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1.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 25 Suppl 1: 37-50, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34554639

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical presentation, advanced imaging features, and outcome of orbital disease in a referral population of dogs and cats that underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ANIMALS STUDIED: Client-owned animals. PROCEDURES: Animals referred for orbital disease undergoing ophthalmic examination and either head MRI or CT were included. Demographic and imaging features were compared between animals diagnosed with inflammatory disease and neoplastic disease using Mann-Whitney U and Fischer's exact tests. RESULTS: Ninety-seven animals (81 dogs and 16 cats) were included. Eighty-four and 13 patients underwent CT and MRI scanning, respectively. Inflammatory orbital disease was more frequently detected than neoplasia in dogs (59% vs. 41%) and cats (62% vs. 39%). Orbital cellulitis was the most common diagnosis in dogs (36/81, 44.4%) and cats (8/16, 80%). A foreign body was suspected in 36.1% of dogs with orbital cellulitis but only 3 were retrieved during orbitotomy. Multi-drug resistant bacteria were identified in 3 samples and influenced treatment plans. The most common neoplasms were sarcoma (10/30) and carcinoma (7/30) in dogs and lymphoma in cats (3/6). Imaging findings of osteolysis (p = 0.0002) and intracranial extension (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with neoplasia in dogs. In contrast, osteolysis extension was present in cats with both inflammatory (7/10) and neoplastic (6/6) orbital disease. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory disease, particularly orbital cellulitis, was more common than neoplasia in dogs and cats with orbital disease in our population. We recommend including bacterial culture and susceptibility as part of the diagnostic work up when orbital cellulitis is suspected.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Celulitis Orbitaria/veterinaria , Neoplasias Orbitales/veterinaria , Sarcoma/veterinaria , Animales , Australia , Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/veterinaria , Celulitis Orbitaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Celulitis Orbitaria/patología , Neoplasias Orbitales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Orbitales/patología , Osteólisis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteólisis/patología , Osteólisis/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Sarcoma/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria
2.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 25(6): 434-446, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36083221

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate bacterial contamination of conjunctiva and aqueous humor in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification following asepsis with 0.5% povidone iodine and determine the influence of intravenous antibiotics on outcome of contamination. METHODS: Client-owned dogs were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to a control group, receiving 22 mg/kg intravenous cefazolin at induction prior to sampling, or experimental group receiving no antibiotic prior to sampling, masked to the surgeon. Dogs receiving antimicrobials in the pre-operative period were excluded. Asepsis was performed on all operated eyes using 0.5% iodine with minimum 3 min contact time at induction of anesthesia and repeated before surgery. A conjunctival swab and aqueous humor sample were collected prior to incision and following incision closure, respectively. Samples were submitted for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture and susceptibility. RESULTS: Seventy-one eyes of 42 dogs were included. Median age was 9 years. Thirty-nine and 32/71 eyes received intravenous cefazolin and no antibiotic, respectively. Median procedure time was 40 min per eye. Conjunctival cultures were positive in 6 eyes (8.5%): Serratia marcescens (5 eyes) and Cutibacterium acnes (1 eye). Aqueous humor cultures were positive in 5 eyes (7.0%): S. marcescens (2 eyes), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 eyes), Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (1 eye). Prevalence of positive culture did not differ between groups (p = .74), order of eyes for bilateral procedures (p = .74) and diabetic status (p = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial contamination of the conjunctiva and aqueous humor was present in 8.5% and 7.0% of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification after asepsis. Lack of IV cefazolin was not significantly associated with positive culture.


