NK-cell-elicited gasdermin-D-dependent hepatocyte pyroptosis induces neutrophil extracellular traps that facilitate HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: HBV infection is a major etiology of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). At present, the pattern and regulation of hepatocyte death during HBV-ACLF progression are still undefined. Evaluating the mode of cell death and its inducers will provide new insights for developing therapeutic strategies targeting cell death. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether and how immune landscapes trigger hepatocyte death and lead to the progression of HBV-related ACLF. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We identified that pyroptosis represented the main cell death pattern in the liver of patients with HBV-related ACLF. Deficiency of MHC-I in HBV-reactivated hepatocytes activated cytotoxic NK cells, which in turn operated in a perforin/granzyme-dependent manner to trigger GSDMD/caspase-8-dependent pyroptosis of hepatocytes. Neutrophils selectively accumulated in the pyroptotic liver, and HMGB1 derived from the pyroptotic liver constituted an important factor triggering the generation of pathogenic extracellular traps in neutrophils (NETs). Clinically, elevated plasma levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes were a promising prognostic biomarker for HBV-related ACLF. More importantly, targeting GSDMD pyroptosis-HMGB1 release in the liver abrogates NETs that intercept the development of HBV-related ACLF. CONCLUSIONS: Studying the mechanisms that selectively modulate GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis, as well as its immune landscapes, will provide a novel strategy for restoring the liver function of patients with HBV-related ACLF.

Neural dysfunction underlying working memory processing at different stages of the illness course in schizophrenia: a comparative meta-analysis.

Schizophrenia, as a chronic and persistent disorder, exhibits working memory deficits across various stages of the disorder, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain elusive with inconsistent neuroimaging findings. We aimed to compare the brain functional changes of working memory in patients at different stages: clinical high risk, first-episode psychosis, and long-term schizophrenia, using meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Following a systematic literature search, 56 whole-brain task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (15 for clinical high risk, 16 for first-episode psychosis, and 25 for long-term schizophrenia) were included. The separate and pooled neurofunctional mechanisms among clinical high risk, first-episode psychosis, and long-term schizophrenia were generated by Seed-based d Mapping toolbox. The clinical high risk and first-episode psychosis groups exhibited overlapping hypoactivation in the right inferior parietal lobule, right middle frontal gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule, indicating key lesion sites in the early phase of schizophrenia. Individuals with first-episode psychosis showed lower activation in left inferior parietal lobule than those with long-term schizophrenia, reflecting a possible recovery process or more neural inefficiency. We concluded that SCZ represent as a continuum in the early stage of illness progression, while the neural bases are inversely changed with the development of illness course to long-term course.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family in rye (Secale cereale L.): genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolutionary expansion and expression analyses.

BACKGROUND: Rye (Secale cereale), one of the drought and cold-tolerant crops, is an important component of the Triticae Dumortier family of Gramineae plants. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), an important family of transcription factors, has played pivotal roles in regulating numerous intriguing biological processes in plant development and abiotic stress responses. However, no systemic analysis of the bHLH transcription factor family has yet been reported in rye. RESULTS: In this study, 220 bHLH genes in S. cereale (ScbHLHs) were identified and named based on the chromosomal location. The evolutionary relationships, classifications, gene structures, motif compositions, chromosome localization, and gene replication events in these ScbHLH genes are systematically analyzed. These 220 ScbHLH members are divided into 21 subfamilies and one unclassified gene. Throughout evolution, the subfamilies 5, 9, and 18 may have experienced stronger expansion. The segmental duplications may have contributed significantly to the expansion of the bHLH family. To systematically analyze the evolutionary relationships of the bHLH family in different plants, we constructed six comparative genomic maps of homologous genes between rye and different representative monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Finally, the gene expression response characteristics of 22 ScbHLH genes in various biological processes and stress responses were analyzed. Some candidate genes, such as ScbHLH11, ScbHLH48, and ScbHLH172, related to tissue developments and environmental stresses were screened. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that these ScbHLH genes exhibit characteristic expression in different tissues, grain development stages, and stress treatments. These findings provided a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the bHLH family in rye.

Overexpression of PavHIPP16 from Prunus avium enhances cold stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco.

