Does the Nutritional Intake and Diet Quality of Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Differ From Healthy Controls? A Comprehensive Evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience many obstacles to achieving optimal dietary intake. Dietary intake patterns remain unexplored or poorly described. This study compares nutritional intake and diet quality of Australian children with CKD to controls. METHODS: A food frequency questionnaire captured intake data and was compared to controls. Nutritional intake was determined using individualized nutrient reference values, and diet quality described using the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and the Australian Child and Adolescent Recommended Food Score. RESULTS: Children with CKD (n = 36) and controls (n = 82) were studied. Children with CKD had lower weight and height z scores, but higher body mass index (P < .0001 for all parameters). Children with CKD had adequate energy intake, and excessive protein and sodium intake (336% and 569%). They were significantly less likely to meet requirements for vitamin A (P < .001), thiamine (P = .006), folate (P = .01), vitamin C (P = .008), calcium (P < .0001), iron (P = .01), magnesium (P = .0009), and potassium (P = .002). No child met recommended vegetable intake; however, less than half of children with CKD met fruit (44%), grains (31%), and dairy serves (31%). They were also less likely to meet recommended fruit and dairy serves (P = .04 and P = .01, respectively). Non-core foods provided 36% of energy, and although comparable to controls, was contributed more by takeaway foods (P = .01). CONCLUSION: Children with CKD have reduced nutritional intake of key nutrients and consume more takeaways than controls. Attention to increasing core foods, limiting sodium intake, and managing restrictions while promoting nutrient density appears necessary.

Cyberbullying among Adolescents in Egypt: A Call for Correlates with Sense of Emotional Security and Psychological Capital Profile.

PURPOSE: Modern technology created a borderless world that generated a new covert psychological form of bullying conveyed through electronic mediums. Cyberbullying phenomenon could infiltrate adolescents' personal life and undermine their psychological health status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Egyptian adolescents' exposure to cyberbullying and their sense of emotional security and psychological capital profile. DESIGN AND METHOD: A descriptive correlational study was carried out at eight youth centers in Alexandria, Egypt. A random selection of 400 adolescents completed the Cyberbullying Exposure and Psychological Capital Questionnaires. They also rated their emotions on the Security-Insecurity Inventory. RESULTS: The total mean score of emotional security among adolescents cybervictims was 68.34 ± 27.83 compared to 109.16 ± 24.63 for those who did not expose to cyberbullying (t = -12.16, P < 0.001). Likewise, the total mean score of the psychological capital profile was low among cybervictims (61.76 ± 2.65) compared to those who had not been cyberbullied (99.94 ± 5.52), p = 0.003. CONCLUSION: Adolescents' sense of emotional security and psychological capital profile were negatively correlated with their exposure to cyberbullying. National campaigns should be launched to raise adolescents' awareness of cyberbullying threats. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Our findings bear important nursing implications regarding the prevention and management of cyberbullying phenomenon. Cyberbullying could be combated by adopting school-based interventions and parents' guidelines. Schools should offer anti-cyberbullying programs, while the nurse should instruct parents to keep an open channel of communication with their children, indirectly supervise their online behaviors, remain vigilant for the indicators of cybervictimization, and intervene when necessary. The nurses also play a crucial role in equipping the adolescents with the proper way to handle such problems.