Clinical features and outcomes from the Singapore Sjögren's syndrome study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features, treatment and outcomes of primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) in a Singapore cohort from an outpatient rheumatology clinic. METHODS: Computerised Physician Order entry records of patients who fulfilled the 2016 ACR-EULAR classification criteria for pSS between 1993 and 2013 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: There were 102 patients, of which 96 (94.1%) were females, and 91 (89.2%) Chinese. Mean age at diagnosis was 49.3 ± 11.8 years, mean disease duration was 9.0 ± 4.6 years. The most common manifestations were keratoconjunctivitis sicca (99.0%), xerostomia (96.1%), arthralgia/arthritis (56.9%). Exocrine glandular enlargement comprised parotidomegaly (28, 27.5%), with concurrent submandibular and lacrimal gland enlargement in one. The nervous system (15.7%) was the most commonly affected internal organ, with peripheral nervous system (peripheral neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex) involvement more common than central. Hydroxychloroquine was most frequently used (88.2%), followed by methotrexate (7.8%) and azathioprine (6.9%). Pulsed intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone 500 mg/day for 3 days was used in 5 patients followed by oral (4) or IV cyclophosphamide (1) for cardiomyopathy and interstitial lung disease (1), and neurological involvement (4). These comprised neuromyelitis optica, transverse myelopathy, cranial neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex and/or peripheral neuropathy alone or in combination. Intravenous immunoglobulins (2.0%) was used for sensory neuropathy and mononeuritis multiplex; rituximab (1.0%) in 1 patient for treatment of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. There were no deaths. CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal manifestations were common, with the nervous system (peripheral more than central) the most common internal organ involved. Lymphoma was uncommon despite up to one-third of the cohort developing glandular enlargement.

Preventing early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis: clinical risk factor-based screening or culture-based screening?

INTRODUCTION: Two strategies are available for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis - clinical risk factor-based screening and routine culture-based screening of pregnant women for GBS colonisation. In our hospital, we switched from the former to the latter approach in 2014. METHODS: We compared the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis during 2001-2015 between infants born to pregnant women who were screened for GBS colonisation and those born to women who were not screened. RESULTS: Among 41,143 live births, there were nine cases of early-onset GBS sepsis. All infants with GBS sepsis were born to pregnant women who were not screened for GBS colonisation. The incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis among infants of women who were not screened was 0.41 per 1,000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19-0.77) when compared to infants of women who were screened, for whom the sepsis incidence was zero per 1,000 live births (95% CI 0-0.19; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that routine culture-based screening of pregnant women for GBS colonisation is a better preventive strategy for early-onset GBS sepsis in neonates when compared to clinical risk factor-based screening.