Effects of power training on muscle thickness of older men.

The present study aimed at comparing the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) and power training (PT) in inducing muscle hypertrophy in older men. Twenty older men (aged between 69 and 76 years) were divided in two groups: TRT training (n=9) and PT training (n=11). The volunteers trained twice a week, during 10 weeks. Both groups performed an equal work output and the same exercises with loads between 40% and 60% of 1 RM. Three sets of eight repetitions of each exercise were performed with rest intervals of 90 s between sets. Muscle thickness was measured by ultrasound at the biceps brachii (BIC) and rectus femoris (RF), using a 12 MHz high resolution scanning probe. An ANCOVA was used to compare post training muscle thickness values between TRT and PT, using baseline values as covariates. According to the results, RF muscle thickness increased only in PT, while BIC muscle thickness increased in both groups, but with larger increases in PT. In conclusion, ten weeks of PT induced muscle hypertrophy of the upper and lower limb muscles in older men. PT training may yield better results in muscle hypertrophy when compared with TRT.

[Brazil 500 years. A Jesuit anatomical nomenclature at the time of discovery]. / Brasil 500 anos. Nomenclatura anatômica de um jesuíta no tempo do descobrimento.

The purpose of rendering easier for priests to hear confessions from Brazilian indians, in the beginning of the colonization of Brazil by the Portuguese, and in order to serve indians for better communication led Pero de Castilho, a jesuit born in Vila do Esp¿rito Santo, to prepare a list of names of parts of the human body. Such a list of tupi (language of the native indians) and portuguese terms of anatomical structures, in alphabetical order, seems to be the first Nomina Anatomica published in Brazil. Such a bilingual vocabulary constitutes a subsidy for the study of both languages spoken soon after the discovery of Brazil and represents a religious related document that contributes to the history of anatomy and medicine.

Anatomical terms of Yanomani Indians translated into Portuguese and English.

The authors translated into Portuguese and English the basic anatomical terminology used by the Yanomani indians. The knowledge of the names of organs and other parts of the human body and of a few having a clinical meaning should help those interested in the study of and in interaction with the Yanomanis.

Myocardial bridge over the right coronary artery in man.

A rare case of myocardial bridge over the trunk of the right coronary a. is described in the heart of a male, adult, Caucasian, Brazilian, whose death occurred after an automobile accident. After a review of the literature, the unusual finding is described and illustrated. Other bridges on the beginning of the right marginal a.; the right anterior ventricular a.; and on the anterior interventricular a. (left anterior descending) a. were observed. The location and significance of myocardial bridges over coronary a. are discussed.

An anatomical study of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve.

We present an anatomical study of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve emphasizing its frequency, origin, perforation point at the transverse carpal ligament, point of emergence in the palm, width, length, divisions and innervation territory. For this purpose, fifty cadaver hands were dissected under a stereomicroscope and/or magnifying glass. The origin of the palmar cutaneous branch (PCB) was on the average 4.56 cm proximal to conventionally named "zero point" on the most distal transverse volar wrist crease. Perforation of the aponeurosis occurred on average 0.79 cm from the mentioned point and its emergence in the palm at 0.76 cm. The nerve had an average length of 5.24 cm. PCB's divisions in the palm resulted in a medial branch in 42%, a lateral branch in 92% and an intermediate branch in 100% of the hands studied. In six specimens PCB presented a deep branch which was directed toward the thenar eminence or made communication with the superficial branch of the palmar digital nerve or still penetrated between the first or second metacarpal. In 4% of the cases there was a communicating branch between the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the PCB. These anatomical results should be considered in the evaluation of the best surgical techniques for decompression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.

Incidence and clinical significance of bridges of myocardium over the coronary arteries and their branches.

The incidence of bridges of myocardium seen on the external surface of the heart, through the epicardium, over portions of coronary arteries and their branches, was studied in 50 cadavers and found to be 78%. The bridges of the myocardium varied in size and in number (from one to six). Their location was predominantly found at the level of the anterior ventricular branch of the left coronary artery also called left anterior descending artery (52%), whereas in the territory of the right coronary artery the highest percentage was at the level of the anterior ventricular branch (12%). This myocardio-arterial relationship might be responsible for periodic or permanent reduction of the lumen, partial or total arterial obliteration, ischemia, atherosclerosis, angina, and sudden death.

Dimensions of the left atrioventricular valve and its components in normal human hearts.

