Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM.

Transmission spectroscopy1-3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapour, aerosols and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres4,5. However, these previous inferences with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes were hindered by the observations' relatively narrow wavelength range and spectral resolving power, which precluded the unambiguous identification of other chemical species-in particular the primary carbon-bearing molecules6,7. Here we report a broad-wavelength 0.5-5.5 µm atmospheric transmission spectrum of WASP-39b8, a 1,200 K, roughly Saturn-mass, Jupiter-radius exoplanet, measured with the JWST NIRSpec's PRISM mode9 as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team Program10-12. We robustly detect several chemical species at high significance, including Na (19σ), H2O (33σ), CO2 (28σ) and CO (7σ). The non-detection of CH4, combined with a strong CO2 feature, favours atmospheric models with a super-solar atmospheric metallicity. An unanticipated absorption feature at 4 µm is best explained by SO2 (2.7σ), which could be a tracer of atmospheric photochemistry. These observations demonstrate JWST's sensitivity to a rich diversity of exoplanet compositions and chemical processes.

Repeat breeding: prevalence and potential causes in dairy cows at different milk pocket areas of Bangladesh.

The objective of this study was to figure out the prevalence and probable causes of repeat breeding (RB) in dairy cows. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 265 dairy farms in Sirajganj, Bogura, Rangpur, Satkhira, and Munshiganj districts of Bangladesh from December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected through a direct interview method using a survey questionnaire. The reproductive organs of repeat breeder cows were examined for pathological, infectious, and functional reasons, and genital tract abnormalities. Additionally, the influence of nutrition, season, and age on the frequency of RB was recorded. The prevalence of RB was 28% among the 3824 cows investigated. Among the total repeat breeder cases, 72.54% of RB cases were found in Holstein-Friesian crossbred, 23.90% in Jersey crossbred, 1.50% in Sahiwal crossbred, and 2.06% in indigenous cows. The prevalence of RB was significantly highest (P < 0.01) in Satkhira (44.35%) and lowest in the Munshiganj district (15.87%). Data indicated that a major proportion of cows significantly (P < 0.05) faced RB problems due to functional causes (34.18%), followed by pathological causes (28.01%), genital tract abnormalities (21.32%), and infectious causes (16.49%). Furthermore, the cows were remarkably (P < 0.001) affected in RB during the summer season and nutritional deficient diseases like milk fever (70%). Age (3-7 years) had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the RB occurrence (90%) in crossbred cows. However, particular focus should be given to systematic breeding, balanced nutrition, artificial inseminator efficiency, and hygienic inseminating tools to reduce RB incidence in high-yielding crossbred cows.

Error-Aware Data Clustering for In-Network Data Reduction in Wireless Sensor Networks.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) deploys hundreds or thousands of nodes that may introduce large-scale data over time. Dealing with such an amount of collected data is a real challenge for energy-constraint sensor nodes. Therefore, numerous research works have been carried out to design efficient data clustering techniques in WSNs to eliminate the amount of redundant data before transmitting them to the sink while preserving their fundamental properties. This paper develops a new error-aware data clustering (EDC) technique at the cluster-heads (CHs) for in-network data reduction. The proposed EDC consists of three adaptive modules that allow users to choose the module that suits their requirements and the quality of the data. The histogram-based data clustering (HDC) module groups temporal correlated data into clusters and eliminates correlated data from each cluster. Recursive outlier detection and smoothing (RODS) with HDC module provides error-aware data clustering, which detects random outliers using temporal correlation of data to maintain data reduction errors within a predefined threshold. Verification of RODS (V-RODS) with HDC module detects not only random outliers but also frequent outliers simultaneously based on both the temporal and spatial correlations of the data. The simulation results show that the proposed EDC is computationally cheap, able to reduce a significant amount of redundant data with minimum error, and provides efficient error-aware data clustering solutions for remote monitoring environmental applications.

Treatment effects of Reverse Twin-Block and Reverse Pull Face Mask on craniofacial morphology in early and late mixed dentition children.