Asunto(s)
Facoemulsificación , Perros , Animales , Facoemulsificación/veterinaria , Povidona Yodada/uso terapéutico , Prevalencia , Conjuntiva/microbiología , Bacterias , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico
3.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 25(6): 493-498, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36006034

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effects of gabapentin on ocular and behavioral parameters following oral administration in healthy cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Masked, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover-design study. Ten young, healthy cats were scheduled for two veterinary visits 7 days apart and randomly assigned to receive a compounded capsule containing 100 mg of gabapentin or placebo (100 mg lactose powder) at the first visit and the opposite treatment at the second visit. Respiratory rate, heart rate, stress score, sedation score, compliance score, horizontal pupil diameter, intraocular pressure, and Schirmer tear test-1 were measured prior to and 1.5, 3, and 6 h following capsule administration. Stress score, sedation score, and compliance score were assigned based on established behavioral scales. Results of the two treatments were statistically compared with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Respiratory rate was significantly reduced at 1.5 (p = 0.049) and 3 (p = 0.03) hours following gabapentin administration. Stress score was significantly reduced at 1.5 (p = 0.01) hours following gabapentin administration. Sedation score was significantly increased at 1.5 (p = 0.015) and 3 (p = 0.03) hours following gabapentin administration. Gabapentin had no significant effect on heart rate, compliance score, or ocular values measured in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin reduces stress and increases sedation at 1.5 h after treatment, with no significant effect on horizontal pupil diameter, intraocular pressure or Schirmer tear test-1 results.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Ciclohexanocarboxílicos , Gatos , Animales , Gabapentina/farmacología , Gabapentina/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Ciclohexanocarboxílicos/farmacología , Ácidos Ciclohexanocarboxílicos/uso terapéutico , Tonometría Ocular , Presión Intraocular , Método Doble Ciego
4.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 24 Suppl 1: 109-115, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33609423

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To report outcomes and follow-up of Baerveldt implant surgery in dogs with primary closed-angle glaucoma (PCAG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Record review of client-owned dogs with PCAG that underwent Baerveldt implant surgery during a 6-year period. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), vision and daily number of anti-glaucoma drops at fixed time points (3, 12, and 24 months) were compared with preoperative values; complications were recorded. Success was defined as IOP <20 mm Hg and a positive menace response and navigation/tracking ability. RESULTS: Twenty eyes (17 dogs) were included. Mean follow-up was 575 days (range 30-1767 days) from implant surgery to last examination. Three months postoperatively 15/20 (75%) eyes had IOP <20 mm Hg and 14/20 (70%) eyes had vision. Twelve months postoperatively 11/17 (65%) eyes had IOP <20 mm Hg and 12/19 (63%) eyes had vision. Twenty-four months postoperatively 8/14 (57%) eyes had IOP <20 mm Hg and 7/15 (47%) eyes had vision. Denominators differ between time points as eyes were included when duration after surgery reached the relevant postoperative time point or failure was documented earlier. Within 3 months postoperatively 16/20 (80%) eyes had ≥1 complication, including transient IOP >20 mm Hg (14/20; 70% eyes), fibrin (12/20; 60% eyes), and hypotony (4/20; 20% eyes). After 3 months, postoperatively 13/16 (81%) eyes had ≥1 complication, including cataracts (13/16; 81% eyes), bleb fibrosis (3/16; 19% eyes), and conjunctival wound breakdown (1/16; 6% eyes). One patient (1 eye) was euthanized for blindness and 5/20 (25%) eyes were enucleated. CONCLUSIONS: The technique was effective in controlling IOP and maintaining vision in most dogs in this study.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma/veterinaria , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/veterinaria , Animales , Catarata/etiología , Catarata/veterinaria , Perros , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma/efectos adversos , Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado/cirugía , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento
5.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 21(5): 487-497, 2018 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29383822

