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PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke can be complicated by vessel perforation. We studied the incidence and determinants of vessel perforations. In addition, we studied the association of vessel perforations with functional outcome, and the association between location of perforation on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and functional outcome, using a large EVT registry. METHODS: We included all patients in the MR CLEAN Registry who underwent EVT. We used DSA to determine whether EVT was complicated by a vessel perforation. We analyzed the association with baseline clinical and interventional parameters using logistic regression models. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. The association between vessel perforation and angiographic imaging features and functional outcome was studied using ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for prognostic parameters. These associations were expressed as adjusted common odds ratios (acOR). RESULTS: Vessel perforation occurred in 74 (2.6%) of 2794 patients who underwent EVT. Female sex (aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-3.2)) and distal occlusion locations (aOR 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.5)) were associated with increased risk of vessel perforation. Functional outcome was worse in patients with vessel perforation (acOR 0.38 (95% CI 0.23-0.63)) compared to patients without a vessel perforation. No significant association was found between location of perforation and functional outcome. CONCLUSION: The incidence of vessel perforation during EVT in this cohort was low, but has severe clinical consequences. Female patients and patients treated at distal occlusion locations are at higher risk.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Femenino , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/etiología , Isquemia Encefálica/etiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The tumor immune microenvironment is a heterogeneous entity. Gene expression analysis allows us to perform comprehensive immunoprofiling and may assist in dissecting the different components of the immune infiltrate. As gene expression analysis also provides information regarding tumor cells, differences in interactions between the immune system and specific tumor characteristics can also be explored. This study aims to gain further insights in the composition of the tumor immune infiltrate and to correlate these components to histology and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Archival tissues from 530 early stage, resected NSCLC patients with annotated tumor and patient characteristics were analyzed using the NanoString nCounter Analysis system. RESULTS: Unsupervised clustering of the samples was mainly driven by the overall level of inflammation, which was not correlated with survival in this patient set. Adenocarcinoma (AD) showed a significantly higher degree of immune infiltration compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 34-gene signature, which did not correlate with the overall level of immune infiltration, was identified and showed an OS benefit in SCC. Strikingly, this benefit was not observed in AD. This difference in OS in SCC specifically was confirmed in two independent NSCLC cohorts. The highest correlation between expression of the 34-gene signature and specific immune cell populations was observed for NK cells, but although a plausible mechanism for NK cell intervention in tumor growth could be established in SCC over AD, this could not be translated back to immunohistochemistry, which showed that NK cell infiltration is scarce irrespective of histology. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the ability of immune cell infiltration and the interaction between tumor and immune cells may be different between AD and SCC histology and that a subgroup of SCC tumors seems more susceptible to Natural Killer cell recognition and killing, whereas this may not occur in AD tumors. A highly sensitive technique like NanoString was able to detect this subgroup based on a 34-gene signature, but further research will be needed to assist in explaining the biological rationale of such low-level expression signatures.
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Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Pronóstico , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is new interest in platinum-based treatment of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), to which a subgroup responds. Although platinum sensitivity is suggested to be associated with aggressive disease features and distinct molecular profiles, identification of responders is a clinical challenge. In this study, we selected patients who displayed PSA progression during cabazitaxel monotherapy, for combined cabazitaxel and carboplatin treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, mCRPC patients received carboplatin and cabazitaxel after biochemical progression following at least 2 cabazitaxel monotherapy cycles. We assessed PSA response, Time to PSA Progression (TTpsa) and Time to Radiographic Progression (TTrad). For a subset of patients, mutational analysis of BRCA-1, BRCA-2, ATM, PTEN, P53 and RB1 was performed. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were included, after a median of 4 (3-6) cycles of cabazitaxel monotherapy. Patients received a median of 3 (2-5) cycles of combined cabazitaxel and carboplatin, on which 12 (26.6%) patients had a PSA decline ≥ 50% from baseline. TTpsa was 2 (1-5) months and TTrad 3 (2-6) months. Adverse events were predominantly grade 1-2. Of the 29 (64.4%) patients evaluable for molecular signature, 6 (13.3%) had BRCA1, BRCA2 or ATM mutations and 12 (26.7%) had a PTEN, P53 or RB1 mutations. The occurrence of these mutations was not associated with any clinical outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we showed that patients with PSA progression during cabazitaxel monotherapy could benefit from the addition of carboplatin to cabazitaxel, while prospective identification of these patients remains a clinical challenge.