OBJECTIVE: Reverse Twin-Block (RTB) and Reverse Pull Face Mask (RPFM) appliances are used to correct Class III malocclusion in growing patients. Aim of this retrospective study was to compare and analyse craniofacial changes produced by RTB and RPFM in the early and late mixed dentition in Malay children with Class III malocclusion. METHODS: Data consisted of pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 95 children, 49 patients with RTB and 46 patients with RPFM, divided into an early (8-9 year) and late (10-11 year) group. Treatment changes were assessed by the Ricketts analysis using CASSOS software, where 71 anatomic landmarks were identified in each cephalogram. Paired and independent t tests were performed for statistical comparison. RESULTS: Paired t test revealed significant changes in facial axis, facial angle, MD plane to FH, lower facial height, mandibular arc, maxillary convexity, U1 to APog, L1 to APog, L1 to APog angle and upper lip to E-plane measurements in RPFM, whereas significant changes were found in facial taper, U1 to APog and lower lip to E-plane values with RTB in the early treatment group. Independent t test revealed significant changes in U1 to APog, L1 to APog and U6 to PtV values in the RTB group. Post-treatment comparison of RTB and RPFM showed significant differences in L1 to APog and L1 to APog angle values. CONCLUSIONS: RPFM revealed more favourable craniofacial changes than RTB, particularly in the late mixed dentition stage.

Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Triplet Autograft of Semitendinosus Tendon.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament occurs in young adult population, which markedly reduces activity level. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a threat to the homeostasis of the knee. So, reconstruction of the ACL is necessary to make them fit and return to their pre-injury activity level. The choice of graft for ACL reconstruction is a matter of debate, with the BPTB graft and quadruple graft of ST-G being the two most popular options. Use of triplet graft of semi-tendinosus tendon alone without sacrificing gracilis is another option. So hypothesis was Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with triplet autograft of semi-tendinosus tendon alone is an effective procedure. This prospective interventional study was conducted from October 2011 to March 2013 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fourteen patients who had a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture underwent arthroscopic reconstruction with triplet graft of semi-tendinosus tendon. Accelerated ACL reconstruction rehabilitation protocol was followed and final outcome evaluation done at 24 weeks according to IKDC knee examination form and Lysholm knee scoring scale. Preoperative Lysholm knee score was 52.64 and postoperative score was 90, that shows significant improvement (p<0.05). According to Lysholm knee scoring scale, excellent results (95-100 points) were obtained in 33% patients, good results (85-94 points) in 53% patients, fair and poor (7% each). For arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, choice of semi-tendinosus tendon alone preserving gracilis, comparable outcome as with BPTB/ST-G graft, can be achieved, minimizing the hamstring strength deficit. Moreover gracilis being reserved for future use in revision ACL reconstruction and/or in other reconstructive surgery.

Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report.

Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) of the pancreas is a very rare neoplasm. We report a case of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma involving the uncinate process of the pancreas. A 45 year old man presented with a painful upper abdominal mass without any jaundice or weight loss. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangio-Pancreatography (MRCP) indicated a mass lesion in the uncinate process of the pancreas. He underwent Whipple's procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy). Histological slides revealed features of Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) in the uncinate process of the pancreas and a lymph node.

Panoramic radiography in evaluating the relationship of mandibular canal and impacted third molars in comparison with cone-beam computed tomography.

This study evaluated the validity of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of mandibular canal and impacted third molar. In this descriptive-analytical study, 58 mandibular third molars from 42 patients who showed a close relationship between impacted third molar and canal on panoramic radiographs were selected. They were then classified into seven radiographic markers in panoramic radiographs (superimposition, darkening of the root, interruption of the white lines, root narrowing, canal diversion, canal narrowing, and also closed distance in OPG <1mm). The groups of markers were further assessed with CBCT to see presence or absence of contact. The three most common markers seen in panoramic images are superimposition, interruption of white line and root darkening. In CBCT, superimposition marker always presented higher frequency of contact with canal compared to non-contact group. There are 31% of teeth presented with interruption of white lines and there are 29.3% of teeth presented with superimposition. About 55.6% and 35.3% of the impacted mandibular third molars which indicated interruption of white lines and superimposition also indicated contact in the CBCT respectively. Presence or absence of radiological sign in panoramic radiography was not properly predict a close relationship with third molar and it is suggested that in case of tooth-canal overlapping, the patient should be referred for CBCT assessment.

Principal milk components in buffalo, holstein cross, indigenous cattle and red chittagong cattle from bangladesh.

