SIRT5 exacerbates eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis by promoting polarization of M2 macrophage.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies implied that local M2 polarization of macrophage promoted mucosal edema and exacerbated TH2 type inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the specific pathogenic role of M2 macrophages and the intrinsic regulators in the development of CRS remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the regulatory role of SIRT5 in the polarization of M2 macrophages and its potential contribution to the development of CRSwNP. METHODS: Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to examine the expression levels of SIRT5 and markers of M2 macrophages in sinonasal mucosa samples obtained from both CRS and control groups. Wild-type and Sirt5-knockout mice were used to establish a nasal polyp model with TH2 inflammation and to investigate the effects of SIRT5 in macrophage on disease development. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to elucidate the regulatory role of SIRT5 in polarization of M2 macrophages. RESULTS: Clinical investigations showed that SIRT5 was highly expressed and positively correlated with M2 macrophage markers in eosinophilic polyps. The expression of SIRT5 in M2 macrophages was found to contribute to the development of the disease, which was impaired in Sirt5-deficient mice. Mechanistically, SIRT5 was shown to enhance the alternative polarization of macrophages by promoting glutaminolysis. CONCLUSIONS: SIRT5 plays a crucial role in promoting the development of CRSwNP by supporting alternative polarization of macrophages, thus providing a potential target for CRSwNP interventions.

[Influence of online social software on HIV transmission among men who have sex with men].

The prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is important for public health. Sexual contact transmission has replaced blood transmission as a major route of HIV transmission in China. The incidence of HIV infection increased significantly among young men who have sex with men (MSM). Online social software instead of traditional venues has become a main means of seeking sexual partners. The application of online social software may contribute to an increased incidence of HIV among young MSMs by promoting such risky behaviors as having occasional or multiple sexual partners and drug abuse. Compared with the MSMs enrolled from traditional venues, those recruited online showed significant differences in the educational level, sexual behaviors, and HIV knowledge. Online social software is a promising way to improve the prevention and control of HIV as well as HIV-related epidemic surveys.

A cross-sectional study on predictors of patients' tinnitus severity.

Objective: To identify factors that influence the severity of tinnitus via a hierarchical multiple linear regression model. Methods: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. The study included 331 patients experiencing tinnitus as their primary concern, who visited Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of the Navy Medical University between 2019 and 2021. Data on general health status and disease characteristics were collected from all patients. With their consent, participants underwent audiological evaluatons and completed questionnaires to analyze the characteristics of their tinnitus and the factors influencing its severity. Results: The correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between tinnitus frequency, tinnitus loudness, SAS scores, and PSQI scores with THI scores (P < 0.05) among nine examined variables (gender, handedness, employment status, age, BMI, tinnitus frequency, tinnitus loudness, SAS scores, and PSQI scores). The variables that were extracted from the multiple regression were; for the constant; ß = -51.797, t = -4.484, P < 0.001, variable is significant; for the tinnitus loudness; ß = 0.161, t = 2.604, P < 0.05, variable is significant; for the tinnitus frequency; ß = 0.000, t = 1.269, P = 0.206, variable is not significant; for the SAS scores; ß = 1.310, t = 7.685, P < 0.001, variable is significant; for the PSQI scores; ß = 1.680, t = 5.433, P < 0.001, variable is significant. Therefore, the most accurate model for predicting severity in tinnitus patients is a linear combination of the constant, tinnitus loudness, SAS scores, and PSQI scores, Y(Tinnitus severity) = ß 0 + ß 1 (Tinnitus loudness) + ß 2 (SAS scores) + ß 3 (PSQI scores). ß 0, ß 1, ß 2, and ß 3 are -51.797, 0.161, 1.310 and 1.680, respectively. Conclusion: Tinnitus severity is positively associated with loudness, anxiety levels, and sleep quality. To effectively manage tinnitus in patients, it is essential to promptly identify and address these accompanying factors and related symptoms.