RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) have severe damage to the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), greatly increasing the risk of death. However, there is no information on the sequence of the underlying, intermediate, immediate, and contributing causes of deaths among these children. The aims of this study are describe the sequence of events leading to death of children with CZS up to 36 months of age and their probability of dying from a given cause, 2015 to 2018. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In a population-based study, we linked administrative data on live births, deaths, and cases of children with CZS from the SINASC (Live Birth Information System), the SIM (Mortality Information System), and the RESP (Public Health Event Records), respectively. Confirmed and probable cases of CZS were those that met the criteria established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The information on causes of death was collected from death certificates (DCs) using the World Health Organization (WHO) DC template. We estimated proportional mortality (PM%) among children with CZS and among children with non-Zika CNS congenital anomalies (CA) by 36 months of age and proportional mortality ratio by cause (PMRc). A total of 403 children with confirmed and probable CZS who died up to 36 months of age were included in the study; 81.9% were younger than 12 months of age. Multiple congenital malformations not classified elsewhere, and septicemia unspecified, with 18 (PM = 4.5%) and 17 (PM = 4.2%) deaths, respectively, were the most attested underlying causes of death. Unspecified septicemia (29 deaths and PM = 11.2%) and newborn respiratory failure (40 deaths and PM = 12.1%) were, respectively, the predominant intermediate and immediate causes of death. Fetuses and newborns affected by the mother's infectious and parasitic diseases, unspecified cerebral palsy, and unspecified severe protein-caloric malnutrition were the underlying causes with the greatest probability of death in children with CZS (PMRc from 10.0 to 17.0) when compared to the group born with non-Zika CNS anomalies. Among the intermediate and immediate causes of death, pneumonitis due to food or vomiting and unspecified seizures (PMRc = 9.5, each) and unspecified bronchopneumonia (PMRc = 5.0) were notable. As contributing causes, fetus and newborn affected by the mother's infectious and parasitic diseases (PMRc = 7.3), unspecified cerebral palsy, and newborn seizures (PMRc = 4.5, each) were more likely to lead to death in children with CZS than in the comparison group. The main limitations of this study were the use of a secondary database without additional clinical information and potential misclassification of cases and controls. CONCLUSION: The sequence of causes and circumstances involved in the deaths of the children with CZS highlights the greater vulnerability of these children to infectious and respiratory conditions compared to children with abnormalities of the CNS not related to Zika.
Asunto(s)
Parálisis Cerebral , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Sepsis , Infección por el Virus Zika , Virus Zika , Embarazo , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Niño , Humanos , Brasil , Causas de Muerte , ConvulsionesRESUMEN
Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem in Brazil. This disease is endemic in most of Bahia state, with increasing reports of cases in new areas. Ecological niche models (ENM) can be used as a tool for predicting potential distribution for disease, vectors, and to identify risk factors associated with their distribution. In this study, ecological niche models (ENMs) were developed for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases and 12 sand fly species captured in Bahia state. Sand fly data was collected monthly by CDC light traps from July 2009 to December 2012. MODIS satellite imagery was used to calculate NDVI, NDMI, and NDWI vegetation indices, MODIS day and night land surface temperature (LST), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and 19 Bioclim variables were used to develop the ENM using the maximum entropy approach (Maxent). Mean diurnal range was the variable that most contributed to all the models for sand flies, followed by precipitation in wettest month. For Lutzomyia longipalpis (L. longipalpis), annual precipitation, precipitation in wettest quarter, precipitation in wettest month, and NDVI were the most contributing variables. For the VL model, the variables that contributed most were precipitation in wettest month, annual precipitation, LST day, and temperature seasonality. L. longipalpis was the species with the widest potential distribution in the state. The identification of risk areas and factors associated with this distribution is fundamental to prioritize resource allocation and to improve the efficacy of the state's program for surveillance and control of VL.
Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Insectos Vectores/fisiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/transmisión , Psychodidae/fisiología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Monitoreo del Ambiente/estadística & datos numéricos , Geografía Médica , Insectos Vectores/clasificación , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Psychodidae/clasificación , Lluvia , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis, a sand fly widely distributed in Brazil. Despite efforts to strengthen national control programs reduction in incidence and geographical distribution of VL in Brazil has not yet been successful; VL is in fact expanding its range in newly urbanized areas. Ecological niche models (ENM) for use in surveillance and response systems may enable more effective operational VL control by mapping risk areas and elucidation of eco-epidemiologic risk factors. ENMs for VL and Lu. longipalpis were generated using monthly WorldClim 2.0 data (30-year climate normal, 1-km spatial resolution) and monthly soil moisture active passive (SMAP) satellite L4 soil moisture data. SMAP L4 Global 3-hourly 9-km EASE-Grid Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture Geophysical Data V004 were obtained for the first image of day 1 and day 15 (0:00-3:00 hour) of each month. ENM were developed using MaxEnt software to generate risk maps based on an algorithm for maximum entropy. The jack-knife procedure was used to identify the contribution of each variable to model performance. The three most meaningful components were used to generate ENM distribution maps by ArcGIS 10.6. Similar patterns of VL and vector distribution were observed using SMAP as compared to WorldClim 2.0 models based on temperature and precipitation data or water budget. Results indicate that direct Earth-observing satellite measurement of soil moisture by SMAP can be used in lieu of models calculated from classical temperature and precipitation climate station data to assess VL risk.
Asunto(s)
Leishmaniasis Visceral , Psychodidae , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Insectos Vectores/fisiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Enfermedades Desatendidas , SueloRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of microcephaly/congenital Zika syndrome (microcephaly/CZS) have harmful consequences on the child's health, increasing vulnerability to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study analyzes the case fatality rate and child-maternal characteristics of cases and deaths related to microcephaly/CZS in Brazil, 2015-2017. METHODS: Population-based study developed by linkage of three information systems. We estimate frequencies of cases, deaths, case fatality rate related to microcephaly/CZS according to child and maternal characteristics and causes of death. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS: The microcephaly/CZS case fatality rate was 10% (95% CI 9.2-10.7). Death related to microcephaly/CZS was associated to moderate (OR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.63-2.83), and very low birth weight (OR = 3.77; 95% CI 2.20-6.46); late preterm births (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.23), Apgar < 7 at 1st (OR = 5.98; 95% CI 4.46-8.02) and 5th minutes (OR = 4.13; 95% CI 2.78-6.13), among others. CONCLUSIONS: A high microcephaly/CZS case fatality rate and important factors associated with deaths related to this syndrome were observed. These results can alert health teams to these problems and increase awareness about the factors that may be associated with worse outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Microcefalia/mortalidad , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Infección por el Virus Zika/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Registros Médicos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Infección por el Virus Zika/congénito , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Studies that generate information that may reduce the dengue death risk are essential. This study analyzed time trends and risk factors for dengue mortality and fatality in Brazil from 2001 to 2011. METHODS: Time trends for dengue mortality and fatality rates were analyzed using simple linear regression. Associations between the dengue mortality and the case fatality rates and socioeconomic, demographic, and health care indicators at the municipality level were analyzed using negative binomial regression. RESULTS: The dengue hemorrhagic fever case fatality rate increased in Brazil from 2001 to 2011 (ß=0.67; p=0.036), in patients aged 0-14 years (ß=0.48; p=0.030) and in those aged ≥15 years (ß=1.1; p<0.01). Factors associated with the dengue case fatality rate were the average income per capita (MRR=0.99; p=0.038) and the number of basic health units per population (MRR=0.89; p<0.001). Mortality rates increased from 2001 to 2011 (ß=0.350; p=0.002).Factors associated with mortality were inequality (RR=1.02; p=0.001) high income per capita (MRR=0.99; p=0.005), and higher proportions of populations living in urban areas (MRR=1.01; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The increases in the dengue mortality and case fatality rates and the associated socioeconomic and health care factors, suggest the need for structural and intersectoral investments to improve living conditions and to sustainably reduce these outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Dengue/mortalidad , Adolescente , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Mortalidad/tendencias , Factores de Riesgo , Dengue Grave/mortalidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
NASAs Earth Observing Satellites (EOS) were used to calculate three vegetation indices, extract precipitation and elevation data, and then evaluate their applicability for assessing risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Bahia State, Brazil. Regression models showed that either form of leishmaniasis can be predicted by NDVI, NDMI, NDWI data products and TRMM) precipitation data (R2 = 0.370; p<0.001). Elevation was not significantly associated with the distribution of either VL or CL. In areas of high annual precipitation, CL was 3.6 times more likely to occur than VL. For vegetative moisture (NDMI), CL was 2.11 times more likely to occur than VL. Odds of CL occurrence increased to 5.5 times when vegetation (NDVI) and 13.5 times when liquid water content of vegetation canopies (NDWI) was considered. Areas at risk of CL and VL were mapped based on the selected explanatory variables. Accuracy of models were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC=0.72). We propose that statewide scale risk models based on use of EOS products will be a useful tool at 1 km2 spatial resolution to enable health workers to identify and target high risk areas to prevent transmission of leishmaniasis.
