New findings on Nilothauma Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Brazil and Peru.

Two new species of Nilothauma from Brazil and Peru are described and illustrated based on adult males collected respectively in the central and western Amazon. In addition, new records of Nilothauma complicatum Mendes & Andersen, 2009 in Brazil are provided.

New species and record of Diplosmittia Sther, 1981 (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from Brazil and Colombia.

Chironomidae is a diverse Diptera family found worldwide. The genus Diplosmittia Sther, 1981, currently with 11 valid species, has been found exclusively in the New World, mainly in the Caribbean and in the northern parts of South America; only three species are recorded from Brazil and none from Colombia so far. In the present study a new species of Diplosmittia is described and illustrated based on material collected in northeastern Brazil. It appears to be most closely related to Diplosmittia beluina Andersen, 1996, but can be distinguished by morphological differences in the virga and gonostylus. Diplosmittia harrisoni Sther, 1981 is documented for the first time from Colombia, and D. carinata Sther, 1985 is formally placed as a junior synonym of D. harrisoni. In addition, an update identification key to all known species of the genus has been provide.

Poxyaibamberus Andersen & Dantas, gen. nov. (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from Brazil.

Poxyaibamberus Andersen & Dantas, gen. nov. is erected based on the males of two species, P.jamanximensis Andersen & Dantas, sp. nov. from Jamanxim National Park, Pará State, Brazil, and P.ubajarensis Andersen & Dantas, sp. nov. from Ubajara National Park, Ceará State, Brazil. Both species have a comparatively short and wide head, with large eyes and short, five-segmented palps; a strong subapical seta on the ultimate flagellomere; scalpellate acrostichals; no setae on the wing veins except for one seta on the brachiolum; a long costal extension; and a large triangular anal point and a very long heel on the gonostylus. The systematic position of the new genus is briefly discussed.

Two new species of Fittkauimyia Karunakaran (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Brazil.

Two new species of the genus Fittkauimyia from Brazil are described and illustrated. Fittkauimyia mayumiae sp. n. from Amazonian forest is described based on adult male, female and pupae and F. carranquensis sp. n. from mountainous region of southeast is described based on adult male and pupae.

A new species of Macropelopia Thienemann, 1916 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Southern Brazil.

We report a new species of Macropelopia discovered in southern Brazil, with detailed illustrations and descriptions of all life stages. In addition, we provide an identification key specific to males of neotropical Macropelopia species, together with an amendment to the generic diagnosis.

Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus.

This research is focused on the diversity and systematics of Neotropical non-biting midges of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874, based on specimens collected from pristine areas of the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil. Six new species are described: Tanytarsus aries sp. nov. (Peru), T. chicomendesi sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre), T. kaxinawa sp. nov. (Brazil, Acre; Peru), T. pinedoi sp. nov. (Peru), T. serra sp. nov. (Peru), and T. frameatus sp. nov. (Peru), the latter placed in the Tanytarsus hastatus species group, here defined. Data on several recently described Neotropical Tanytarsus, obtained by analyzing specimens recorded from different regions of Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Federal District, Pará, São Paulo, Tocantins) are appended, and remarks on the taxonomy and variations of their diagnostic structures are provided. Tanytarsus pollicis Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 is treated as a new synonym of Tanytarsus insolens Dantas et Gilka, 2017. Further two species, Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 and Tanytarsus rafaeli Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022 are placed in the Tanytarsus kiche group. The Tanytarsus curvicristatus group is also supplemented with Tanytarsus giovannii Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010.

A new species of Limnophyes Eaton, 1875 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Llanos Orientales, Colombia.

Limnophyes Eaton is a species-rich chironomid genus with more than 90 valid species distributed world-wide, of which nine species have been reported from the Neotropical region. In the present study, Limnophyes is recorded for the first time from Colombia based on Limnophyes llanero sp. n. from the Llanos ecoregion. The species can be distinguished from its congeners by having scattered lanceolate setae in the humeral and prescutellar area, epimeron II with six setae, posterior anepisternum II with one seta, and preepisternum without setae, and by having the apex of gonostylus expanded with a well-developed crista dorsalis.

Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia.

Our study pertains to the systematics and diversity of non-biting midges of the genus Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 from the Neotropical region and in particular, Colombia, a country scarcely studied for these dipterans to date. Adult male specimens collected from the Colombian Llanos and Andes biomes belong to five species described as new in the present paper: Tanytarsus colombiensis sp. nov. (placed in the caipira species group, here defined), T. germani sp. nov. and T. gnomon sp. nov. (both placed in the curvicristatus group, here defined), T. lulu sp. nov. (in the ligulatus group, here defined) and T. meta sp. nov. (the riopreto group). Also an illustrated brief redescription of the adult male of T. hastatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994 is provided. After reclassification of Caladomyia Swedal, 1981, the name accepted as a junior synonym of Tanytarsus, several species names became homonyms, thus they are here proposed to be replaced with substitute names, as follows: Tanytarsus reiffi nom. nov. pro Tanytarsus reissi (Reiff, 2000); Tanytarsus sanseverinoi nom. nov. pro Tanytarsus angelae Trivinho-Strixino et Shimabukuro, 2017; Tanytarsus trivinhostrixinoi nom. nov. pro Tanytarsus fittkaui Sanseverino et Trivinho-Strixino, 2010. Rheotanytarsus breda (Roback, 1960) comb. nov. is excluded from Tanytarsus. An annotated checklist of Neotropical Tanytarsus, with 89 species, is also presented.

Discovery of Kribiodorum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Neotropical region: a new species from Brazilian Amazon rainforest.

Kribiodorum is a small genus of non-biting midges, currently composed of only five nominal species, one Nearctic, two African and two Oriental. The objective of this study is to provide the first report of this genus to the Neotropical region and to describe a new species, based on male and female from southern Amazonas state, Brazil. Kribiodorum amazonicum sp. n. is easily distinguished from the congeneric species by the color pattern of the wings and legs and by the morphology of the genitalia.

A new madicolous species of Nilotanypus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Amazon region, northwestern Brazil.

A new species of Nilotanypus Kieffer is described and illustrated based on male, pupa and larva. Nilotanypus yanomami sp. n. was collected at madicolous system in a mountainous region of northern Amazonia. Additionally, the identification key for males is updated and a distribution map for the Neotropical species is provided.

An unusual new species of Pentaneura Philippi (Diptera: Chironomidae) from northeastern Brazil, with an emended diagnosis to the genus.

Pentaneura herbeti sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on male, female, pupa and larva collected in Northeastern region of Brazil. In addition, an amendment in the adult, pupal and larval diagnosis of Pentaneura is provided.

A new species of Rheotanytarsus Thienemann amp; Bause (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Peruvian Andes, with updated key to South American species.

Rheotanytarsus is a speciose genus, currently composed by more than 100 nominal species distributed worldwide, 19 are known from the Neotropical region, four from South America and only one is registered for Peru. In the present study, a new species is described and illustrated based on males collected in the Peruvian Andes. In addition, the key to the South American species is updated and a distribution map of them is provided. Rheotanytarsus amaru sp. n. is easily distinguished from the congeneric species by the dark general coloration and the hypopygial morphology.

Three new neotropical species of Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905 (Diptera: Chironomidae).

Three new species of Ablabesmyia are described from Brazil: A. akemiae sp. n. based on the male, female, pupa and larva; A. adamantis sp. n. based on the male, pupa and larva; and A. monticola sp. n. based on the adult male. Ablabesmyia akemiae sp. n. immatures were collected in a small river associated to aquatic vegetation, A. adamantis sp. n. larva was collected in a first order stream associated with accumulated fallen leaves, and adults of A. monticola sp. n. were collected with light-traps, in a mountainous region at about 1000 m altitude.

Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of Neotropical Aedokritus Roback and Axarus Roback (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae).