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Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Taxoides , Masculino , Humanos , Carboplatino/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/genética , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In the absence of prognostic biomarkers, most patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC) are treated with combination chemotherapy. The identification of biomarkers to select patients for whom treatment de-escalation or escalation could be considered remains an unmet need. We evaluated the prognostic value of histopathologic traits in a unique cohort of young, (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy-naïve patients with early-stage (stage I or II), node-negative TNBC and long-term follow-up, in relation to stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) for which the prognostic value was recently reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all 485 patients with node-negative eTNBC from the population-based PARADIGM cohort which selected women aged <40 years diagnosed between 1989 and 2000. None of the patients had received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy according to standard practice at the time. Associations between histopathologic traits and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 20.0 years, an independent prognostic value for BCSS was observed for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) [adjusted (adj.) hazard ratio (HR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-3.69], fibrotic focus (adj. HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.37) and sTILs (per 10% increment adj. HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.82). In the sTILs <30% subgroup, the presence of LVI resulted in a higher cumulative incidence of breast cancer death (at 20 years, 58%; 95% CI 41% to 72%) compared with when LVI was absent (at 20 years, 32%; 95% CI 26% to 39%). In the ≥75% sTILs subgroup, the presence of LVI might be associated with poor survival (HR 11.45, 95% CI 0.71-182.36, two deaths). We confirm the lack of prognostic value of androgen receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 -low status. CONCLUSIONS: sTILs, LVI and fibrotic focus provide independent prognostic information in young women with node-negative eTNBC. Our results are of importance for the selection of patients for de-escalation and escalation trials.
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Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Humanos , Femenino , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/metabolismo , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/patología , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Quimioterapia AdyuvanteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer cells deficient for BRCA1 are hypersensitive to agents inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), such as bifunctional alkylators and platinum agents. Earlier, we had developed a comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) classifier based on BRCA1-mutated breast cancers. We hypothesised that this BRCA1-like(CGH) classifier could also detect loss of function of BRCA1 due to other causes besides mutations and, consequently, might predict sensitivity to DSB-inducing agents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated this classifier in stage III breast cancer patients, who had been randomly assigned between adjuvant high-dose platinum-based (HD-PB) chemotherapy, a DSB-inducing regimen, and conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Additionally, we assessed BRCA1 loss through mutation or promoter methylation and immunohistochemical basal-like status in the triple-negative subgroup (TN subgroup). RESULTS: We observed greater benefit from HD-PB chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy among patients with BRCA1-like(CGH) tumours [41/230 = 18%, multivariate hazard ratio (HR) = 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.43] compared with patients with non-BRCA1-like(CGH) tumours (189/230 = 82%, HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.50-1.20), with a significant difference (test for interaction P = 0.006). Similar results were obtained for overall survival (P interaction = 0.04) and when analyses were restricted to the TN subgroup. Sixty-three percent (20/32) of assessable BRCA1-like(CGH) tumours harboured either a BRCA1 mutation (n = 8) or BRCA1 methylation (n = 12). CONCLUSION: BRCA1 loss as assessed by CGH analysis can identify patients with substantially improved outcome after adjuvant DSB-inducing chemotherapy when compared with standard anthracycline-based chemotherapy in our series.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Basocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Hibridación Genómica Comparativa , Mutación/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma Basocelular/clasificación , Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Metilación de ADN , Epirrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Tiotepa/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To develop a delineation tool that refines physician-drawn contours of the gross tumor volume (GTV) in nasopharynx cancer, using combined pixel value information from x-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during delineation. METHODS: Operator-guided delineation assisted by a so-called "snake" algorithm was applied on weighted CT-MRI registered images. The physician delineates a rough tumor contour that is continuously adjusted by the snake algorithm using the underlying image characteristics. The algorithm was evaluated on five nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Different linear weightings CT and MRI were tested as input for the snake algorithm and compared according to contrast and tumor to noise ratio (TNR). The semi-automatic delineation was compared with manual contouring by seven experienced radiation oncologists. RESULTS: A good compromise for TNR and contrast was obtained by weighing CT twice as strong as MRI. The new algorithm did not notably reduce interobserver variability, it did however, reduce the average delineation time by 6 min per case. CONCLUSIONS: The authors developed a user-driven tool for delineation and correction based a snake algorithm and registered weighted CT image and MRI. The algorithm adds morphological information from CT during the delineation on MRI and accelerates the delineation task.
