Phase retrieval algorithm applied to high-energy ultrafast lasers.

A standardized phase retrieval algorithm is presented and applied to an industry-grade high-energy ultrashort pulsed laser to uncover its spatial phase distribution. We describe in detail how to modify the well-known algorithm in order to characterize particularly strong light sources from intensity measurements only. With complete information about the optical field of the unknown light source at hand, virtual back propagation can reveal weak points in the light path such as apertures or damaged components.

Measurement of stress-induced birefringence in a thin-disk laser with full-Stokes polarimetry.

Stress-induced birefringence leads to losses in solid-state laser resonators and amplifiers with polarized output beams. A model of stress-induced birefringence in thin disks is presented, as well as measurements of stress-induced birefringence in a thin disk in a multi-kilowatt oscillator. A full-Stokes imaging polarimeter was developed to enable fast and accurate polarimetric measurements. Experimental and simulated results are in good agreement qualitatively and quantitatively and show that the polarization loss due to stress-induced birefringence is negligible for ytterbium-doped thin disks with a thickness around 100 µm but becomes relevant in thicker disks. It is concluded that stress-induced birefringence should be taken into consideration when designing a thin-disk laser system.

SESAM mode-locked Yb:YAB thin-disk oscillator delivering an average power of 19 W.

We report on a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror mode-locked thin-disk oscillator based on Yb:YAB delivering pulses with a duration of 462 fs at an average output power of 19.2 W and a pulse energy of 0.38 µJ.

Radially polarized passively mode-locked thin-disk laser oscillator emitting sub-picosecond pulses with an average output power exceeding the 100 W level.

We report on a high-power passively mode-locked radially polarized Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator providing 125 W of average output power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power ever reported from a mode-locked radially polarized oscillator without subsequent amplification stages. Mode-locking was achieved by implementing a SESAM as the cavity end mirror and the radial polarization of the LG*01 mode was obtained by means of a circular Grating Waveguide Output Coupler. The repetition rate was 78 MHz. A pulse duration of 0.97 ps and a spectral bandwidth of 1.4 nm (FWHM) were measured at the maximum output power. This corresponds to a pulse energy of 1.6 µJ and a pulse peak power of 1.45 MW. A high degree of radial polarization of 97.3 ± 1% and an M2-value of 2.16 which is close to the theoretical value for the LG*01 doughnut mode were measured.

Trimming method for a high-yield manufacturing of high-efficiency diffraction gratings.

The tolerances in manufacturing of fully dielectric diffraction gratings based on the leaky-mode resonance in the -1st diffraction order can be challenging, especially if the grating design exhibits high diffraction efficiency (DE) only within a comparatively narrow spectral bandwidth. To gain improved control on the spectral bandwidth exhibiting high DE, we implemented a two-step etching approach within the fabrication process of the grating. First, a dry and anisotropic etching step was used for pre-shaping the grating, followed by iterative isotropic wet-etching steps using an alkaline solution (KOH) at a temperature of 90°C to adjust the maximum efficiency around the desired wavelength with high precision. This straightforward method gave us very good control on tailoring the DE as a function of the wavelength and led to the demonstration of DEs as high as 99.7±0.2% in the -1st diffraction order at a wavelength of 1030 nm and of >99% in the wavelength range between 1020 and 1070 nm. The gratings were used as cavity end mirrors of an Yb:YAG thin-disk laser, generating an output power of 145 W in fundamental mode operation (M2<1.1).

Passively mode-locked Yb:CaF2 thin-disk laser.

We report on the first demonstration of a passively (SESAM) mode-locked Yb:CaF(2) thin-disk laser operating at a repetition rate of 35 MHz with close to diffraction-limited beam quality (M(2) ≈ 1.1) at an average output power of up to 6.6 W. The optical efficiency was 15.3%. Nearly transform limited pulses with a duration of 445 fs and a spectral width of 2.6 nm at full width half maximum (FWHM) were obtained at the maximum output power. This corresponds to a pulse-energy of approximately 0.19 µJ and a peak-power of 0.4 MW.

Thermal behavior of resonant waveguide-grating mirrors in Yb:YAG thin-disk lasers.

We present the experimental investigations of different designs of resonant waveguide-grating (RWG) mirrors, used as intracavity folding mirrors in an Yb:YAG thin-disk laser (TDL). The investigation was focused on the rise of the surface temperature due to the coupling of the incident radiation to a waveguide mode as well as on laser efficiency, polarization, and wavelength selectivity. It was found that the damage threshold and efficiency can be increased significantly with a proper design of the structure in comparison to the simplest design with a single waveguide layer. So far, the presented RWG allow the generation of linear polarization with a narrow spectral linewidth down to 25 pm FWHM in a fundamental mode Yb:YAG TDL. Damage thresholds of 60 kW/cm(2) have been reached where only 63 K of surface temperature increase was observed. This showed that the improved mirrors are suitable for the generation of kW-class narrow linewidth, linearly polarized Yb:YAG TDL.