Aedokritus platycnemis Edwards, previously known from northeastern Argentina, is redescribed based on holotype and additional material from Brazil. Axarus cordiformis sp. n. is described and figured, based on a male adult collected in Brazilian Amazon. Aedokritus coffeatus Trivinho-Strixino, Aedokritus souzalopesi Oliveira Messias, Axarus globosus Donato, Mauad Andersen, Axarus intervales Andersen, Mendes Hagenlund and Axarus diabolicus Andersen, Mendes Hagenlund have their distribution extended.

Immature stages of Laurotanyus travassosi Oliveira, Messias Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae).

The monotypic genus Laurotanypus Oliveira, Messias Silva-Vasconcelos is placed as junior synonym of Procladius Skuse, based mainly on the morphology of immatures. The male of P. travassosi comb. nov. is redescribed and the immature stages are described and illustrated for the first time. In addition, an amendment to the adult male diagnosis of Procladius (Psilotanypus) is provided.

Not endemic after all: Imparipecten Freeman, 1961 (Diptera: Chironomidae) described from the Neotropical Region.

Imparipecten, a previously monotypic genus, was considered endemic to Australia. Here, we report Imparipecten from the Neotropical region for the first time and describe Imparipecten sychnacanthus sp. n. from Brazil. The association between larvae and adults was established by sequencing a fragment of one ribosomal gene (28S), two fragments of a nuclear protein-coding gene (CAD1 and CAD4), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI). We also show the close molecular proximity with Imparipecten pictipes through analyses of genetic distances and Bayesian phylogenetics.

Two new Neotropical species of Djalmabatista Fittkau (Diptera: Chironomidae).

Two new species of Djalmabatista from northern Brazil are described and illustrated, Djalmabatista patamona sp. nov. based on adult male and pupa and Djalmabatista wapixana sp. nov. based on adult male only.

Monopelopia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Neotropical region: five new species, new records and updated keys.

Five new species of Monopelopia from Brazil are described and illustrated, four of which are based on all life stages and one on adult male and pupa. The immature stages of Monopelopia edentata sp. nov. were collected in bromeliad phytotelmata, while the other species were collected associated with aquatic vegetation. New records for M. boliekae Beck & Beck and M. caraguata Mendes, Marcondes & Pinho are provided, as well as updated identification keys for males and immatures of the Nearctic and Neotropical Monopelopia species.

Denopelopia amicitia, a new Tanypodinae from Brazil (Diptera, Chironomidae).

A new species of Denopelopia from Brazil is described based on adult male and pupa. The male of the new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the genitalia and fore-tibial spur morphology. The pupa is very similar to those of Denopelopia atria, but it can be distinguished by the absence of distinct constrictions in the respiratory atrium of the thoracic horn. Generic diagnosis to male and pupa of Denopelopia is emended and keys to male and pupae of known species are provided.

Contribution to the knowledge of Stenochironomus Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Brazil: seven new species and description of females and immatures of some previously known species.

Twenty two species of Stenochironomus Kieffer are known from Brazil, 19 of which occur in the Amazon region. In order to increase knowledge of the taxonomy of this genus in the Amazon region, collections were carried out in streams located in Presidente Figueiredo, Manaus and Itacoatiara municipalities, Amazonas State. Leaves and wood mined by Stenochironomus larvae were collected and transported to the laboratory where they were kept until adult emergence. Seven new species were found, one of which is described in the immature stages and as adults of both sexes (S. amazonicus sp. n.), one as immatures and adult male (S. liviae sp. n.), four as male and pupa (S. bare sp. n., S. figueiredoensis sp. n., S. gracilis sp. nov. and S. manauara sp. n.) and one only as male (S. suzanae sp. n.). Additionally, the female, pupa and larva of S. impendens Borkent, pupa and larva of S. jubatus Borkent, female and pupa of S. zonarius Borkent and female of S. palliaculeatus Borkent were described.