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Algoritmos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/radioterapia , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patología , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas Informáticos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab showed high pathologic response rates (pRRs) in patients with macroscopic stage III melanoma in the phase 1b OpACIN ( NCT02437279 ) and phase 2 OpACIN-neo ( NCT02977052 ) studies1,2. While the results are promising, data on the durability of these pathologic responses and baseline biomarkers for response and survival were lacking. After a median follow-up of 4 years, none of the patients with a pathologic response (n = 7/9 patients) in the OpACIN study had relapsed. In OpACIN-neo (n = 86), the 2-year estimated relapse-free survival was 84% for all patients, 97% for patients achieving a pathologic response and 36% for nonresponders (P < 0.001). High tumor mutational burden (TMB) and high interferon-gamma-related gene expression signature score (IFN-γ score) were associated with pathologic response and low risk of relapse; pRR was 100% in patients with high IFN-γ score/high TMB; patients with high IFN-γ score/low TMB or low IFN-γ score/high TMB had pRRs of 91% and 88%; while patients with low IFN-γ score/low TMB had a pRR of only 39%. These data demonstrate long-term benefit in patients with a pathologic response and show the predictive potential of TMB and IFN-γ score. Our findings provide a strong rationale for a randomized phase 3 study comparing neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab versus standard adjuvant therapy with antibodies against the programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) in macroscopic stage III melanoma.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Ipilimumab/administración & dosificación , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Nivolumab/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/inmunología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/inmunología , Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno CTLA-4/genética , Antígeno CTLA-4/inmunología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/efectos adversos , Interferón gamma/genética , Ipilimumab/efectos adversos , Masculino , Melanoma/inmunología , Melanoma/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación/genética , Terapia Neoadyuvante/efectos adversos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Nivolumab/efectos adversos , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Long-term exposure to anti-epileptic drugs has been shown to decrease bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this 7-year follow-up study was to explore changes in bone status, using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in adults with refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) residing at a long-term care facility. Both measurements can be challenging to conduct in this population. METHODS: In 2009 and 2016, a total of 126 patients (18-79 years) underwent QUS of the heel and DXA of lumbar spine (LS) and hip (femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH)). Subgroup analysis was performed for patients with (group A, n = 53) and without (group B, n = 73) bisphosphonate use during follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, weak to moderate correlations between changes in DXA and QUS parameters were found. For group A, correlations varied from r = .31 to .59, whereas correlations did not exceed r = .40 in group B. Patients in group A showed a larger increase or a smaller decrease in BMD for all DXA regions during follow-up (p < .001 for ΔLS and ΔFN BMD, p = .001 for ΔTH BMD). For change in QUS parameters, no significant difference between groups was found. CONCLUSION: In this study we demonstrated the limited use of QUS in the monitoring of bone status in our study population. Although correlations between changes in QUS parameters and axial DXA are positive and mostly significant, QUS only explains little of the variability in DXA values and is inadequate for measuring treatment response in this population.