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes following trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) and 350-mm2 Baerveldt implantation in the treatment of canine refractory glaucoma. DESIGN: Retrospective case study. CASE SELECTION: Client owned dogs undergoing surgical treatment of glaucoma within a veterinary referral hospital. PROCEDURES: Eighty-six glaucoma surgeries were performed on 83 eyes (69 dogs) diagnosed with primary or secondary glaucoma. Medical records were retrieved, and baseline data, surgery, medications, intraocular pressures (IOPs), vision, and complications were extracted. RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes (44 dogs) were treated with TSCP and placement of an anterior chamber suture shunt; 28 eyes (24 dogs) were implanted with a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device (GDD); and four eyes (4 dogs) underwent GDD implantation after failure of TSCP to manage IOP. Following TSCP, IOP control (<20 mmHg) and vision retention occurred in 81.5% and 42.6%, respectively, for 16.1 ± 1.36 months. Following GDD implantation, 71.4% maintained IOP <20 mmHg and 69.6% maintained vision for 11.0 ± 0.94 months. IOP control without loss of vision was more likely following Baerveldt implantation (17/28; 60.7%) than TSCP (19/54; 35.2%) (P = 0.027). One eye had functional vision restored following GDD placement. IOP control without adjunctive medications was more likely following Baerveldt implantation (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, eyes treated with Baerveldt GDD implantation were more likely to maintain IOP control and retain vision compared to eyes treated with TSCP and placement of an anterior chamber suture shunt. Lack of formal randomization, inconsistencies in surgical techniques and TSCP protocols, and potential unmeasured confounders must be considered when extrapolating from this retrospective study.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Glaucoma/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Glaucoma/cirugía , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma/veterinaria , Láseres de Semiconductores , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Implantación de Prótesis/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
Vet Ophthalmol ; 20(5): 427-434, 2017 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27860168

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 350-mm2 Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device (GDD) in dogs with refractory glaucoma when modifications to address postoperative hypotony (extraluminal ligature; intraluminal stent) and the fibroproliferative response (intraoperative Mitomycin-C; postoperative oral colchicine and prednisolone) are implemented as reported in human ophthalmology. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight client-owned dogs (32 eyes) including seven dogs (nine eyes) with primary glaucoma and 21 dogs (23 eyes) with secondary glaucoma. METHODS: The medical records of all dogs undergoing placement of a 350-mm2 Baerveldt GDD at a veterinary ophthalmology referral service between 2013 and 2016 were reviewed. Signalment, diagnosis, duration and previous treatment of glaucoma, previous intraocular surgery, IOP, visual, and surgical outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: IOP was maintained <20mmHg in 24 of 32 (75.0%) eyes. Fourteen eyes (43.8%) required no adjunctive treatments to maintain this IOP control. Fewer doses of glaucoma medication were required following surgery. Vision was retained in 18 of 27 (66.7%) eyes with vision at the time of surgery. No eyes that were blind at the time of surgery (n = 5) had restoration of functional vision. Complications following surgery included hypotony (26/32; 81.3%), intraocular hypertension (24/32; 75.0%), and fibrin formation within the anterior chamber (20/32; 62.5%). The average follow-up after placement of the GDD was 361.1 days (median 395.6 days). CONCLUSION: Efforts to minimize postoperative hypotony and address the fibroproliferative response following placement of a 350-mm2 Baerveldt GDD showed an increased success rate to other reports of this device in dogs and offers an alternative surgical treatment for controlling intraocular pressure in dogs with glaucoma.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/terapia , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma/veterinaria , Glaucoma/veterinaria , Presión Intraocular , Hipotensión Ocular/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Glaucoma/terapia , Humanos , Hipotensión Ocular/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual
7.
Ann Neurol ; 64(3): 325-31, 2008 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18825673