The aim of the present study was to get a total physical and chemical characterization and comparison of the principal components in Bangladeshi buffalo (B), Holstein cross (HX), Indigenous cattle (IC) and Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) milk. Protein and casein (CN) composition and type, casein micellar size (CMS), naturally occurring peptides, free amino acids, fat, milk fat globule size (MFGS), fatty acid composition, carbohydrates, total and individual minerals were analyzed. These components are related to technological and nutritional properties of milk. Consequently, they are important for the dairy industry and in the animal feeding and breeding strategies. Considerable variation in most of the principal components of milk were observed among the animals. The milk of RCC and IC contained higher protein, CN, ß-CN, whey protein, lactose, total mineral and P. They were more or less similar in most of the all other components. The B milk was found higher in CN number, in the content of αs2-, κ-CN and α-lactalbumin, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, Ca and Ca:P. The B milk was also lower in ß-lactoglobulin content and had the largest CMS and MFGS. Proportion of CN to whey protein was lower in HX milk and this milk was found higher in ß-lactoglobulin and naturally occuring peptides. Considering the results obtained including the ratio of αs1-, αs2-, ß- and κ-CN, B and RCC milk showed best data both from nutritional and technological aspects.

Structural, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19 hexaferrite modified by co-substitution of Cu and Gd.

A hard magnetic system of SrFe12O19 nanomaterial was modified according to the composition of Sr0.95Gd0.05Fe12-xCuxO19 with x = 0.0, 0.30, and 0.60 using the sol-gel technique. The structures of the samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) along with Rietveld refinement, and an M-type hexaferrite with a hexagonal structure was confirmed with a trace amount of the α-Fe2O3 phase. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed polycrystalline nanoplates in all samples. Furthermore, the bond structures of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites along with the thermodynamic properties of these ferrites were extracted from the FTIR spectra at room temperature. The Debye temperature (θD) decreased from 755.9 K to 749.3 K due to the co-substitution of Gd3+ at Sr2+ and Cu2+ at Fe3+. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) measurements revealed that the coercivity decreased from 5.3 kOe to 1.5 kOe along with the highest magnetization saturation (Ms) of 65.2 emu g-1 for the composition Sr0.95Gd0.05Fe11.7Cu0.3O19, which is suitable for industrial application. The effect of local crystalline anisotropy in magnetization was explored using the law of approach to saturation (LAS). Finally, thermo-magnetization was recorded in the range from 400 K to 5 K for cooling under zero field and in the presence of a 100 Oe field, and magnetic transitions were tracked due to the introduction of the foreign atoms of Gd and Cu into SrFe12O19.

Effect of gamma (γ-) radiation on the opto-structural and morphological properties of green synthesized BaO nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera leaves.

In this current assessment, BaO synthesized from Moringa Oleifera leaves were irradiated using 0-75 kGy gamma radiation and investigated its physical impacts. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) data demonstrated the synthesis of tetragonal BaO, and no phase deviation was observed after irradiation. As doses are increased, the overall crystallite size were decreased due to an increase in defects and disorders. The tetragonal BaO was evident in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra prior to and following irradiation, while peak intensities and wavenumbers varied considerably. The as-prepared BaO showed a spherical shape morphology, and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicated no vital deviations in it after irradiation. As irradiation shifts from 0 to 75 kGy, optical bandgap was increased from 4.55 to 4.93 eV, evaluated using Kubelka-Munk (K-M) equation from UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Opto-electronic and photonic devices have challenges in extreme radiation conditions, such as space and nuclear environments. So, these assessments suggested that BaO can withstand high levels of gamma photon and could be a good option for photonic and optoelectronic instruments in an extreme gamma-ray exposed conditions.

