Learning Convolutional Sparse Coding on Complex Domain for Interferometric Phase Restoration.

Interferometric phase restoration has been investigated for decades and most of the state-of-the-art methods have achieved promising performances for InSAR phase restoration. These methods generally follow the nonlocal filtering processing chain, aiming at circumventing the staircase effect and preserving the details of phase variations. In this article, we propose an alternative approach for InSAR phase restoration, that is, Complex Convolutional Sparse Coding (ComCSC) and its gradient regularized version. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that we solve the InSAR phase restoration problem in a deconvolutional fashion. The proposed methods can not only suppress interferometric phase noise, but also avoid the staircase effect and preserve the details. Furthermore, they provide an insight into the elementary phase components for the interferometric phases. The experimental results on synthetic and realistic high- and medium-resolution data sets from TerraSAR-X StripMap and Sentinel-1 interferometric wide swath mode, respectively, show that our method outperforms those previous state-of-the-art methods based on nonlocal InSAR filters, particularly the state-of-the-art method: InSAR-BM3D. The source code of this article will be made publicly available for reproducible research inside the community.

DNA methylation at an enhancer of the three prime repair exonuclease 2 gene (TREX2) is linked to gene expression and survival in laryngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Genetic aberrations in DNA repair genes are linked to cancer, but less is reported about epigenetic regulation of DNA repair and functional consequences. We investigated the intragenic methylation loss at the three prime repair exonuclease 2 (TREX2) locus in laryngeal (n = 256) and colorectal cancer cases (n = 95) and in pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS: Significant methylation loss at an intragenic site of TREX2 was a frequent trait in both patient cohorts (p = 0.016 and < 0.001, respectively) and in 15 out of 22 TCGA studies. Methylation loss correlated with immunohistochemically staining for TREX2 (p < 0.0001) in laryngeal tumors and improved overall survival of laryngeal cancer patients (p = 0.045). Chromatin immunoprecipitation, demethylation experiments, and reporter gene assays revealed that the region of methylation loss can function as a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA)-responsive enhancer element regulating TREX2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The data highlight a regulatory role of TREX2 DNA methylation for gene expression which might affect incidence and survival of laryngeal cancer. Altered TREX2 protein levels in tumors may affect drug-induced DNA damage repair and provide new tailored therapies.

Factors predicting survival after diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.

Survival in patients with laryngeal cancer has not increased remarkably within the last years. It is presumed that a variety of factors act jointly in predicting survival after diagnosis: tumour stage, tumour site, treatment approaches, age and comorbidities. The aim of this German clinical multi-centre study is to present results from multivariate analysis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in four hospitals in South-West Germany. Incident cases with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were included for the years 1998 to 2004, resulting in a population sample of 594 patients. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Patients were followed up for 64.1months on average. Overall 5-year survival was 66% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62-70%). The strongest risk factors in multivariate analysis were age at first diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR): 1.5; 95% CI: 1.5-1.7 per each additional 10years), tumour stage, and the development of recurrences (HR 3.1; 95% CI: 2.3-4.2) or second primary carcinomas (HR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1). A somewhat weaker effect was shown for patients with comorbidities (using Charlson's comorbidity index). The choice of treatment did not strongly affect survival when adjusting for other factors, possibly because the optimal treatment approach was applied for the specific constitution and requirements of each patient. For future research it would be desirable to study the effect of treatment on quality of life in multivariate analysis as well as other modifiable risk factors as smoking and drinking reduction or cessation after diagnosis.

Revision surgery after saccotomy for Meniere's disease: does it make sense?

Saccotomy is an established surgical treatment for Meniere's disease that involves exposing and opening the endolymphatic sac and draining the endolymph. However, in patients experiencing recurrent vertigo after saccotomy, it is questionable whether revision saccotomy should be recommended as opposed to more invasive procedures, such as neurectomy of the vestibular nerve. To determine the utility of revision saccotomy, we conducted a retrospective study of 29 patients undergoing this procedure for recurrent vertigo. Patient charts were reviewed for the re-occurrence of any vertiginous symptoms and outcomes with regard to hearing results and post-operative complications. An attempt was made to correlate vertigo status post-revision with surgical findings at the time of revision. After an average follow-up of 20 months, 18 patients (62%) were free of vertigo, and four patients (14%) had a significant decrease in the frequency and intensity of vertiginous attacks. Two patients (7%) relapsed after a vertigo-free period of 18 months, and five patients (17%) experienced no clinical improvement after revision surgery. In patients with a successful sac revision, a common finding at the time of revision was new bone formation in the endolymphatic sac area (n=11), which may have caused blocking of the endolymphatic drainage. Our results demonstrate that revision saccotomy should be considered for recurrent Meniere disease before other, more invasive, surgical options.