Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Cognitive Status, and the Dual-Task Performance Index in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The Performance Index (P-Index) is a measure for evaluating mobility-related dual-task performance in older adults. The identification of specific clinicodemographic factors predictive of P-Index scores, however, remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 120 community-dwelling older adults (average age 71.3 ± 11.23 years) to explore clinicodemographic variables that influence P-Index scores during the instrumented timed up and go test. Unadjusted analyses suggested several factors, including age, gender, body mass index, Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, functional reach test performance, history of falls, ethnicity, Geriatric Depression Scale scores, alcohol consumption, and educational levels, as potential predictors of P-Index. However, adjusted multinomial multiple regression analysis revealed Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini-Mental Status Examination scores as the exclusive independent predictors of P-Index classifications, segmented into high, intermediate, or low (percentiles ≤ 25, 26-74, or ≥ 75, respectively). A significant association was observed between the manifestation of depressive symptoms, lower Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, and reduced cognitive-motor performance. The findings implicate depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance as substantial impediments to optimal dual-task mobility within this cohort. Further studies are warranted to examine the efficacy of cognitive stimulation and antidepressant therapy, in augmenting mobility-related dual-task performance among older adults.

Efeitos do treinamento multicomponente na capacidade intrínseca de idosos residentes na comunidade: protocolo de estudo quase-experimental / Effects of multicomponent training on the intrinsic capacity of communitydwelling older adults: quasi-experimental study protocol

Objetivo: Protocolo para avaliar os efeitos de exercícios multicomponentes na capacidade intrínseca de idosos. Metodologia: Pessoas idosas (≥ 60 anos) cadastradas em um programa de treinamento multicomponente de Porto Alegre (RS) serão selecionados para avaliação da capacidade intrínseca nos seus cinco domínios: vitalidade (teste de força de preensão manual (FPM), índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e nutrição) sensorial (perguntas autorrelatadas), psicológico (Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, GDS-15), cognitivo (MoCA teste) e locomotor (teste de sentar e levantar e TUG). A pontuação composta da capacidade intrínseca será realizada por meio da soma dos domínios em escore de 0 a 10 pontos. Ao fim de 12 semanas de intervenção com exercícios multicomponentes, os participantes serão reavaliados. Para comparar os efeitos do treinamento multicomponente na capacidade intrínseca composta e por domínio serão utilizados os testes t de Student e ANOVA para comparar os efeitos de diversos tipos de treinamento. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob parecer no 5.517.315. Resultados esperados: Ao fim de 12 semanas de intervenção com os exercícios multicomponentes, esperamos um aumento na pontuação composta da capacidade intrínseca e em seus domínios, especialmente o locomotor. Relevância: O risco de dependência, quedas e mortalidade aumenta com o declínio da capacidade intrínseca, suscitando a necessidade de implementar intervenções para limitar esses desfechos negativos. A prática de exercícios multicomponentes é uma estratégia simples, eficaz, com boa adesão e amplamente recomendada para evitar o declínio da capacidade intrínseca e melhorar a saúde e a funcionalidade das pessoas idosas. (AU)

Objective: This is a protocol for assessing the effects of multicomponent exercise on the intrinsic capacity of older adults. Methods: Older adults (≥ 60 years old) will be selected for a multicomponent training program in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil to evaluate the 5 domains of intrinsic capacity: vitality (handgrip strength, body mass index, and nutrition) sensory perception (self-reported questions), psychology (the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale), cognition (the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and locomotion (the sit-to-stand test and the Timed Up and Go test). The composite intrinsic capacity score will be obtained by summing the domains, with total scores ranging from 0 to 10 points. After 12 weeks of the multicomponent exercise intervention, the participants will be reassessed. Student's t-test and ANOVA will be used to compare the effects of different types of training on intrinsic capacity. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the involved institution. Expected results: After the 12-week multicomponent exercise intervention, we expect scores for composite intrinsic capacity and its domains, especially locomotion, to increase. Relevance: The risk of dependence, falls, and mortality increases with reduced intrinsic capacity, indicating a need for interventions to limit these negative outcomes. Multicomponent exercise, a simple, widely recommended, and effective strategy with good adherence, is designed to prevent intrinsic capacity decline in older people and improve their health and functionality. (AU)

Physical activity and medication in the control of blood pressure: secondary analysis of the Brazilian national health research / Atividade física e medicação no controle da pressão sanguínea: análise secundária da pesquisa nacional de saúde