Cardiovascular Risk Scoring of Hospitalized Chronic Kidney Disease Patients by Framingham Risk Score.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to have complications due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chittagong, Bangladesh from June to December, 2014 and was performed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular events according to Framingham's Risk Score of CKD patients. In this research, 100 patients who was diagnosed as CKD and admitted in the Chittagong Medical College Hospital were enrolled. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated with the MDRD formula. Cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed by Framinghams criteria and after compilation data were analyzed by SPSS-18.0. Among 100 patients, most of patients were under 60 years of age where males (56.0%) were more than females (44.0%). Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score revealed that most of the male were at high risk group compared to female. Regarding different components of lipid profile with Framingham risk score, higher risk group had high mean total cholesterol (212.17mg/dl) and also low mean HDL level (38.58mg/dl). Patient with different stages of CKD with cardiovascular risk showed stage 5 CKD was 80%, stage 4 was 15.0% and rest 5 was at stage 3 and most were in low risk group (56.0%). There were significant positive correlations found in between age and serum total cholesterol level with the cardiovascular risk scoring but not with HDL and eGFR. The predominant cardiovascular risk factors were age, male gender, smoking and high serum total cholesterol.

Serum Uric Acid and Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Admitted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital.

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and also a leading cause of combined death and disability. In Bangladesh, stroke prevalence is 11.39 per 1000 population, but highest prevalence of stroke is 14.71 per 1000 population in the Mymensingh division. Hyperuricemia has been reported as an independent risk factor for stroke in different studies and a significant association between serum uric acid and dyslipidemia has also been stated. On the contrary, some studies suggest that uric acid has a neuroprotective role. This cross-sectional study was completed in the Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from March 2021 to January 2023. In this cross-sectional study, 352 adult acute ischemic stroke patients were included from the Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Serum uric acid and fasting serum lipid levels were measured within 48 hours of admission. The mean age ±SD of the respondents was 61.9±12.8 years. Hyperuricemia was found among 18.2% of respondents, whose mean ±SD serum uric acid was 5.7±1.9 mg/dl. Dyslipidemia was present in 88.4% of patients. The mean ±SD of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 12.0±5.9. Most of the patients (65.6%) were suffering from moderate stroke, followed by moderate to severe stroke (15.1%), severe stroke (10.8%) and minor stroke (8.5%). After multiple linear regressions, the independent variables age, gender, serum uric acid and total cholesterol were found to be significant predictors of the NIHSS score of the respondents. In conclusion, the majority of acute ischemic stroke patients have an association with dyslipidemia, but only around one-fifth of patients have hyperuricemia. There is a significant association of high serum uric acid and high serum total cholesterol with stroke severity (NIHSS score). But low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and, triglycerides have no association with stroke severity.

Comparison of salbutamol with normal saline and salbutamol with magnesium sulphate in the treatment of severe acute asthma.

This study compared the efficacy and safety of nebulized magnesium sulphate with salbutamol to normal saline with salbutamol as the initial treatment of severe acute asthma patients. The present study was designed as a randomized open controlled clinical trial. The study was conducted Mymensingh Medical College Hospital over a period of 11 months from December 2009 to October 2010. Patients admitted with severe acute asthma having inclusion criteria were the study population. Among 120 study population 60 were in salbutamol with magnesium sulphate group and 60 were in salbutamol with normal saline group. The study finding showed that peak flow at baseline was similar in two groups. At 10 minutes after nebulization, the mean±SD percentage increase in peak flow was greater in magnesium sulphate group (20±4%) than in the normal saline salbutamol group (13±3%). At 20 minutes the percentage increase in peak flow was greater in magnesium sulphate group (35±7%) than in the normal saline salbutamol group (24±6%) p value <0.001. Magnesium sulphate plus salbutamol group reached PEF near to 60% which is not in saline salbutamol group. There was no significant changed in respiratory rate, pulse rate, systolic, diastolic blood pressure and clinical evidence of unwanted adverse effect.

Assessment of anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh from December 2009 to November 2010 to find out the association of iron deficiency, in anaemia with rheumatoid arthritis and to find a sensitive and less invasive marker to differentiate iron deficiency anaemia from the anaemia of chronic disease. A total of 45 patients of rheumatoid arthritis were provisionally included in the study. Of them, 12 patients were excluded as they did not allow for aspirating the bone marrow, leaving 33 patients to complete the study. The mean age of the patients was 42.6 years (22-66 years) with female to male ratio being roughly 3:1. Majority (97%) of the patients presented weakness followed by 78.8% dizziness, 54.5% palpitation, 24.2% pallor, 12.1% breathlessness, another 12.1% smooth tongue and 6.1% nail change. About 79% of the patients were positive for RA test and nearly 70% of patient had moderate anaemia. The mean serum ferritin was significantly reduced in patients with hypochromic with or without microcytic anaemia than that with normocytic normochromic anaemia (p<0.001). While total iron binding capacity was found to be significantly increased in patients with iron deficiency anaemia than that in patients with anaemia of chronic disease (p<0.021). The serum iron level was considerably reduced in the former group than that in the later group (p<0.066). Bone marrow iron grading revealed 48.5% of the patients with iron depleted and 51.5% with iron repleted. Serum ferritin level of patients with iron depleted bone marrow was significantly decreased than that in patients with iron repleted bone marrow (p<0.001). Serum iron level of the former group was also reduced than that of the later group (p<0.133). Total iron binding capacity was significantly raised in patients with iron depleted group than that in patients with iron repleted group (p<0.001). The study finds that anaemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anaemia frequently coexist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity are considered good indicator for differentiating iron deficiency anaemia from the anaemia of chronic disease. Serum iron levels will not help for differentiating.

