RESUMEN
Research on pandemics in institutional settings often assumes that all human interactions within a jail pose similar viral transmission risks. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) called Simulation Applications for Forecasting Effective Responses in Corrections (SAFER-C™) to simulate nine scenarios of possible interactions and virus transmission among incarcerated individuals and jail staff and tested this assumption. We found that resumption of high-contact activities has a greater impact on the number of infections, while out-of-cell group sizes and initial vaccination rates had lower impact. This work emphasizes the importance of understanding and modeling human interactions in confinement facilities, as well as understanding, responding to, and limiting the mechanism of viral transmission in jails. Insights from ABMs provide correctional administrators with realistic options for managing responses.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Prisioneros , Humanos , Prisiones , Cárceles Locales , Análisis de SistemasRESUMEN
La presente investigación evalúa el acuerdo intercalificadores del Test Gestáltico Visomotor de Bender, segunda versión (Bender - II). Esta nueva versión ha mostrado propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias en la muestra de estandarización y en posteriores estudios anglosajones, pero no hay referencias sobre sus propiedades en población hispanos. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 173 niños preescolares entre cuatro y cinco años de edad; los calificadores fueron estudiantes de psicología. Para evaluar la consistencia y el acuerdo entre los calificadores, se aplicaron coeficientes de correlación Pearson, así como correlaciones intraclase (modelo 2). Se calcularon estos coeficientes para la muestra total y para el grupo superior e inferior de rendimiento visomotor, aplicando un ajuste por restricción del rango. Los resultados indican elevadas confiabilidades y acuerdo entre calificadores en la muestra total; pero en los grupos inferior y superior de rendimiento, estos fueron variables y algunos bajos, interaccionando con la edad. Estos resultados ocurrieron para los puntajes de "copia" y de "recuerdo". Se discute el efecto de la variabilidad entre calificadores, especialmente su impacto en las decisiones clínicas sobre desempeños bajos y altos.
The present research evaluates the agreement inter-scorers for the Bender Gestalt Test Bender, 2nd version (Bender - II). This new version has shown satisfactory psychometric properties in the sample for standardization, and in further studies English samples, but no references in Hispanic population. The participants in this study were 173 preschool children between 4 and 5 years of age; the scorers were students of psychology. To evaluate the internal consistency and agreement inter-raters, we applied Pearson correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations (model 2). These coefficients were calculated for the total sample and for the upper and lower group sample in visual-motor performance, but with adjustment by the restriction of range. The results for the Copy and Remember scores indicate high internal consistency and agreement between raters in the total sample, but low and variable in the lower and upper groups, interacting with age. We discuss the effect of inter-rater variability, especially its impact on clinical decisions about low and high performance.