A framework for revising preservice curriculum for nonphysician clinicians: The mozambique experience.

Mozambique, with approximately 0.4 physicians and 4.1 nurses per 10,000 people, has one of the lowest ratios of health care providers to population in the world. To rapidly scale up health care coverage, the Mozambique Ministry of Health has pushed for greater investment in training nonphysician clinicians, Tιcnicos de Medicina (TM). Based on identified gaps in TM clinical performance, the Ministry of Health requested technical assistance from the International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH) to revise the two-and-a-half-year preservice curriculum. A six-step process was used to revise the curriculum: (i) Conducting a task analysis, (ii) defining a new curriculum approach and selecting an integrated model of subject and competency-based education, (iii) revising and restructuring the 30-month course schedule to emphasize clinical skills, (iv) developing a detailed syllabus for each course, (v) developing content for each lesson, and (vi) evaluating implementation and integrating feedback for ongoing improvement. In May 2010, the Mozambique Minister of Health approved the revised curriculum, which is currently being implemented in 10 training institutions around the country. Key lessons learned: (i) Detailed assessment of training institutions' strengths and weaknesses should inform curriculum revision. (ii) Establishing a Technical Working Group with respected and motivated clinicians is key to promoting local buy-in and ownership. (iii) Providing ready-to-use didactic material helps to address some challenges commonly found in resource-limited settings. (iv) Comprehensive curriculum revision is an important first step toward improving the quality of training provided to health care providers in developing countries. Other aspects of implementation at training institutions and health care facilities must also be addressed to ensure that providers are adequately trained and equipped to provide quality health care services. This approach to curriculum revision and implementation teaches several key lessons, which may be applicable to preservice training programs in other less developed countries.

Assisted Partner Notification Services Are Safe and Effective as They Are Brought to Scale in Mozambique.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends that persons diagnosed with HIV be offered assisted partner notification services (APS). There are limited data on the safety of APS as implemented in public health programs. SETTING: Three public health centers in Maputo, Mozambique, 2016-2019. METHODS: Counselors offered APS to persons with newly diagnosed HIV and, as part of a program evaluation, prospectively assessed the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), including (1) pushing, abandonment, or yelling; (2) being hit; and (3) loss of financial support or being expelled from the house. RESULTS: Eighteen thousand nine hundred sixty-five persons tested HIV-positive in the 3 clinics, 13,475 (71%) were evaluated for APS eligibility, 9314 were eligible and offered APS, and 9219 received APS. Index cases (ICs) named 8933 partners without a previous HIV diagnosis, of whom 6137 tested and 3367 (55%) were diagnosed with HIV (case-finding index = 0.36). APS counselors collected follow-up data from 6680 (95%) of 7034 index cases who had untested partners who were subsequently notified; 78 (1.2%) experienced an AE. Among 270 ICs who reported a fear of AEs at their initial APS interview, 211 (78%) notified ≥1 sex partner, of whom 5 (2.4%) experienced an AE. Experiencing an AE was associated with fear of loss of support (odds ratio [OR] 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 to 12.19) and having a partner who was notified, but not tested (OR 3.47; 95% CI: 1.93 to 6.26). CONCLUSION: Case-finding through APS in Mozambique is high and AEs after APS are uncommon. Most ICs with a fear of AEs still elect to notify partners with few experiencing AEs.