RESUMEN
Blackberry (Rubus spp.) production in Florida has increased > 100% within the past two decades. and several insect pests, including stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), have been observed feeding on this crop. The objectives for this study were to determine the stink bug species present in blackberry; to develop monitoring tools for stink bugs in blackberry; and to describe feeding injury to blackberries by Euschistus quadrator Rolston, a relatively new stink bug pest to Florida, that has spread throughout the state. In a field survey, E. quadrator was the most abundant stink bug species, followed by Euschistus servus Say, Euschistus obscurus (Palisot de Beauvois), Thyanta custator (F.), Proxys punctulatus (Palisot de Beauvois), and Podisus maculiventris Say. Yellow pyramid traps caught more stink bugs than tube traps with or without the addition of Euschistus spp. pheromone lures. There were no statistical differences between traps baited with a Trécé Pherocon Centrum lure, a Suterra Scenturion lure, and an unbaited trap. These results were supported by Y-tube olfactometer assays with E. quadrator where there were no differences between pheromone baited lures and a control. Injury to berries caused by E. quadrator adults and third instars was similar, and both adults and third instars fed more on green berries compared with turning berries. In addition, adults fed more on green berries compared with ripe fruit. The most common injury to green berries was discoloration. In contrast, misshapen drupelets were commonly seen on turning and ripe berries. The potential for managing stink bugs in blackberries to prevent them from reaching damaging levels is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Heterópteros/fisiología , Control de Insectos/métodos , Animales , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Florida , Frutas , Heterópteros/clasificación , Heterópteros/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Feromonas/farmacología , Densidad de Población , RosaceaeRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Overuse ankle injuries have been described in elite athletes and professional ballet dancers however the spectrum of injuries experienced by professional Irish dancers has not been defined. METHODS: A troupe of actively performing dancers from an Irish-dance show were recruited (eight male, ten female; mean age, 26 years). The prevalence of overuse injuries in the right ankle was determined from magnetic resonance imaging. Foot and ankle self-report questionnaires were also completed (AOFAS and FAOS). RESULTS: Only three ankles were considered radiologically normal. Achilles tendinopathy, usually insertional, was the most frequent observation (n=14) followed by plantar fasciitis (n=7), bone oedema (n=2) and calcaneocuboid joint degeneration (n=2). There were limited correlations between MRI patterns and clinical scores indicating that many conditions are sub-clinical. Dancers with ankle pain had poor low (p=0.004) and high (p=0.013) level function. CONCLUSIONS: Overuse ankle injuries are common in Irish dancers. Incorporating eccentric exercises and plantar fascia stretching into a regular training program may benefit this population.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Trabajo , Traumatismos del Tobillo/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/diagnóstico , Baile/lesiones , Actividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Traumatismos del Tobillo/epidemiología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Irlanda/epidemiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Dimensión del Dolor , Prevalencia , Calidad de Vida , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the quantity of bone removed from the acetabulum during resurfacing hip arthroplasty versus uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: 62 consecutive patients with osteoarthritis of the hip were prospectively studied. 24 men and 7 women aged 40 to 86 (mean, 59) years underwent Birmingham hip resurfacing. 13 men and 18 women aged 34 to 88 (mean, 61) years underwent uncemented THA using the trident acetabular cup. Obese elderly women at risk of femoral neck fracture and patients with large subchondral pseudocysts or a history of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were assigned to uncemented THA. Acetabular reamings were collected; marginal osteophytes were not included. The reamings were dehydrated, defatted, and weighed. RESULTS: The mean weight of acetabular reamings was not significantly different between patients undergoing hip resurfacing and uncemented THA (p=0.57). CONCLUSION: In hip resurfacing, the use of an appropriately small femoral component avoids oversizing the acetabular component and removal of excessive bone stock.
Asunto(s)
Acetábulo/cirugía , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Cementación , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Cabeza Femoral/patología , Cabeza Femoral/cirugía , Prótesis de Cadera , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Diseño de Prótesis , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Implant-associated infection is a major source of morbidity in orthopaedic surgery. There has been extensive research into the development of materials that prevent biofilm formation, and hence, reduce the risk of infection. Silver nanoparticle technology is receiving much interest in the field of orthopaedics for its antimicrobial properties, and the results of studies to date are encouraging. Antimicrobial effects have been seen when silver nanoparticles are used in trauma implants, tumour prostheses, bone cement, and also when combined with hydroxyapatite coatings. Although there are promising results with in vitro and in vivo studies, the number of clinical studies remains small. Future studies will be required to explore further the possible side effects associated with silver nanoparticles, to ensure their use in an effective and biocompatible manner. Here we present a review of the current literature relating to the production of nanosilver for medical use, and its orthopaedic applications.
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Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Nanopartículas/uso terapéutico , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/instrumentación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/microbiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Plata/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Clavos Ortopédicos/efectos adversos , Durapatita , Humanos , Diseño de Prótesis , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/prevención & control , Plata/farmacologíaRESUMEN
2,4-Diaminotoluene, a hepatocarcinogenic aromatic amine, was tested for mutagenic potential at both the autosomal tk locus and the sex-linked hgprt locus of both L5178Y 3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) AT3-2 cells. This compound was mutagenic in both cell types at the tk locus but not at the hgprt locus. Mutagenic activity was observed in L5178Y cells only in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation, but was observed in CHO-AT3-2 cells both with and without activation.