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and latency and amplitude of multifocal visual-evoked potentials (mfVEPs) in the postacute stage of optic neuritis in patients with early or possible multiple sclerosis. METHOD: Thirty-two patients with clinical diagnosis of unilateral optic neuritis and magnetic resonance imaging lesions typical of demyelination and 25 control subjects underwent mfVEP and optical coherence tomography imaging. RESULTS: Although there was significant reduction of RNFL thickness in the affected eyes (18.7%), a considerably larger decrease was observed for the amplitude of the mfVEPs (39.8%). Latency of the mfVEPs was also significantly delayed in optic neuritis eyes. In fellow eyes, the amplitude of mfVEPs was significantly reduced and the latency prolonged, but RNFL thickness remained unaltered. RNFL thickness correlated highly with the mfVEP amplitude (r = 0.90). There was also strong correlation between optical coherence tomography measure of axonal loss and mfVEP latency (r = -0.66). INTERPRETATION: Although our findings demonstrate strong associations between structural and functional measures of optic nerve integrity, the functional loss was more marked. This fact, together with amplitude and latency changes of the mfVEPs observed in clinically normal fellow eyes, may indicate greater sensitivity of mfVEPs in detecting optic nerve abnormality or the presence of widespread inflammation in the central nervous system, or both. The significant correlation of the mfVEP latency with RNFL thickness suggests a role for demyelination in promoting axonal loss.


Asunto(s)
Axones/patología , Vaina de Mielina/patología , Nervio Óptico/patología , Neuritis Óptica/patología , Retina/patología , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/patología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Electrodiagnóstico , Potenciales Evocados Visuales/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Degeneración Nerviosa/etiología , Degeneración Nerviosa/patología , Degeneración Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Conducción Nerviosa/fisiología , Nervio Óptico/fisiopatología , Neuritis Óptica/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Retina/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica
8.
Ophthalmology ; 114(9): 1613-21, 2007 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17822971

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of blue-on-yellow multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs) in early glaucoma. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of early glaucoma and 60 normal participants. METHODS: Black-and-white mfVEPs and blue-on-yellow mfVEPs were recorded using the Accumap version 2.0 (ObjectiVision Pty. Ltd., Sydney, Australia). All patients also underwent achromatic standard automated perimetry (SAP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multifocal VEP amplitude and latency values in glaucoma patients were analyzed and compared with those of the normal controls. RESULTS: Based on the definition of visual field defect, in the group of glaucomatous eyes with SAP defects, amplitude of blue-on-yellow mfVEP was abnormal in all 64 cases (100% sensitivity), whereas black-and-white mfVEP missed 5 cases (92.2% sensitivity). Generally, larger scotomata were noted on blue-on-yellow mfVEP compared with black-and-white mfVEP for the same eyes. There was high topographic correspondence between SAP and amplitude of blue-on-yellow mfVEP and significant (P<0.0001) correlation between them (correlation coefficient, 0.73). Abnormal amplitude was detected in 3 of 60 eyes of control subjects (95% specificity). There was, however, no correlation between visual field defect and latency delay in glaucoma patients. Although there was a significant difference between averaged latency of control and glaucoma eyes, values considerably overlapped. CONCLUSIONS: The blue-on-yellow mfVEP is a sensitive and specific tool for detecting early glaucoma based on amplitude analysis.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Potenciales Evocados Visuales , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico , Escotoma/diagnóstico , Campos Visuales , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Disco Óptico/patología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Pruebas del Campo Visual
9.
J Feline Med Surg ; 19(6): 710-716, 2017 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27107040

RESUMEN

Case series summary A retrospective study was undertaken to review outcomes of keratectomy and corneoconjunctival transposition in cats with superficial and deep corneal sequestra. Information including pertinent history, signalment, ophthalmological findings and postoperative outcome was collected from medical records. Follow-up was obtained by clinical examination, contact with the referring veterinarians and review of medical records or telephone contact with owners. Ninety-seven cats (109 eyes) were included from 2005-2015. The most commonly affected breeds included Persian, Burmese and Himalayan. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.8 years (median 6.5 years; range 8.0 months-18.0 years). A corneal sequestrum in the contralateral eye was diagnosed in 28 cats (28.9%). Recurrent corneal sequestration was diagnosed in eight cats (nine eyes), with recurrence occurring a mean of 703 days after surgery (range 29-1750 days). Age, sex, breed, depth of sequestration and concurrent ocular disease in the contralateral eye were compared between cats with and without recurrence, with no risk factors for recurrence identified. Relevance and novel information Excellent surgical outcomes have previously been described in a series of 17 cats with superficial and mid-stromal corneal sequestra. This paper adds further information to the literature by describing a larger series of cats, with corneal sequestra affecting the full range of corneal thickness, and good long-term postoperative outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Córnea/veterinaria , Trasplante de Córnea/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Enfermedades de la Córnea/cirugía , Femenino , Queratotomía Radial/veterinaria , Masculino , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
10.
Arch Neurol ; 63(6): 847-50, 2006 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16769865

