Response rates and associated factors after a multicomponent intervention in frail older adults with diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and frailty are associated with functional decline in older population. OBJECTIVE: To explore the individual response to a multimodal intervention on functional performance. DESIGN: A cluster-randomised multicentre clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatients in hospital or primary care. SUBJECTS: 843 (77.83 years, 50.65% men) prefrail and frail individuals ≥70 years with T2DM. METHODS: Participants were allocated to usual care group (UCG) or a multicomponent intervention group (IG): 16-week progressive resistance training, seven nutritional and diabetological educational sessions and achievement of glycated haemoglobin (7-8%) and blood pressure (<150 mmHg) targets. Functional performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at 1 year. We used multivariate binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to explore the effect of the IG, and adherence on the outcomes studied, in several adjusted models. RESULTS: 53.7% in the IG versus 38.0% in the UCG improved by at least 1 point in their SPPB score [OR (95% CI): 2.07 (1.43, 2.98), P value <0.001]. Age, SPPB score and number of frailty criteria met decreased the probability of improving the SPPB score. Factors associated with worsening were pertaining to IG (decreased), age, SPPB score and the number of frailty criteria (increased). An adherence ≥84% was needed to achieve benefits, reaching the peak in the probability of improving SPPB when this was ≥85% [OR(95%CI): 2.38 (1.29, 4.79), P value 0.014]. CONCLUSIONS: Factors predicting the likelihood of improvement in a multimodal programme in pre-frail and frail older adults with diabetes are age, basal SPPB score, the number of frailty criteria and adherence.

Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en el enfermo mayor con nefropatía diabética / Management of elderly hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy

La diabetes y la HTA son los factores de riesgo cardiovascular hallados con más frecuencia en los ancianos y los que le confieren un mayor riesgo de enfermedad. Las peculiaridades del terreno sobre el que asienta la enfermedad (el paciente anciano), la frecuente comorbilidad y la peculiaridad de los objetivos terapéuticos propios de estos pacientes (más centrados en la preservación de la autonomía funcional que en la prolongación de la expectativa de vida) plantean una serie de consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Estas consideraciones abarcan desde el propio significado pronóstico de la nefropatía hasta la indicación de tratamiento y objetivo de presión arterial del tratamiento hipotensor, pasando por la dificultad diagnóstica en función de las múltiples causas concurrentes que conducen a la nefropatía en las personas mayores, y sus manifestaciones clínicas o la ausencia de ensayos clínicos específicamente diseñados para evaluar el efecto de los fármacos en este grupo de población (AU)

Diabetes and hypertension are the most common cardiovascular risk factors found in the elderly, and are the factors most likely to lead to disease. The particular clinical characteristics of the elderly, the high frequency of comorbid conditions, and the distinctive nature of therapeutic goals in these patients (which focus more on the preservation of functional autonomy than on increasing life expectancy) give rise to a number of diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. These include questions about the true prognostic significance of diabetic nephropathy, appropriate indications for treatment, and the correct blood pressure target for hypertensive treatment. They also include the difficulty of making a diagnosis when there are numerous concurrent conditions in elderly patients that could also lead to nephropathy, the varied clinical manifestations of these conditions, and the lack of clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate the effect of drugs in this age group (AU)