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Absorciometría de Fotón/normas , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Densidad Ósea , Epilepsia Refractaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Discapacidad Intelectual , Ultrasonografía/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Comorbilidad , Difosfonatos/uso terapéutico , Epilepsia Refractaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Epilepsia Refractaria/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Discapacidad Intelectual/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Different genomic resources in chicken were integrated through the Wageningen chicken BAC library. First, a BAC anchor map was created by screening this library with two sets of markers: microsatellite markers from the consensus linkage map and markers created from BAC end sequencing in chromosome walking experiments. Second, HINdIII digestion fingerprints were created for all BACs of the Wageningen chicken BAC library. Third, cytogenetic positions of BACs were assigned by FISH. These integrated resources will facilitate further chromosome-walking experiments and whole-genome sequencing.
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Pollos/genética , Genoma , Genómica/tendencias , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/tendencias , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/veterinaria , Animales , Mapeo Cromosómico/veterinaria , Cromosomas Artificiales Bacterianos/genética , Mapeo Contig/veterinaria , Análisis Citogenético/veterinaria , ADN/genética , Dermatoglifia del ADN/veterinaria , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/veterinaria , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Lugares Marcados de SecuenciaRESUMEN
From the files of the outpatient urology department 44 men with ED had undergone both psychophysiological diagnostic screening (PDS, VSS, VSS+VIB, ICI+VSS+VIB) and color Doppler sonography testing (CDS, including VSS). PDS was carried out by one medical physiologist, CDS by one urologist. The diagnoses reached could be compared. This study revealed that CDS in ED-patients often resulted in an incorrect diagnosis, that is a presumed vascular abnormality while many such patients demonstrated firm erections under PDS-laboratory test conditions. Thus, it was concluded that CDS as a (first) screening test in ED-patients is of limited value. It was further emphasized that PDS, although giving quite relevant information about possible etiology and therapeutic treatment, is not a necessary first screen. Good history taking, preferably of the man and his partner, is still the basic first screen and quite often offers enough information to make a treatment plan with reasonable likelihood of success.
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Disfunción Eréctil/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color , Adulto , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicofisiología/métodos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Quantitative trait loci for BW at 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18 wk of age were detected in an experimental F2 cross of layers divergently selected for primary antibody response to SRBC. A negative phenotypic correlation between levels of antibody titers and BW, was reported earlier within founder lines. The entire experimental population was genotyped with 174 microsatellite markers equally distributed over the genome. Two genetic models were applied in the QTL analysis: a half-sib model and a line-cross model, both using the regression interval method. In the half-sib model, 3 QTL for BW at 4 wk of age on chromosomes GGA2, GGA3, and GGA9 were detected. For BW at 6 wk of age, 3 QTL were detected on GGA2, GGA3, and GGA6. For BW at 8 wk of age, a QTL was detected on GGA7, and for BW at 12 and 18 wk of age, a QTL was detected on GGAZ. With the line-cross analysis model, one QTL on GGA7 for BW at 4 wk of age was detected. Two QTL were detected on GGA3 and GGA7 for BW at 6 wk of age, and one on GGA3 was detected for BW for 8 and 12 wk of age. For BW at 18 wk of age, there were no QTL under the line-cross analysis model. The present data suggest that 1) a different set of genes affects the early and the late growth, and 2) genes selected to humoral immune responsiveness are different from genes underlying growth.