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To monitor the difference in conversion rates to multiple sclerosis (MS) in 46 patients with optic neuritis between patients with multifocal visual evoked potential latency delay and those with normal latency. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Metropolitan neuro-ophthalmology clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six patients with optic neuritis who did not have a diagnosis of MS on enrollment in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conversion to MS according to the McDonald criteria. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that only 22 subjects had multifocal visual evoked potential latency delay. Over 1 year, 36.4% of patients with optic neuritis with latency delays progressed clinically to MS compared with 0% of those with normal latencies (P = .03, chi2). CONCLUSION: This may indicate that multifocal visual evoked potential latency delay can assist in predicting progression to future MS.


Asunto(s)
Potenciales Evocados Visuales/fisiología , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Neuritis Óptica/fisiopatología , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Neuritis Óptica/complicaciones , Reconocimiento Visual de Modelos/fisiología , Estimulación Luminosa/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos
11.
Ophthalmology ; 113(2): 323.e1-323.e2, 2006 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16406544

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity of multifocal visual evoked potentials (mVEP) in optic neuritis of an inflammatory or demyelinating nature. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four patients participated who had a confirmed diagnosis of optic neuritis (ON) (past and acute). Based on the McDonald multiple sclerosis (MS) criteria, 25 patients (27 eyes with ON) were deemed to have isolated optic neuritis and thus not have MS (i.e., the not-MS group), and 19 patients (24 eyes with ON) had a diagnosis of MS (i.e., the MS group). The remaining 20 patients (25 eyes with ON) were at a high risk of MS, but diagnostic evaluation was equivocal, and thus were classified as the possible MS group. A control group of 20 normal patients was enrolled. TESTING: The mVEP test was performed using the Accumap. All ON patients had recent magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and spinal cord. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multifocal visual evoked potentials amplitude and latency values were analyzed within each group and were compared with the normal controls. RESULTS: No abnormality was recorded on mVEP in the control group. Of all the ON eyes, 74 (97.3%) were abnormal on mVEP testing. Amplitude values were abnormal in 92.6% of not-MS eyes, 92.0% of possible MS eyes, and 100% of those with MS, and latency was abnormal in 33.3%, 76.0%, and 100%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mVEP latency z-scores among all ON groups (P<0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test). Although distribution graphs of latency z-scores in the not-MS and MS groups had single peaks and were clearly separate from each other, the latency z-score distribution within the possible MS group in postacute patients was bimodal, with each peak corresponding to the distribution of the not-MS and MS group, respectively. The mVEP latency z-scores had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in detecting patients with ON due to MS when compared with normal patients. CONCLUSIONS: The mVEP test is a sensitive and specific tool for detecting optic neuritis. There was a significant difference in latency analysis findings between patient groups as classified according to the McDonald MS criteria. Latency results suggest a role in identifying a patient's risk for future MS.


Asunto(s)
Potenciales Evocados Visuales , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico , Neuritis Óptica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/administración & dosificación , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuritis Óptica/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuritis Óptica/etiología , Quimioterapia por Pulso , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
12.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 46(12): 4365-71, 2005 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16303921