Os satélites de observação da Terra (SOT) da NASA foram usados para calcular três índices de vegetação, extrair dados de precipitação e elevação e avaliar sua aplicabilidade para identificar o risco para leishmaniose visceral (LV) e leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Modelos de regressão mostraram que ambas as formas de leishmaniose podem ser preditas pelos NDVI, NDMI, NDWI e precipitação TRMM (R2 = 0,370; p<0,001). A elevação não foi significativamente associada à distribuição de LV ou LT. Em áreas de alta precipitação anual, a LT foi 3,6 vezes mais provável de ocorrer do que a LV. Para a umidade vegetativa (NDMI), a LT apresentou 2,11 maior probabilidade de ocorrer do que a LV. As chances de ocorrência de LT aumentaram para 5,5 vezes em relação com a vegetação (NDVI) e 13,5 vezes quando o conteúdo de água líquida dos dosséis da vegetação (NDWI) foi considerado. Áreas em risco de LT e LV foram mapeadas com base nas variáveis explicativas selecionadas. A precisão dos modelos foi avaliada usando a área sob curva característica de operação do receptor (Curva COR=0,72). Propusemos que os modelos de risco em escala estadual baseados no uso de produtos SOT são uma ferramenta útil na resolução espacial de 1 km2 por permitir que profissionais de saúde identifiquem e direcionem áreas de alto risco para evitar a transmissão da leishmaniose.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Riesgo , Leishmaniasis/etiología , Medidas de Precipitación/análisis , Brasil , Leishmaniasis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
NASA's Earth Observing Satellites (EOS) were used to calculate three vegetation indices, extract precipitation and elevation data, and then evaluate their applicability for assessing risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Bahia State, Brazil. Regression models showed that either form of leishmaniasis can be predicted by NDVI, NDMI, NDWI data products and TRMM) precipitation data (R2= 0.370; p<0.001). Elevation was not significantly associated with the distribution of either VL or CL. In areas of high annual precipitation, CL was 3.6 times more likely to occur than VL. For vegetative moisture (NDMI), CL was 2.11 times more likely to occur than VL. Odds of CL occurrence increased to 5.5 times when vegetation (NDVI) and 13.5 times when liquid water content of vegetation canopies (NDWI) was considered. Areas at risk of CL and VL were mapped based on the selected explanatory variables. Accuracy of models were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC=0.72). We propose that statewide scale risk models based on use of EOS products will be a useful tool at 1 km2 spatial resolution to enable health workers to identify and target high risk areas to prevent transmission of leishmaniasis.(AU)
Os satélites de observação da Terra (SOT) da NASA foram usados para calcular três índices de vegetação, extrair dados de precipitação e elevação e avaliar sua aplicabilidade para identificar o risco para leishmaniose visceral (LV) e leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Modelos de regressão mostraram que ambas as formas de leishmaniose podem ser preditas pelos NDVI, NDMI, NDWI e precipitação TRMM (R2 = 0,370; p<0,001). A elevação não foi significativamente associada à distribuição de LV ou LT. Em áreas de alta precipitação anual, a LT foi 3,6 vezes mais provável de ocorrer do que a LV. Para a umidade vegetativa (NDMI), a LT apresentou 2,11 maior probabilidade de ocorrer do que a LV. As chances de ocorrência de LT aumentaram para 5,5 vezes em relação com a vegetação (NDVI) e 13,5 vezes quando o conteúdo de água líquida dos dosséis da vegetação (NDWI) foi considerado. Áreas em risco de LT e LV foram mapeadas com base nas variáveis explicativas selecionadas. A precisão dos modelos foi avaliada usando a área sob curva característica de operação do receptor (Curva COR=0,72). Propusemos que os modelos de risco em escala estadual baseados no uso de produtos SOT são uma ferramenta útil na resolução espacial de 1 km2 por permitir que profissionais de saúde identifiquem e direcionem áreas de alto risco para evitar a transmissão da leishmaniose. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Brasil , Leishmaniasis , Medición de Riesgo , Riesgos Ambientales , ObservaciónRESUMEN
The spread of schistosomiasis mansoni defies efforts by Brazil's Unified National Health System, thus demonstrating the need to reassess endemic control programs in the country. The aim of this study was to demarcate geographic areas at risk of schistosomiasis in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia State, Brazil, and to establish the epidemiological and socioeconomic profile of the disease in this municipality (county). Kernel density estimator exploratory analysis was used for visual identification of areas at risk. Kulldorff & Nagarwalla's spatial analysis was used to obtain statistically significant clusters and to measure risk. These technologies identified four risk areas for schistosomiasis. Clusters identified within the risk areas were characterized by lower socioeconomic conditions. Multiple correspondence analyses showed a distinct profile for positive patients in the primary cluster. The techniques employed here represent an important methodological acquisition for tracking and controlling schistosomiasis in Lauro de Freitas.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Endémicas/prevención & control , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Escolaridad , Femenino , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/prevención & control , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Studies that generate information that may reduce the dengue death risk are essential. This study analyzed time trends and risk factors for dengue mortality and fatality in Brazil from 2001 to 2011.