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Formación de Anticuerpos/genética , Peso Corporal/genética , Pollos/genética , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Envejecimiento , Animales , Pollos/inmunología , Eritrocitos/inmunología , Genotipo , Endogamia , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Fenotipo , Ovinos/sangreRESUMEN
Feather pecking (FP) is a major problem in cage and free-range housing systems. In free-range systems, FP is more difficult to control. It is not known why a victim is being pecked. It could be that a bird is genetically predisposed to be pecked. To study the genetics of FP behavior, a large F2 population of 630 hens was generated from a cross between two commercial laying lines differing in their propensity to feather peck. The traits measured at 6 and 30 wk of age were receiving gentle FP, receiving severe FP, and receiving aggressive pecking. In addition, receiving toe pecking (TP) was also measured at 30 wk of age. For receiving gentle FP at 6 wk of age, a significant QTL on GGA1 and three different suggestive QTL were identified on GGA2, GGA6, and GGA7, respectively. For receiving gentle FP at 30 wk of age, a suggestive QTL on GGA5 was detected. For receiving aggressive pecking, a suggestive QTL was detected on GGA3. For receiving TP, three suggestive QTL were detected on GGA1, GGA5, and GGA23, respectively. The different QTL detected for receiving gentle FP at different ages indicate that this trait is regulated by different genes in young and adult hens.
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Conducta Animal , Pollos/genética , Plumas , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Agresión , Envejecimiento , Animales , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Femenino , Genotipo , FenotipoRESUMEN
In the European Union, legislation concerning animal housing is becoming stricter because of animal welfare concerns. Feather pecking (FP) in large group housing systems is a major problem. It has been suggested that corticosterone (CORT) response to manual restraint as a measure for stress is associated with FP behavior. The aim of the current study was to identify QTL involved in FP behavior and stress response in laying hens. An F2 population of 630 hens was established from a cross between two commercial lines of laying hens differing in their propensity to feather peck. The behavioral traits, measured at 6 and 30 wk of age, were gentle FP, severe FP, and aggressive pecking. Toe pecking was measured at 30 wk of age and CORT response to manual restraint was measured at 32 wk. All animals were genotyped for 180 microsatellite markers. A QTL analysis was performed using a regression interval mapping method. At 6 wk of age, a suggestive QTL on GGA10 was detected for gentle FP. At 30 wk of age, suggestive QTL were detected on GGA1 and GGA2 for gentle FP. A significant QTL was detected on GGA2 for severe FP. At 32 wk of age, a suggestive QTL was detected on GGA18 for CORT response to manual restraint. In addition, a suggestive QTL was detected on GGA5 with possible maternal parent-of-origin effect for CORT response.
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Conducta Animal , Pollos/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Oviposición , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Agresión , Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Corticosterona/sangre , Plumas , Femenino , Genotipo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/genética , Restricción Física , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/veterinariaRESUMEN
Quantitative trait loci involved in the primary antibody response to keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) and Mycobacterium butyricum were detected in two independent populations of laying hens. The first population was an F2 cross (H/L) of lines divergently selected for either high or low primary antibody responses to SRBC, and the second population was an F2 cross between 2 commercial layer lines displaying differences in feather pecking behavior (FP). Both populations were typed with microsatellite markers widely distributed over the genome with similar intervals between markers. Titers of antibodies binding KLH and M. butyricum were measured for all individuals by ELISA. Two genetic models were applied to detect QTL involved in the humoral immune response: a half-sib model and a line-cross model, both using the regression interval method. In the half-sib analysis, 2 QTL (on GGA14 and GGA27) were detected for the antibody response to KLH for the H/L population, and 2 QTL (on GGA14 and GGA18) were detected for the FP population. Only 1 QTL was detected for M. butyricum on GGA14 in the FP population using the half-sib analysis model. Two QTL were detected for the FP population on GGA2 and GGA3 using the line-cross analysis model. A QTL for the primary antibody response to KLH detected on GGA14 was validated in both populations under the half-sib analysis model. The present data suggest differences in the genetic regulation of antibody responses to two different T-cell dependent antigens.