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To examine uveal melanoma cell lines for the expression of human melanoma proteoglycan (NG2) using monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9.2.27 and subsequently to assess the in vitro specificity and cytotoxicity of mAb 9.2.27 conjugated to the alpha-particle-emitting radioisotope 213bismuth (213Bi-9.2.27) for uveal melanoma cells. METHODS: Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were used to examine OCM-1, OCM-3, OCM-8, OMM-1, Mel202 and 92-1 melanoma cell lines for NG2 expression. Melanoma cells were treated with test (213Bi-9.2.27) or control (213Bi-A2) alpha-immunoconjugates (AICs). The specific cytotoxicity of 213Bi-9.2.27 AIC was evaluated using an MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay. Cell death was also assessed using TUNEL. RESULTS: OCM-1, OCM-8, OMM-1, and Mel202 cells strongly expressed NG2. OCM-3 cells showed moderate expression and 92-1 cells were NG2-negative. 213Bi-9.2.27 specifically killed NG2-positive OCM-1, OCM-8, and OMM-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. D0 values for 37% cell survival of NG2-positive OCM-1, OCM-8, and OMM-1 cells were 5.8, 5.0, and 5.6 microCi, respectively, and the value was 43.4 muCi for NG2-negative 92-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The specific cytotoxicity of 213Bi-9.2.27 AIC for NG2-positive, but not NG2-negative, cells suggests NG2 is a suitable target for alpha-immunotherapy in uveal melanoma. 213Bi-9.2.27 AIC used directly or as adjunct therapy may be a promising new agent for treating NG2-positive uveal melanomas or metastases.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/uso terapéutico , Antígenos/inmunología , Bismuto/uso terapéutico , Melanoma/terapia , Proteoglicanos/inmunología , Radioinmunoterapia , Radioisótopos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Úvea/terapia , Muerte Celular , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Inmunoconjugados/uso terapéutico , Inmunohistoquímica , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Melanoma/inmunología , Melanoma/patología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Neoplasias de la Úvea/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Úvea/patología
13.
Am J Ophthalmol ; 159(4): 788-96, 2015 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25634533

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To determine in primary congenital glaucoma whether age of presentation influences surgical success, the degrees of angle surgery needed to achieve glaucoma control, and whether there are critical ages where glaucoma progresses, requiring further surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: The medical records of patients with primary congenital glaucoma over a 23-year period were reviewed: 192 procedures were performed on 117 eyes (70 patients). The number and age of angle procedures and final visual acuity was analyzed. Surgical success was defined as stable intraocular pressure and optic disc appearance. RESULTS: Procedures involving 83 of the 110 eyes (75.5%) undergoing angle surgery were successful, with 2-, 4-, 6-, and 10-year success rates of 92%, 86%, 84%, and 75%, respectively. Subgroup analysis (<3 months; 3-6 months; >6 months) comparing age of diagnosis to visual outcome (<20/200, 20/200-20/40, >20/40) was significant (P = .04). The age at first operation (P = .94), the number of angle operations (P = .43), and their effect on angle surgery success was not significant. Seven of 192 operations were performed after the age of 8 years (3.6%). After the initial angle surgeries within the first year of life, the third procedure occurred at a median age of 2.4 years (interquartile ratio [IQR] 0.6-3.8 years) and the fourth procedure occurred at a median age of 5.3 years (IQR 2.5-6.1 years). CONCLUSIONS: Children diagnosed at <3 months of age had a visual outcome of <20/200 despite successful glaucoma control. Age of presentation did not affect surgical success. A total of 78.9% of cases undergoing primary trabeculotomy were controlled with 1 operation: 4 clock hours of angle (120 degrees). Analysis of glaucoma progression suggests critical ages where further glaucoma surgery is required at around 2 and 5 years of age.