The posterior cusp of the left atrioventricular valve was studied in 100 cadavers of Brazilians. There were 58 Caucasians and 42 non-Caucasians, 65 males and 35 females. Their age ranged from 18 to 72 years. In 91% of the cases the posterior cusp had 3 leaflets (posteromedial or right, intermediate, and anterolateral or left). The intermediate leaflet was wider (mean 18.8mm) and higher (mean 12.7mm) than the other two. All leaflets of the posterior cusp were shorter than the anterior cusp, a feature that confers on the posterior cusp the role of a supporting structure in addition to its role in the completion of closure of the left atrioventricular ostium.

Variations of the area and shape of the left atrioventricular valve and its cusps and leaflets.

Measurement of the areas of the cusps and leaflets of the left atrioventricular valve (LAV) and a study of their shape were performed in 91 normal human hearts, to assess the range of variation and determine the most frequent morphologic pattern. The average areas were as follows: LAV, 904.9 mm2; anterior cusp, 447 mm2; posterior cusp, 457 mm2; anterolateral leaflet, 118.6 mm2; intermediate leaflet, 212.7 mm2; and posteromedial leaflet, 126 mm2. The commonest shape of the leaflets of the posterior cusp, proved to be rectangular.

Morphology of the middle rectal arteries. A study of 30 cadaveric dissections.

The middle rectal arteries were studied in 30 cadavers of adult and older individuals (29 Caucasians and one Negro) of both sexes (15 males and 15 females). The middle rectal artery was present in 56.7% of the cases, bilaterally (36.7%) or unilaterally (20%), originating from the internal pudendal (40%), inferior gluteal (26.7%), internal iliac (16.8%), and less frequently from other pelvic branches. The average external diameter of the middle rectal artery was found to be 1.7 mm, its average length about 7 cm, and the point of penetration in the rectal wall about 6 cm (average) superior to the anus. The most frequent sites of the rectal wall pierced by the middle rectal arteries were the anterior (50% of the cases) and posterior (45%) quadrants of the rectum, whether isolated or combined (43.3%). These anatomical features justify, when needed and possible, the preservation of the middle rectal artery in surgical interventions on related organs. The term middle rectal arteries in Nomina Anatomica should be changed to inferior rectal arteries and indented under internal pudendal artery; the current term inferior rectal arteries should be changed to anal arteries to follow the already adopted division of the terminal intestine into rectum and anal canal.

Brasil 500 anos: nomenclatura anatômica de um jesuíta no tempo do descobrimento / Brazil 500 years: a jesuit anatomical nomenclature soon after the discovery

Com o fito de facilitar aos padres as confissões de indígenas brasileiros, no início da colonização do Brasil pelos Portugueses e para auxiliar os índios em sua comunicação, PERO de CASTILHO, um jesuíta nascido em Vila do Espírito Santo, foi levado a preparar uma lista de nomes de partes do corpo humano. Essa lista, de termos Tupis (na língua nativa dos índios) e portugueses, das estruturas anatômicas, em ordem alfabética, parece ser a primeira Nomina Anatomica publicada no Brasil. Tal vocabulário bilingüe constitui um subsídio para o estudo de ambas as línguas faladas logo após o descobrimento do Brasil, e representa um documento de caráter religioso que contribui para a história da anatomia e da medicina.

Sobre um caso de arteria renal segmentar aberrante no homem. / A case of aberrant segmental renal artery in man

Neste trabalho o autor tece cometarios sobre um caso de arteria renal segmentar aberrante esquerda. A impropriedade do uso de outras terminologias para esta variacao anatomica e aqui amplamente discutida. Para melhor compreensao do texto inicialmente e apresentada uma breve revisao da embriologia concernente aos vasos renais. O autor atenta para a importancia desta alteracao morfologica que em alguns casos de simples variacao anatomica passa a ser uma anomalia grave e de especial importancia clinica e cirurgica. Varias sugestoes de como o urologista pode melhor proceder diante de casos semelhantes sao enfocadas. Certamente o estudo das arterias renais segmentares aberrantes tem particular importancia naqueles casos em que esta indicado o renotransplante

Yanomani indians and the anatomical and biomedical terms in their language

Los términos anatómicos y biomédicos del vocabulario de los indios yanomani, fueron seleccionados, traducidos al inglés y español, con el propósito de facilitar de comunicación con los miembros de esta tribu primitiva. Los términos seleccionados deben ayudar a anatomistas, antropólogos, médicos y a otros profesionales afines, en la ejecución de observaciones científicas principalmente relacionadas con la salud y aspectos sociales de la vida de este grupo étnico

Anatomical terms of Yanomami indians translated into portuguese and english

Os autores apresentam a traduçäo para o Português e Inglês do vocabulário anatômico básico usado pelos índios tanomâmis. O conhecimento do vocabulário dos órgäos e outras partes do corpo humano com alguns significados clínicos poderá auxiliar os interessados no estudo e no relacionamento com esses índios