Sphincter saving surgery is the standard procedure for treatment of low rectal cancer.

Carcinoma rectum is a challenging problem both for the developed and underdeveloped countries. Colorectal cancer accounts for 9% of all cancer deaths (49,920) in 2009 in USA. Carcinoma involving the lower part of the rectum is now successfully managed by sphincter saving surgery with less morbidity and uneventful recovery. To observe the objective, subjective and functional outcome of the patients suffering from cancer of the lower third of the rectum managed by surgical intervention with preservation of sphincter. A comparative study was carried out on 54 patients with low rectal cancer who underwent ultra-low anterior resection in the department of surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2009 to December 2010. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the tumor distance from anal verge. Thirty one (57%) patients were in Group A (Experimental) where tumor distance was 5cm from anal verge and upper 1cm of anal sphincter was sacrificed during surgical intervention. Twenty three (43%) patients were in Group B (Control) where tumor distance was 6cm from anal verge and whole length (4cm) of anal sphincter was preserved during surgical intervention. Functional integrity of anal sphincter was assessed between these two groups of patients following surgery. The mean age of the patients was 45.96±14.41 years. During surgery, ultra low anterior resection was performed to remove the tumor in all patients and for anastomosis double stapling technique was performed in 52(96%) patients and hand sewn technique was performed in 2(4%) patients irrespective of tumor distance from anal verge. Covering ileostomy was fashioned in all but one patient. During post-operative follow up anal sphincter muscle tone, anal sphincter function (Anal continence, p = 0.54), Quality of life (Social life, p = 0.54; Professional life, p = 0.23; House work and Need a diaper, p = 0.54) were not significantly impaired in both groups. Functional outcome of anal sphincter muscle and quality of life was not impaired in comparison to general population after low rectal cancer surgery.

Pattern of poisoning in a tertiary level hospital.

This cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital over a period of 4 months from January 2012 to April 2012 to assess the clinico-epidemiological condition of different types of poisoning and to evaluate immediate hospital outcome. Suspected case of poisoning aged 12 years or above of either sex was included. Patients of paediatric age group, having other co-morbid condition and died before clinical evaluation were excluded. This study revealed that rural people (76.9%), aging 20-30 years (46.3%) were mostly affected in poisoning. Patients belong to low socioeconomic group (65.3%), illiterate (26.5%) and educated up to primary level (29.9%) were mostly identified. Regarding the occupation this study showed student (30.6%) and farmer (25.2%) were predominantly involved. In this series organophosphorus compound (63.9%) poisoning was in the top of the list followed by benzodiazepine (6.8%). Suicidal attempt (81.6%) was found as a motive of poisoning in maximum cases. Among the precipitating factors quarrel with spouse, girl or boy friend (46.9%) were significant in number. In this study outcome was measured as complete recovery (92.5%) and death (3.4%).

Everting Sutures for Involutional Entropion: A Non-incision, Simple and Cost-Effective Technique.