Asunto(s)
Genes/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoxantina Fosforribosiltransferasa/genética , Leucemia L5178/fisiopatología , Leucemia Experimental/fisiopatología , Mutágenos , Mutación , Fenilendiaminas/toxicidad , Timidina Quinasa/genética , Animales , Biotransformación , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ovario , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
Focal femoral inlay resurfacing has been developed for the treatment of full-thickness chondral defects of the knee. This technique involves implanting a defect-sized metallic or ceramic cap that is anchored to the subchondral bone through a screw or pin. The use of these experimental caps has been advocated in middle-aged patients who have failed non-operative methods or biological repair techniques and are deemed unsuitable for conventional arthroplasty because of their age. This paper outlines the implant design, surgical technique and biomechanical principles underlying their use. Outcomes following implantation in both animal and human studies are also reviewed.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago Articular/lesiones , Fémur/cirugía , Hemiartroplastia/métodos , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/cirugía , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Cartílago Articular/cirugía , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Hemiartroplastia/instrumentación , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiología , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Recent reports show increased failure rates in hip resurfacings that display >10 % neck narrowing. The etiology of neck narrowing remains unknown. METHODS: We assessed 80 hip resurfacings at mean 3.5 years follow-up. RESULTS: The overall rate of significant narrowing was 11.25 %. Neck narrowing occurred in 4 % of patients using an anterolateral approach and 23.3 % using a posterior approach (P = 0.019). Logistic regression showed that both surgical approach and cup inclination angle were the most important risk factors for the development of narrowing. The odds of the presence of narrowing increased for every degree increase in cup abduction angle (P = 0.021). There was no significant association with age, sex, pre-operative diagnosis, pre- and post-operative SF-36 scores, neck shaft angle, femoral or acetabular component sizes. CONCLUSION: We postulate that neck narrowing is a result of damage to the medial circumflex femoral vessel when resurfacing through a posterior approach.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Resorción Ósea/etiología , Cuello Femoral/fisiopatología , Prótesis de Cadera/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/irrigación sanguínea , Cuello Femoral/patología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
AIM: To assess the response to treatment in patients with soft tissue impingement of the ankle managed with arthroscopic debridement. METHODS: Forty-one ankle arthroscopies were performed for soft tissue impingement between April 2007 and April 2009. There were 26 men and 15 women and the mean age was 30.1 years. Arthroscopy was performed on an average of 21 months after injury. The Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VASFA) score and Meislin's criteria were used to assess the response to treatment. RESULTS: The mean pre-operative VASFA score was 44.5. This increased to 78.3 postoperatively (p < 0.0001). According to Meislin's criteria, there were 34 good or excellent results, five fair and two poor results. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging was useful in detecting tears of the anterior talofibular ligament and excluding osteochondral defects; however, synovitis and soft tissue impingement was under-reported. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy is an effective method for the diagnoses and treatment of soft tissue impingement of the ankle joint. This condition is under-reported on MRI.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Tobillo/complicaciones , Tobillo/cirugía , Artroscopía , Desbridamiento , Artropatías/cirugía , Esguinces y Distensiones/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Artralgia/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Artropatías/diagnóstico , Artropatías/etiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We developed a method of applying vibration to the impaction bone grafting process and assessed its effect on the mechanical properties of the impacted graft. Washed morsellised bovine femoral heads were impacted into shear test rings. A range of frequencies of vibration was tested, as measured using an accelerometer housed in a vibration chamber. Each shear test was repeated at four different normal loads to generate stress-strain curves. The Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope from which shear strength and interlocking values are derived was plotted for each test. The experiments were repeated with the addition of blood in order to replicate a saturated environment. Graft impacted with the addition of vibration at all frequencies showed improved shear strength when compared with impaction without vibration, with 60 Hz giving the largest effect. Under saturated conditions the addition of vibration was detrimental to the shear strength of the aggregate. The civil-engineering principles of particulate settlement and interlocking also apply to impaction bone grafting. Although previous studies have shown that vibration may be beneficial in impaction bone grafting on the femoral side, our study suggests that the same is not true in acetabular revision.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Vibración/uso terapéutico , Animales , Bovinos , Análisis de Falla de Equipo/instrumentación , Análisis de Falla de Equipo/métodos , Prótesis de Cadera , Ensayo de Materiales/instrumentación , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Falla de Prótesis , Reoperación/métodos , Resistencia al Corte , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Reticulated platelets (RPs) are newly synthesized platelets with increased ribonucleic acid content. The percentage of RPs is elevated in adults with thrombocytopenia as a result of increased platelet destruction. The objectives of this study were to determine normal RP values in neonates at birth and to determine whether neonates with thrombocytopenia as a result of increased platelet destruction have an increased percentage of RPs. STUDY DESIGN: The RP percentages were measured at birth in 89 neonates without thrombocytopenia in three gestational age groups (<30,30 to 36, and >36 weeks), six neonates with immune thrombocytopenia, and one neonate with thrombocytopenia as a result of decreased platelet production. RESULTS: The RP percentages in neonates without thrombocytopenia >36 weeks and 30 to 36 weeks of gestation were 4.0% +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SD) and 4.6% +/- 1.7%, respectively, similar to values reported in healthy adults. Neonates younger than 30 weeks of gestation had significantly higher RP percentages (8.8% +/- 5.1%) than older neonates (p = 0.0001). Term neonates with immune thrombocytopenia had significantly higher RP percentages (38.3% +/- 23.1%) than term neonates without thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0001), with no overlap in RP values. A lower RP percentage (1.5%) and significantly lower absolute RP count were measured in the one neonate with decreased platelet production. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data establish normal RP percentages in term and preterm neonates at birth and demonstrate elevated RP percentages in neonates with immune platelet destruction. The RP values may be helpful in evaluating the causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia.