Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , Coinfección/epidemiología , Virosis/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/virología , China/epidemiología , Coinfección/microbiología , Coinfección/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
AIM: To identify the cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptors (CCK-AR) on the guniea pig gallbladder interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) and to study CCK-8 induced gallbladder muscle strip contractions through the CCK-AR. METHODS: The existence of CCK-AR was examined by immunohistofluorescence on sectioned tissue and cultured cells. In vitro contractile response of guinea pig gallbladder muscle strips and the strips with ICC removed were also studied with CCK-8 receptors added. RESULTS: In tissue sections, intensely CCKAR-immunoreactive interstitial cells were found mainly in the muscular layers. In cultured cell sections, distinctive double staining of C-kit and CCK-AR ICCs were found. When we removed the ICC of the gallbladder, CCK-8 induced muscle strip contraction dose response curve significantly shifted to the right. CONCLUSION: We proved that both the existence of CCK-AR on the guinea pig gallbladder ICC and CCK evoked contraction are mediated through direct action on CCK-AR on the gallbladder ICC.
Asunto(s)
Colagogos y Coleréticos/farmacología , Colecistoquinina/farmacología , Vesícula Biliar/fisiología , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/citología , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Receptor de Colecistoquinina A/metabolismo , Animales , Atropina/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Vesícula Biliar/efectos de los fármacos , Cobayas , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacología , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Receptor de Colecistoquinina A/efectos de los fármacos , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Sodio/farmacología , Tetrodotoxina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In traditional Chinese medicine, Nitraria sibirica Pall. (Nitrariaceae) is used to treat hypertension. This study determined the effects of the total alkaloids of the leaves of Nitraria sibirica (NSTA) on blood pressure and albuminuria in mice treated with angiotensin II and a high-salt diet (ANG/HS). Adult mice were divided into three groups: control; infused with angiotensin II and fed a diet containing 4% NaCl (ANG/HS; and ANG/HS plus injection of NSTA (1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), i.p.). After treatment of these regimens, daily water and food intake, kidney weight, blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion, renal concentrations of inflammatory markers, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the expression of renal fibrosis markers were determined. Compared to the control group, the ANG/HS group had higher blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion. Treatment with NSTA in ANG/HS mice for three weeks significantly reduced blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion. ANG/HS treatment caused elevated levels of sICAM-1 and MCP-1, as well as increased fibrosis markers. Concurrent treatment with ANG/HS and NSTA attenuated the levels and expression of renal inflammatory and fibrosis markers. Treatment with NSTA effectively reduces hypertension-induced albuminuria through the reduction of renal inflammatory and fibrosis markers.