Entropion is one of the common eyelid marginal malposition and it causes irritation, and ulceration of the cornea that leads to visual loss of a patient. Patient may present with watering and foreign body sensation of the eye initially. Entropion may occur in the upper or lower eyelid. Involutional entropion is common and affected the lower eyelid. There are various non-surgical and surgical options to correct the entropion. Non-surgical procedures include taping the lower eyelid which relieves the entropion temporarily, botulinum toxin type-A injection into lower eyelid may temporarily relief the discomfort from entropion up to 6 months. This study was carried out to assess the outcome of the everting sutures for the correction of lower eyelid involutional entropion and to describe the cost effective of the procedure. A nonrandomized, non control group quasi experimental study was conducted in a Tertiary Eye Hospital, in Gopalganj, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2019. A less invasive everting sutures technique was applied for the correction of involutional entropion of eyelid. Follow up was maintained at regular intervals and we assess the outcome of the surgical techniques. We evaluated 33 eyes of 31 patients. The success rate was 87.88%. Recurrences were observed in 5(15.15%) eyelids in the 18 months follow up times. The time of the procedure was only 10 minutes, and the cost of the procedure was cheaper. Everting sutures was minimal invasive, non-incision, cost effective procedure for the correction of involutional entropion.

A Modified Approach for Harvesting Non Vascularized Fibular Graft for Pediatric Age Group.

The conventional technique of harvesting free non-vascularized fibular grafting is associated with different scale of morbidity and usually a long scar. We follow a technique that causes minimum interference to the surrounding soft tissues to harvest the desired length of fibula. This prospective study was performed at Department of Orthopaedics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. Thirty patients of average age 10.5 years (range 8 to 14 years) were taken up for the study. The fibula was harvested by two separate incisions, 1 cm each at proximal and distal extent of proposed length of graft after elevating the periosteum circumferentially using a periosteum elevator. Compression bandage and above knee plaster immobilization was applied that help to reduce hematoma formation. The mean follow up is 12 months. The patients were evaluated clinically and by radiology. Twenty nine patients showed good results. One patient had delayed wound healing resulting in fair result. This modified approach of harvesting fibula reduces donor site morbidity and is safer and easier than conventional approach.

Monitoring of selected pesticides residue levels in water samples of paddy fields and removal of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos residues from water using rice bran.

Consumption of pesticides associated foods increased in recent decades in Bangladesh. Most of the pesticides come from paddy, as rice is the main food items here and about 70 % pesticides are used only on paddy fields. Water samples of paddy fields and Kaliganga River of Manikganj district were analyzed to provide base line data on cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and diazinon residue by using high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of Cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and diazinon detected in the paddy field water samples were (0.605 ± 0.011 µg/L), (0.06 ± 0.001 µg/L) and (0.039 ± 0.002 µg/L), respectively. 0.11 ± 0.003 µg/L of cypermethrin and 0.012 ± 0.0006 µg/L of chlorpyrifos were also identified in the water samples of Kaligonga River. Diazinon residue was not detected in the river water samples. The detected concentrations of pesticide residues in the river water were below the accepted maximum residue limit (MRL) value of drinking water (0.1 µg/l) adopted by the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were chosen for decontamination through rice bran, as it was found in river water. Two gm rice bran could easily decontaminated 95.6 % and 96.4 % of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. The result of this study showed that pesticide residue was detected in water samples were below the MRLs value, which can easily be decontaminated through absorption of rice bran.

Correlation of triglyceride level with acute coronary syndrome.

The study was aimed to find out the correlation of serum triglyceride level with acute coronary syndrome. This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, from August 2009 to May 2010. Socio-demographic characteristics, smoking habit, hypertension, serum total cholesterol level, serum HDLc, Serum LDLc, TG level were important variable considered. A total number of 100 respondents consisted of 50 cases (patient) and 50 healthy persons (control). Investigations included ECG, cardiac enzyme (troponin I), FBS and lipid profile. The data were analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS. Chi-square Test, T-test & ANOVA test were used as test of significance. The mean level of TG in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients (cases) was 168.2±58.0 mg/dl and in control were 141.2±45.3 mg/dl. So serum TG level is significantly higher in patients with ACS (p=0.01). In multivariate regression analysis, there was a significant association of elevated TG with risk of ACS (relative risk) is the highest, compared with the lowest quarantile = 1.011; 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.002 - 1.020; P for trend = 0.01). The relation of TG level to HDLc was a strong predictor of ACS (RR in the highest) compared with lowest quarantile = 0.02; (95% CI = 0.003 - 0.173; P for trend <0.0001). The study revealed that high level of serum triglyceride is associated with ACS. Categorization of patients with ACS on the basis of TG level may be helpful for risk stratification and management.