Time trends for dengue mortality and fatality rates were analyzed using simple linear regression. Associations between the dengue mortality and the case fatality rates and socioeconomic, demographic, and health care indicators at the municipality level were analyzed using negative binomial regression.
The dengue hemorrhagic fever case fatality rate increased in Brazil from 2001 to 2011 (β=0.67; p=0.036), in patients aged 0-14 years (β=0.48; p=0.030) and in those aged ≥15 years (β=1.1; p<0.01). Factors associated with the dengue case fatality rate were the average income per capita (MRR=0.99; p=0.038) and the number of basic health units per population (MRR=0.89; p<0.001). Mortality rates increased from 2001 to 2011 (β=0.350; p=0.002).Factors associated with mortality were inequality (RR=1.02; p=0.001) high income per capita (MRR=0.99; p=0.005), and higher proportions of populations living in urban areas (MRR=1.01; p<0.001).
The increases in the dengue mortality and case fatality rates and the associated socioeconomic and health care factors, suggest the need for structural and intersectoral investments to improve living conditions and to sustainably reduce these outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Dengue/mortalidad , Brasil/epidemiología , Incidencia , Mortalidad/tendencias , Factores de Riesgo , Dengue Grave/mortalidadRESUMEN
Os tumores mamários espontâneos representam a neoplasia mais frequente em fêmeas caninas, correspondendo aproximadamente a 50 por cento de todas as neoplasias. A maioria dos estudos científicos restringe-se a dados pontuais sobre a doença, sem a preocupação com sua distribuição geográfica ou mesmo com a possibilidade da geração de agregados desses eventos em uma determinada área. Levando-se em consideração a lacuna de informações na literatura, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de mapas temáticos da distribuição espacial das neoplasias mamárias em cadelas e a identificação de aglomerados de risco para a doença no município de Salvador, Bahia. Pela análise espacial de varredura, verificou-se que os casos de neoplasia mamária não estão homogeneamente distribuídos no município. Foi detectado um aglomerado primário estatisticamente significante (P<0,001), abrangendo 67,3 por cento dos casos estudados. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam principalmente na elaboração de novos estudos, nos quais devem ser analisadas variáveis de caráter intrínseco e extrínseco ao animal para a identificação dos fatores de risco e elaboração de planos educacionais direcionados à promoção da saúde animal.
Spontaneous mammary tumors represent the most frequent type of cancer in canines, accounting for approximately 50 percent of all neoplasms. The majority of scientific papers cited in the literature are limited to non refined epidemiological data, without mentioning the trend of this disease in generating clusters in a given geographical area. In this context, this research aimed to create thematic maps of spatial distribution of mammary neoplasms in bitches and to identify disease clusters for the city of Salvador, Bahia. Trough the spatial analysis scanning, it was found that cases of breast cancer is not evenly distributed in the municipality. A significant primary cluster was detected (P>0,001) covering 67.3 percent of the studied cases. Considering the gap in literature available in this field, it is believed that such results will become very important, especially in leading to new studies, where intrinsic and extrinsic variables regarding the animal must be taken into consideration and analyzed for factors risk identification to formulate educational plans targeting the promotion of animal welfare.