Asunto(s)
Hidroftalmía/diagnóstico , Hidroftalmía/cirugía , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Cuerpo Ciliar/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Implantes de Drenaje de Glaucoma , Gonioscopía , Humanos , Hidroftalmía/fisiopatología , Lactante , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Coagulación con Láser , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Tonometría Ocular , Trabeculectomía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Adulto Joven
14.
Oncol Res ; 13(2): 103-11, 2002.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12392158

RESUMEN

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular tumor of childhood. In this study we examined primary Rb specimens and Rb cell lines for the expression of immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) antigens: MHC class I and II (MHC-I and MHC-II), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and Thy-1, which play an important role in immune system and tumor cell interactions. MHC-I and-II, ICAM-1 (CD54), NCAM (CD56), and Thy-1 (CDw90) immunoreactivity was studied in eight primary Rb biopsy specimens using immunohistochemistry, three using immunoelectron microscopy, and six Rb cell lines using flow cytometry (FCM). Parenchymal and vascular-associated cells, phenotypically similar to retinal microglia, strongly expressed MHC-II immunoreactivity and were distributed throughout primary Rb specimens. However, MHC-II expression on Rb cell lines was similar to nonspecific control levels. Tumor cells in primary Rb specimens displayed high NCAM, moderate Thy-1, and low MHC-I and ICAM-1 immunolabeling. Tumor vasculature expressed low to moderate MHC-I and ICAM-1 immunoreactivity and moderate Thy-1 immunoreactivity. NCAM was not detected on the vasculature of primary Rb specimens. Rb cell lines displayed variable expression of Thy-1, ICAM-1, and MHC-I. NCAM was highly expressed on five of six Rb cell lines. The high levels of constitutive NCAM immunoreactivity on Rb tumor cells confirm the neuroectodermal origins of this tumor. Additionally, the variable expression of Thy-1 may suggest separate neural lineages or differences in the maturational status ofsome Rb tumors. The presence of a population of infiltrating MHC-II-positive cells in primary Rb tumors has implications for immunomodulation of Rb growth.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Ojo/inmunología , Retinoblastoma/inmunología , Preescolar , Neoplasias del Ojo/patología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/análisis , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/análisis , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Lactante , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Intercelular/análisis , Moléculas de Adhesión de Célula Nerviosa/análisis , Retinoblastoma/patología , Antígenos Thy-1/análisis , Células Tumorales Cultivadas
15.
PLoS One ; 9(7): e101841, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25003339

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To investigate the modulatory effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in an in vitro co-cultured model. METHODS: HCE-T alone and co-cultured with MSC were stimulated with IFN-γ/TNF for 24 and 48 hours or left untreated. The expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, human leukocyte antigen ABC, DR and G (HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, HLA-G) were investigated by flow cytometry. Subcellular localization of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. The concentration of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) in the conditioned media from different cultures was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-κB and TGF-ß1 signaling pathway blocking experiments were performed to analyze associations between the expression of cell surface molecules and the NF-κB transcription pathway, and the expression of IDO and TGF-ß1 signaling pathway. RESULTS: IFN-γ/TNF treatment significantly up-regulated expression of ICAM-1, HLA-ABC, and induced de novo expression of HLA-DR and IDO on HCE-T cultured alone, while HLA-G expression remained unaffected. Up-regulation was significantly inhibited by co-culture with MSC. Increased TGF-ß1 secretion was detected in 48 h IFN-γ/TNF-stimulated MSC monocultures and HCE-T/MSC co-cultures. MSC attenuated the activation of cytokine-induced NF-κB and IDO induction. Blockade of NF-κB transcription pathway by BMS-345541 significantly reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR and IDO expression, while blockade of TGF-ß1 signaling pathways reversed the modulatory effect of MSC on IDO expression. CONCLUSIONS: MSC reduced the expression of adhesion and immunoregulatory molecules on pro-inflammatory cytokine-stimulated HCE-T via the NF-κB transcription pathway. MSC attenuated expression of IDO through both NF-κB transcription and TGF-ß1 signaling pathways. Co-culture of HCEC with MSC therefore provides a useful in vitro model to study the anti-inflammatory properties of MSC on corneal epithelium.