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Formación de Anticuerpos/genética , Pollos/genética , Pollos/inmunología , Hemocianinas/inmunología , Mycobacterium/inmunología , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Agresión , Animales , Antígenos/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Conducta Animal , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Genotipo , Endogamia , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Fenotipo , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Soil dilution plates were prepared from different soil samples using a solid synthetic selective medium containing (i). glucose as carbon source, (ii). thymine as nitrogen source, (iii). vitamins, (iv). minerals, and (v). chloramphenicol as antibacterial agent. Using the Diazonium Blue B colour reaction, it was found that both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts were able to grow on this medium. Subsequently, the medium was used to enumerate yeasts in soil microcosms prepared from four different soil samples, which were experimentally treated with the fungicide copper oxychloride, resulting in copper (Cu) concentrations of up to 1000 ppm. The selective medium supplemented with 32 ppm of Cu was used to enumerate Cu-resistant yeasts in the microcosms. The results showed that the addition of Cu at concentrations >or=approximately 1000 ppm did not have a significant effect on total number of yeasts in the soil. Furthermore, it was found that Cu-resistant yeasts were present in all the soil samples, regardless of the amount of Cu that the soil was challenged with. At the end of the incubation period, yeasts in the microcosms with zero and approximately 1000 ppm of additional Cu were enumerated, isolated, and identified with sequence analyses of the D1/D2 600-650 bp region of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA. Hymenomycetous species dominated in the control soil, while higher numbers of the urediniomycetous species were found in the soil that received Cu. These observations suggest that urediniomycetous yeasts may play an important role in re-establishing overall microbial activity in soils, following perturbations, such as the addition of Cu-based fungicides.
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Cobre/farmacología , Ecosistema , Microbiología del Suelo , Levaduras/clasificación , Levaduras/crecimiento & desarrollo , Medios de Cultivo , Levaduras/genéticaRESUMEN
Line differences for open-field behavior in chickens have been observed, and it has been shown that this behavior has a genetic component. The aim of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in open-field behavior. For this purpose, open-field behavior was studied at 5 and 29 weeks of age in F(2) hens coming from an intercross between two commercial White Leghorn laying lines selected for egg production traits. Latencies, durations, and frequencies of general activity (sitting, standing, walking, and stepping), defecation, and vocalizations were recorded individually for each bird, and a factor score was calculated. All animals (F(0), F(1), and F(2)) were screened with 180 microsatellite markers. Regression interval mapping was applied using both a paternal half-sib analysis and a line-cross analysis method. For general activity at 5 weeks of age, a significant QTL was detected on GGA4 and a suggestive QTL on GGA2 under the line-cross model. For general activity at 29 weeks of age, a significant QTL was detected on GGA4 and two suggestive QTLs were detected on GGA1 and on GGA10, respectively, also using the line-cross analysis. The QTL on GGA4 at 5 weeks of age did not overlap with the QTL on GGA4 at 29 weeks of age. The current study indicated that open-field behavior in young chickens was regulated by QTL that differ from the QTL for open-field behavior in adult chickens.
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Pollos/genética , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , OviposiciónRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the regulation of the primary and the secondary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in a resource population using microsatellite DNA markers. The F2 resource population originates from a cross of two divergently selected lines for either high (H line) or low (L line) primary antibody response to SRBC. The F2 population consisted of six half-sib families, three families per each of reciprocal crosses. Total antibody titres to SRBC were determined by agglutination in serum from all birds. F2, F1 and F0 generations were genotyped for 170 microsatellite markers, using a whole-genome scan approach. The half-sib and the line-cross analyses were performed to determine QTL regions associated with regulation of the immune response. In the half-sib analysis, four QTL for SRBC primary response have been identified: on GGA3, GGA5, GGA16 and GGA23. No QTL was identified for SRBC secondary response under the half-sib model. In the line-cross analysis, three QTL were identified on GGA10, GGA16 and GGA27 for SRBC primary response and five QTL were identified on GGA6, GGA9, GGA15, GGA16 and GGA27 for SRBC secondary response. Subsequently, the family contribution of individual families to the QTL was analysed. The family with the largest contribution was genotyped with additional microsatellite markers in the QTL region on GGA5. The extended half-sib analysis with additional genotype information results in narrowing down the QTL region on GGA5.