RESUMEN
A elevada letalidade e o número de pessoas vacinadas tornam a raiva umproblema de saúde pública mundial. Inadequados sistemas de informação e vigilância epidemiológica não permitem conhecer a magnitude real do problema. Geotecnologias aplicadas na saúde pública caracterizam e quantificam a exposição a doenças e seus possíveis determinantes, tendo a análise espacial como instrumento importante nesta avaliação.Este estudo objetivou traçar o perfil epidemiológico das agressões por animais, em Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil, entre 1999-2004, para identificar áreas de risco e subsidiar ações educativas efetivas e específicas para a prevenção da raiva. Observou-se aumento no registrode agressões, provavelmente pelo estímulo a notificação, sendo principalmente por cães, sem raça definida, com proprietário, nos finais de semana, especialmente nas férias de verão. A informação fornecida pelo paciente, durante o atendimento, possibilita erros na prescrição daprofilaxia da raiva humana. O estudo identificou que os Distritos Centro e Itinga apresentam maior densidade populacional, assim como maior número de ocorrência de agressões e incidências. Em análise espacial identificaram-se dois grupos de aglomerados de risco: o Distrito Centro eo aglomerado secundário composto pelos Distritos de Areia Branca e Itinga, localidades que devem ser identificadas como áreas prioritárias para o controle da raiva no município.
The high mortality rate and the number of people vaccinated make rabies aproblem of public health worldwide. Inadequate information and epidemiological surveillance do not reveal the real magnitude of the problem. Geo-technologies applied in public health characterize and quantify exposure to diseases and their risk factors, having spatial analysis as an important part in this evaluation. This study aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of attacks by animals in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brazil, between the years 1999-2004, identifying areas of risk, thereby subsidizing effective educational and specific actions for prevention ofrabies in this county. There was an recorded increase of aggression in the period, probably by an increase in the reporting, mainly by dogs, without defined breed, with their owners, on weekends, especially during summer vacations. Evidence shows that the information providedby the patient during his appointment enable errors in prescription of human prophylaxis. The geo-processing and statistical analysis identified that the Central Districts and Itinga, have the highest population density, as well as many of the occurrence of attacks and incidents. Two groups of risks were identified, the Central District and a secondary cluster composed of two other Districts, Areia Branca and Itinga. These locations are identified as priority areas for control of rabies in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil.
El alto índice de mortalidad y el número de personas vacunadas hacende la rabia un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Inadecuados sistemas de información y vigilancia epidemiológica no permiten conocer la magnitud real del problema. Geotecnologías aplicadas en la salud pública caracterizan y cuantifican la exposición a enfermedades y sus posibles determinantes, teniendo el análisis espacial, como herramientaimportante en la evaluación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el perfil epidemiológico de las agresiones por animales, en Lauro de Freitas, Bahía, Brasil, entre 1999- 2004, para identificar zonas de riesgo y subsidiar acciones educativas efectivas y específicas para la prevención de la rabia. Se observó un aumento en el registro de las agresiones,probablemente debido al estimulo de la notificación, siendo estas, principalmente por perros, sin raza definida, con propietario, durante los fines de semana y especialmente durante las vacaciones de verano. La información proporcionada por el paciente, durante el tratamiento,lleva a errores en la prescripción de la profilaxia de la rabia humana. El estudio identificó que los Distritos Centro e Itinga, presentan una mayor densidad poblacional, así como un mayor número de ocurrencias e incidencias de agresion. En el análisis espacial se identificaran dosgrupos de aglomeración de riesgo: el primero incluye el Distrito Centro y el grupo secundario compuesto por los Distritos de Areia Branca e Itinga, localidades que deben ser identificados como áreas prioritarias para el control de la rabia en la ciudad.
Asunto(s)
Rabia/prevención & control , Perros , Análisis EspacialRESUMEN
A disseminação da esquistossomose mansônica vem desafiando o sistema de saúde brasileiro, deixando clara a necessidade da reavaliação das estratégias do programa de controle da endemia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi delimitar as áreas geográficas de risco para a esquistossomose em Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil, e estabelecer o perfil epidemiológico e socioeconômico da doença no município. Utilizou-se o estimador de densidade de Kernel para a identificação visual de aglomerados de casos e a análise de varredura espaço-temporal de Kulldorff & Nagarwalla para a obtenção de aglomerados com significância estatística e mensuração do risco. As duas técnicas identificaram quatro áreas de risco para a doença no município, com indicadores socioeconômicos mais baixos que as áreas fora dos aglomerados. A análise de correspondência múltipla mostrou um perfil diferenciado nos pacientes positivos para a esquistossomose pertencentes ao aglomerado primário. As técnicas empregadas se configuram em uma importante aquisição metodológica para a vigilância e controle da doença no município.
