior visit (continuous variables). The development of self-reported dry mouth (present/absent), enlargement or tenderness of salivary glands (present/absent), and absence of secretion on palpation of the salivary glands were binary outcomes (yes/no). RESULTS: Protease Inhibitor (PI) based HAART was a significant risk factor for developing decreased unstimulated (P = 0.01) and stimulated (P = 0.0004) salivary flow rates as well as salivary gland enlargement (P = 0.006) as compared with non-PI based HAART. CONCLUSIONS: PI-based HAART therapy is a significant risk factor for developing reduced salivary flow rates and salivary gland enlargement in HIV positive patients.

Oral mucosal injury caused by denture cleanser tablets: a case report.

A case of chemical injury to the oral mucosa that resulted in obstructive sialadenitis of the submandibular glands is presented. The injury occurred when a patient chewed, swished, and expectorated an immersion-type denture-cleansing tablet attempting to clean a fixed bridge. The literature is reviewed for similar oral mucosal injury caused by improper use of denture-cleansing products. Suggestions for the prevention of such injuries are made.

[The sources of active forms of oxygen in the normal oral tissues and in pathology]. / Istochniki aktivnykh form kisloroda v tkaniakh rotovoi polosti v norme i pri patologii.

In the experiment on rats the changes of the superoxydanionradical production from microsomal and mitochondrial oxidation and tissue phagocytes of the saliva gland and parodontium in contact sialadenitis, spontaneous parodontitis, after ionizing radiation have been investigated. It is supposed that an increase or decrease of superoxydanionradical production from different sources demands a differentiated corrective approach.

Sulfadiazine-induced sialadenitis.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of sialadenitis induced by sulfadiazine. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old man with bronchitis developed swelling of the parotid glands and floor of the mouth as well as plugging in his ears 2 hours after ingestion of Bronco-aseptilex (sulfadiazine, cyclamate, and guaiacol). Skin-prick tests performed with serial dilutions of sulfadiazine and Bronco-aseptilex were all negative. We then performed oral challenge tests with Bronco-aseptilex, sulfadiazine, and other compounds of the commercial syrup. Enlargement of the salivary glands was observed after oral challenge tests with Bronco-aseptilex and sulfadiazine. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a patient who developed drug-induced sialadenitis. The oral challenge test confirmed that sulfadiazine was the etiologic agent.

Captopril-induced bilateral parotid and submandibular sialadenitis.

Two cases of sialadenitis following treatment with captopril are described. In case 1, an upper chest and facial erythema and dryness of the mouth accompanied the swelling of the salivary glands. In case 2, a conjunctival erythema accompanied the sialadenitis. None of the patients had previously used captopril, and, in both cases, the swelling occurred within the first hour after the drug intake; the patients had a complete recovery within a few hours after captopril was withdrawn. It is possible that the reported effect was caused by a type-B idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction.

[Animal model for the etiopathogenesis of sialadenitis].

A longitudinal study with patient-specific jaw models and simultaneous X-Rays was undertaken to examine the eruption behaviour of the mandibular premolars following physiological and pathological resorption of the roots of primary teeth. 1. The molars of the first dentition fall out earlier after pathological resorption of the roots of primary teeth. In the presence of an occlusal bony bridge the appearance of a new tooth may take years. The eruption of the replacing tooth is delayed or it may be retained. 2. The eruption times of premolars after physiological resorption of primary tooth roots given in the literature and those obtained by the author converge. After pathological resorption of primary tooth roots and rarefying osteitis with interruption of the lamina dura, vertical development occurs significantly sooner (p less than 0,01). 3. The sequence of eruption of the premolars can be altered after pathological resorption of primary tooth roots.

Effects of tobacco and diuretics on human palatal salivary glands.

The prevalence of macrophotographically documented sialadenitis in the palatal mucosa of 184 probands, aged 23 yr or older, was studied in the Koster Health project. A total of 75 (mean age 58.9) revealed inflammatory changes around the duct orifices of the palatal glands. In 10, biopsies were performed for histomorphologic analyses to confirm the diagnosis of sialadenitis. Statistics with matched pairs showed a significantly higher ratio of tobacco use among individuals with sialadenitis than among those with clinically unchanged palatal gland orifices. A relationship between the use of diuretics and sialadenitis was also statistically significant. It can be concluded that tobacco use and diuretics may induce inflammatory changes in the palatal glands and that macrophotography of the palatal mucosa may serve as a valuable, non-invasive method for scoring sialadenitis.

Relationship of oral complications to peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy often suffer from oral complications as a result of their disease and its treatment. The effects of the chemotherapy on the bone marrow and oral mucosa, coupled with the patient's immunosuppressed state and altered oral microbial flora, predispose these patients to oral mucositis, infection, and hemorrhage. The oral mucosa appears to mirror the effects of the chemotherapy on the bone marrow, as there appears to be a direct relationship between the changing peripheral blood counts and the status of the oral mucosa.

[Cytostatic-induced stomatitis]. / Zytostatika-induzierte Stomatitis.

45 patients with oral cancer preoperatively received regional intraarterial chemotherapy (RIAC). All patients developed stomatitis or glossitis limited to the region of cytostatic perfusion. Between 1 and 19 days (median 4 days) after RIAC the tumor was removed by hemiglossectomy, partial resection of the floor of the mouth etc. The tissue alterations induced by chemotherapy in these surgical specimens were analyzed histomorphologically. Stomatitis due to RIAC was characterized by necrosis, ulceration and severe epithelial dysplasia of mucous membranes. Approximately 2 weeks after chemotherapy both the inflammatory changes and the dysplasia had disappeared completely. The differences between spontaneous premalignant dysplasia of the oral cavity and dysplasia induced by RIAC are discussed.

Carcinogênese quimicamente induzida por DMBA em glândulas salivares submandibulares de ratos (rattus norvegicus) / Chemical carcinogenesis in rat (rattus norvegicus) submandibular gland using DMBA

A carcinogênese consiste em um processo de alterações genéticas após contato celular com agentes físicos, químicos ou biológicos. Esta interação pode culminar em manifestações de fenótipos malignos celulares. No estudo experimental da carcinogênese em glândulas salivares animais, os autores são unânimes em apontar os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) como potentes agentes carcinogênicos. O 7,12 û dimetilbenzantraceno (DMBA), pertencente ao grupo dos HPA, é considerado o carcinógeno químico de eleição para a tumorigênese de glândulas salivares animais. Este trabalho visou o estudo de DMBA injetado em glândulas salivares submandibulares de ratos. Foram utilizados 28 ratos (Rattus norvegicus), com três meses de idade e peso aproximado de 300g. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos de sete indivíduos. Após anestesia, tricotomia e anti-sepsia as glândulas submandibulares esquerdas de todos os animais foram expostas por incisão cervical anterior. Utilizando-se seringa de 1,0 ml injetou-se 0,1 ml de solução de DMBA/acetona à 2% naquelas glândulas. O plano epitelial foi suturado com seda preta 3-Ø. Ao final da 5ª, 10ª, 15ª, e 20ª semanas os animais foram sacrificados utilizando-se doses letais da solução anestésica/relaxante. Os resultados revelaram, na 5ª semana, sete casos de sialadenite crônica. Na 10ª semana, um caso com atipia celular ductal, dois casos de carcinoma epidermóide e quatro de sialadenite crônica. Entre a 15ª e 20ª semanas, foram observados três casos de hiperemia, três casos de carcinoma epidermóide, um caso de sarcoma e sete casos de carcinossarcoma. A análise dos dados, em porcentagem, revelou: 3,6% de atipia celular, 3,6% de sarcoma, 10,7% de hiperemia, 17,9% de carcinoma epidermóide, 25% de carcinossarcoma e 39,4% de sialadenite crônica. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos permitiram o estudo da história natural da carcinogênese glandular por DMBA desde os processos inflamatórios iniciais até à formação de neoplasias mesenquimais, epiteliais e mistas.