Asunto(s)
Citocinas/farmacología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Epitelio Corneal/efectos de los fármacos , Epitelio Corneal/metabolismo , Mediadores de Inflamación/farmacología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Animales , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Transformada , Activación Enzimática , Células Epiteliales/inmunología , Epitelio Corneal/citología , Epitelio Corneal/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunomodulación , Inmunofenotipificación , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/inmunología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Transporte de Proteínas , Ratas , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo
16.
J AAPOS ; 17(6): 641-3, 2013 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24210337

RESUMEN

Visual electrophysiology is an important ancillary investigation in children with poor vision and nystagmus. Cone dystrophy with supranormal rod electroretinogram (KCNV2 retinopathy) has pathognomonic electrophysiology findings that, if identified, direct molecular genetic testing. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with typical electrophysiology findings of KCNV2 retinopathy but with abnormal cone dysfunction compared to other patients with mutations in KCNV2. Molecular genetic testing revealed complete homozygous deletion of KCNV2. To our knowledge, this is the first such report. The greater cone dysfunction seen in this case suggests a phenotypic link to the genetic changes.


Asunto(s)
Electrorretinografía , Eliminación de Gen , Canales de Potasio con Entrada de Voltaje/genética , Distrofias Retinianas/genética , Distrofias Retinianas/fisiopatología , Células Fotorreceptoras Retinianas Bastones/fisiología , Niño , Homocigoto , Humanos , Masculino
18.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol ; 31(4): 354-6, 2003 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12880463

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of pupil diameter on the amplitude and latency of multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP). The multifocal objective perimeter (Accumap; Objectivision) was used to stimulate the visual field at 56 sites extending to 32 degrees using a pseudo-random pattern stimulus. The mfVEP were recorded using bipolar occipital electrodes, 7 min/eye. Ten normal subjects were recruited from the community and one eye was randomly selected for testing. The mfVEP were recorded at four different pupil diameters (2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm), obtained by applying tropicamide (0.5%) or pilocarpine (2%) in different dilutions. Appropriate refractive correction was provided to overcome cycloplegia and achieve a visual acuity of 6/7.5 or better. Analysis revealed that at most pupil diameters the normalized full field amplitude did not show significant variation, except at the most miotic pupil diameter (2 mm), where the amplitude became reduced, based on 2-way anova and Tukey's T method. There was, however, significant correlation between latency and pupil area (correlation coefficient: upper field -0.63, lower field -0.76). The results suggest that even in the presence of mydriatics or miotics, the mfVEP test can be used to assess diseases that affect amplitude, provided near correction is used. The interpretation of latency, however, must be made with caution, as a borderline conduction defect with a dilated pupil may appear normal.


Asunto(s)
Potenciales Evocados Visuales/fisiología , Pupila/fisiología , Adulto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mióticos/administración & dosificación , Midriáticos/administración & dosificación , Estimulación Luminosa , Pilocarpina/administración & dosificación , Pupila/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Tropicamida/administración & dosificación , Pruebas del Campo Visual , Campos Visuales/fisiología
19.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol ; 30(3): 200-7, 2002 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12010215

RESUMEN

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an established marker of retinal glia and has been shown to be modulated by several cytokines and retinal pathology. The influence of a number of factors, including post-mortem delay, storage duration and retinal pathology, on the distribution and morphology of macroglia and GFAP antigenicity was examined in human retina. The effects of these parameters on GFAP expression were estimated using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and image analysis. Changes in expression of antigenicity were analysed in human retinal cryosections at three levels: constitutive,aberrant and total. The results indicated that short-term and long-term storage duration had no significant effect on GFAP immunoreactivity at all three levels of expression (P > 0.2).However, a significant increase in GFAP immunoreactivity and distribution at all three levels of expression was associated with prolonged post-mortem delay (> 30 h) (P < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of rigorous matching of post-mortem delay between control specimens in histological studies of human retinae. The study further demonstrates the utility of Eye Bank retinae fixed and stored in 2% paraformaldehyde, provided that appropriate controls are applied.


Asunto(s)
Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Preservación de Órganos , Retina/metabolismo , Recolección de Tejidos y Órganos/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Masculino , Microscopía Confocal , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Fijación del Tejido
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