The spread of schistosomiasis mansoni defies efforts by Brazil's Unified National Health System, thus demonstrating the need to reassess endemic control programs in the country. The aim of this study was to demarcate geographic areas at risk of schistosomiasis in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia State, Brazil, and to establish the epidemiological and socioeconomic profile of the disease in this municipality (county). Kernel density estimator exploratory analysis was used for visual identification of areas at risk. Kulldorff & Nagarwalla's spatial analysis was used to obtain statistically significant clusters and to measure risk. These technologies identified four risk areas for schistosomiasis. Clusters identified within the risk areas were characterized by lower socioeconomic conditions. Multiple correspondence analyses showed a distinct profile for positive patients in the primary cluster. The techniques employed here represent an important methodological acquisition for tracking and controlling schistosomiasis in Lauro de Freitas.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Enfermedades Endémicas , Zona de Riesgo de Desastres , Esquistosomiasis mansoni , Brasil , Escolaridad , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Factores Socioeconómicos , Esquistosomiasis mansoniRESUMEN
A análise da população canina de um município representa um instrumento indispensável para o controle da raiva e outras zoonoses, que tenham o cão como reservatório.Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a população canina do município de Lauro de Freitas (BA), no período de 1999 a 2004, levando em conta os dados socioeconômicos e demográficos de cada distrito sanitário do município. Foi utilizado o histórico vacinal de Lauro de Freitas (BA) entre 1999 e 2004, e os dados do último Censo Demográfico no ano 2000. O estudo possibilitou o dimensionamento, localização e caracterização adequada da população canina. Foi constatado que a população canina estimada no período, conforme orientação do Ministério da Saúde estava subestimada em 25,7%, representando 15,7% da população humana. Verificou-se também grande variação da população canina entre os Distritos Sanitários, com maior concentração em Areia Branca (39,2%), área rural do município, onde as condições socioeconômicas eram inferiores e a menor no distrito de Ipitanga (2,7%), local com características de veraneio. Concluiu-se que a alta proporção de cães no município pode estar relacionada com o tipo de moradia, principalmente horizontal, com predominância de domicílio tipo casa.
The analysis of a municipality canine population is an indispensable for the control of rabies and other zoonosis, which have the dog as a reservoir. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were considered because the relation of those with the health condition of population has been widely mentioned in several studies. Geotechnology applications to public health matters allow better characterization and quantification of exposure to diseases and their possible risk factors. This study was based on the vaccination history in Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brazil (1999 to 2004) and on the last 2000 Population Census data. It noted that the canine population during that period was underestimated by 25,7% in relation to official estimate, representing 15,7% of human population, variation between the districts, with a greater concentration in the municipality s rural area of Areia Branca (39,2%), where the socioeconomic conditions were lower. The district of Ipitanga had the lowest percentage (2,7%). The high proportion of dogs in the place could be linked to the housing type, which is predominantly horizontal in structure.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Salud Pública , Rabia/epidemiología , Rabia/prevención & control , Zoonosis , Brasil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A Esquistossomose Mansônica continua a ser um problema de saúde pública no Nordeste brasileiro, apresentando focos nas periferias dos centros urbanos. Segundo a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, embora seja uma doença tratável e de custos embutidos no orçamento público, os resultados das campanhas de controle acusam altos custos operacionais e respostas nada animadoras, levando à hipótese de que os aspectos sociodemográficos e comportamentais influenciam na persistência da infecção. Com a evolução das técnicas e equipamentos computacionais dos últimos anos, tem sido observado o sucesso do emprego das geotecnologias em epidemiologia das doenças tropicais, aumentando a possibilidade de identificação de áreas e populações sob risco. Assim, com o objetivo de identificar os grupos sociais homogêneos no município de Jacobina, Bahia, utilizaram-se técnicas de estatística multivariada de análise de agrupamento hierárquica e de componentes principais. O resultado mostrou uma divisão contendo dois grupos diferenciados pelas condições sanitárias e de tratamento de água, sendo de grande importância para a formulação de ações diferenciadas no âmbito local.