Diabetic Mastopathy: A Systematic Review of Surgical Management of a Rare Breast Disease.

Diabetic mastopathy is a benign condition of the breast that typically manifests in patients with diabetes mellitus. Lymphocytic mastopathy is the term used to describe this condition in patients without diabetes mellitus. Most patients undergo excisional biopsy, but the use of mastectomy, even in cases of diffuse, bilateral disease, is rarely reported. We present a 32-year-old female patient with type 1 diabetes and bilateral diabetic mastopathy. Because of pain, and concern for limitations in future cancer detection, she underwent bilateral nipple-sparing mastectomies with immediate direct-to-implant reconstruction. A systematic literature review was performed to examine the treatment options for this disease, particularly from a plastic surgery perspective. Sixty articles were reviewed which contained information regarding 313 patients. Of these patients, only 4 underwent mastectomy. This case is the first report of bilateral nipple sparing mastectomy and immediate implant reconstruction for a patient with bilateral, symptomatic diabetic mastopathy.

Palatal and oral manifestations of Muenke syndrome (FGFR3-related craniosynostosis).

Although Muenke syndrome is the most common syndromic form of craniosynostosis, the frequency of oral and palatal anomalies including high-arched palate, cleft lip with or without cleft palate has not been documented in a patient series of Muenke syndrome to date. Further, to our knowledge, cleft lip and palate has not been reported yet in a patient with Muenke syndrome (a previous patient with isolated cleft palate has been reported). This study sought to evaluate the frequency of palatal anomalies in patients with Muenke syndrome through both a retrospective investigation and literature review. A total of 21 patients who met criteria for this study were included in the retrospective review. Fifteen patients (71%) had a structural anomaly of the palate. Cleft lip and palate was present in 1 patient (5%). Other palatal findings included high-arched hard palate in 14 patients (67%). Individuals with Muenke syndrome have the lowest incidence of cleft palate among the most common craniosynostosis syndromes. However, high-arched palate in Muenke syndrome is common and may warrant clinical attention, as these individuals are more susceptible to recurrent chronic otitis media with effusion, dental malocclusion, and hearing loss.