AIM: To test the effectiveness of different physical activities (PA) in controlling blood pressure. The dependent variable was controlled and uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study from the Brazilian National Health Research (PNS) database. The PNS was conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2013, in partnership with the Ministry of Health. Total PA was calculated in minutes per week (MPS) with the sum of 3 activities, physical exercise, time spent walking to work, and heavy work activity. Sociodemographic variables and the use of hypertension medications were analyzed as possible associated factors. RESULTS: The chances of having controlled BP were calculated by logistic regression. Among the 10199 participants aged 40 years and older, who reported hypertension, 5398 (53%) had controlled BP, being higher among the women (56%), within the age range of 40-59 years-old (56%), and on medication for hypertension (54%). The controlled-BP group performed 64 ± 146.1 MPW of PA while the uncontrolled-BP spent 46 ± 150.7 MPW in PA (p < 0.001). Work activity was also higher among the controlled-BP group (p = 0.019). Participants who performed total PA between 90-149 MPW had 21% higher odds of controlled-BP (p = 0.024) and those who performed 150 MPW or more, 22% (p = 0.001). Medication increased the chance of BP control by 18% (p = 0.003). The odds of having controlled-BP were higher in physical exercise: 42% on 90-149 MPW (p = 0.001) and 40% on 150 MPW or more (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Physical exercise was significantly associated with better BP control than just total PA. Both exercise and total physical activity were significantly associated with better BP control than medication.

OBJETIVO: Testar a efetividade de diferentes atividades físicas (AF) no controle da pressão arterial. A variável dependente foi a pressão arterial (PA) controlada e não controlada. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma análise secundária de um estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo e analítico de um banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). A PNS foi conduzida pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no ano de 2013, em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde. A AF total foi calculada em minutos por semana (MPS) com a soma de três atividades, exercício físico, tempo gasto na caminhada para o trabalho e atividade laboral pesada. As variáveis sociodemográficas e o uso de medicamentos para hipertensão foram analisados como possíveis fatores associados. RESULTADOS: As chances de controlar a PA foram calculadas por regressão logística. Entre os 10.199 participantes, com 40 anos ou mais, que relatam hipertensão, 5.398 (53%) controlavam a PA, sendo maior entre as mulheres (56%), com idade entre 40 e 59 anos (56%) e em uso de medicamentos para hipertensão (54%). O grupo PA controlado realizou 64 ± 146,1 MPS de AF, enquanto o PA não controlado passou 46 ± 150,7 MPS em AF (p < 0,001). A atividade laboral também foi maior no grupo PA controlado (p = 0,019). Os participantes que executaram AF total entre 90-149 MPS tiveram chances 21% mais altas de pressão controlada (p = 0,024) e 150 MPS ou mais, essa probabilidade foi de 22% (p = 0,001). A medicação aumentou a chance de controle da PA em 18% (p = 0,003). As chances de ter PA controlada foram maiores no exercício físico: 42%, em 90-149 MPS (p = 0,001) e 40% em 150 MPS ou mais (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O exercício físico esteve significativamente associado a um melhor controle da PA do que somente a prática de AF total. Tanto o exercício físico quanto a atividade física total mostraram-se significativamente associados a um melhor controle da PA do que a medicação.

Physical activity level and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients

Introduction: The recommended management for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) includes an intensive treatment with insulin therapy and the practice of regular exercise. However, this association is related with hypoglycemia episodes. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a cross-sectional evaluation of the association between the physical activity (PA) level and hypoglycemia episodes reported in patients with T1D. Methods: Adult outpatients with T1D had their PA level assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form), considering the intensity of the physical activity (vigorous, moderate and/or walks) in daily activities, such as at work, means of transport, domestic activities and at leisure, and answered questions about self-care and hypoglycemia episodes. Results: The study included 126 patients who presented the following characteristics: mean age of 35 (28-47) years old and 16 (11-24) years of diabetes duration, 55% women, HbA1c=9.3 ± 2.1%, and body mass index = 25.0 ± 4.2 kg/m2 . Very active patients had lower values of glucose and LDL-cholesterol when compared with the less active group. A greater proportion of active (48.1%) and very active patients (66.7%) reported practicing exercise regularly when compared with the less active subjects (13.3%; P=0.003). Less active patients had a three-fold chance of reporting hypoglycemia episodes when compared with very active patients (OR=3.49; CI 95%: 1.26-9.70; P=0.016). Conclusions: Less active adults with T1D presented more hypoglycemia, probably due to the practice of informal moderate and/or vigorous activities without specific self-care.