BACKGROUND: The heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP) is an important regulatory element in response to abiotic stresses, especially playing a key role in low-temperature response. RESULTS: This study investigated the potential function of PavHIPP16 up-regulated in sweet cherry under cold stress by heterologous overexpression in tobacco. The results showed that the overexpression (OE) lines' growth state was better than wild type (WT), and the germination rate, root length, and fresh weight of OE lines were significantly higher than those of WT. In addition, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the OE of tobacco under low-temperature treatment were substantially lower than those of WT. In contrast, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher than those of WT. Yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H) and luciferase complementation assay verified the interactions between PavbHLH106 and PavHIPP16, suggesting that these two proteins co-regulated the cold tolerance mechanism in plants. The research results indicated that the transgenic lines could perform better under low-temperature stress by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content of the transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides genetic resources for analyzing the biological functions of PavHIPPs, which is important for elucidating the mechanisms of cold resistance in sweet cherry.

Interferon-γ+ Th1 activates intrahepatic resident memory T cells to promote HBsAg loss by inducing M1 macrophage polarization.

The immune mechanism underlying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, particularly type I inflammatory response, during pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) therapy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate such immune mechanisms. Overall, 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 41 with HBsAg loss (cured group) and 41 uncured patients, received nucleos(t)ide analogue and PEG-IFN treatments. Blood samples from all patients, liver tissues from 14 patients with CHB, and hepatic perfusate from 8 liver donors were collected for immune analysis. Jurkat, THP-1 and HepG2.2.15 cell lines were used in cell experiments. The proportion of IFN-γ+ Th1 cells was higher in the cured group than in the uncured group, which was linearly correlated with HBsAg decline and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels during treatment. However, CD8+ T cells were weakly associated with HBsAg loss. Serum and intrahepatic levels of Th1 cell-associated chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand [CXCL] 9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN-γ) were significantly lower in the cured patients than in patients with a higher HBsAg quantification during therapy. Serum from cured patients induced more M1 (CD68+CD86+ macrophage) cells than that from uncured patients. Patients with chronic HBV infection had significantly lower proportions of CD86+ M1 and CD206+ M2 macrophages in their livers than healthy controls. M1 polarization of intrahepatic Kupffer cells promoted HBsAg loss by upregulating the effector function of tissue-resident memory T cells with increased ALT levels. IFN-γ+ Th1 activates intrahepatic resident memory T cells to promote HBsAg loss by inducing M1 macrophage polarization.

A new hip fracture risk index derived from FEA-computed proximal femur fracture loads and energies-to-failure.

Hip fracture risk assessment is an important but challenging task. Quantitative CT-based patient-specific finite element (FE) analysis (FEA) incorporates bone geometry and bone density in the proximal femur. We developed a global FEA-computed fracture risk index to increase the prediction accuracy of hip fracture incidence. PURPOSE: Quantitative CT-based patient-specific finite element (FE) analysis (FEA) incorporates bone geometry and bone density in the proximal femur to compute the force (fracture load) and energy necessary to break the proximal femur in a particular loading condition. The fracture loads and energies-to-failure are individually associated with incident hip fracture, and provide different structural information about the proximal femur. METHODS: We used principal component analysis (PCA) to develop a global FEA-computed fracture risk index that incorporates the FEA-computed yield and ultimate failure loads and energies-to-failure in four loading conditions of 110 hip fracture subjects and 235 age- and sex-matched control subjects from the AGES-Reykjavik study. Using a logistic regression model, we compared the prediction performance for hip fracture based on the stratified resampling. RESULTS: We referred the first principal component (PC1) of the FE parameters as the global FEA-computed fracture risk index, which was the significant predictor of hip fracture (p-value < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using PC1 (0.776) was higher than that using all FE parameters combined (0.737) in the males (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The global FEA-computed fracture risk index increased hip fracture risk prediction accuracy in males.

Regioselective 1,4-/1,3-Difunctionalization of 1,3-Enynes with Selenosulfonates in Water.

1,4-/1,3-Regioselective bifunctionalization of 1,3-enynes with selenosulfonates in water under catalyst-free conditions for the construction of sulfonyl allene and 1,3-disulfonyl-conjugated dienes respectively have been developed. The reactions feature mild reaction conditions in aqueous solution and remarkable regioselectivity controlled by substrates.

Chinese cherry CpMYB44-CpSPDS2 module regulates spermidine content and florescence in tobacco.

The flower bud differentiation plays a crucial role in cherry yield and quality. In a preliminary study, we revealed the promotion of spermidine (Spd) in bud differentiation and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Spd regulating cherry bud differentiation remains unclear. To address this research gap, we cloned CpSPDS2, a gene that encodes Spd synthase and is highly expressed in whole flowers and pistils of the Chinese cherry (cv. 'Manaohong'). Furthermore, an overexpression vector with this gene was constructed to transform tobacco plants. The findings demonstrated that transgenic lines exhibited higher Spd content, an earlier flowering time by 6 d, and more lateral buds and flowers than wild-type lines. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid assays and two-luciferase experiments confirmed that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (CpMYB44) directly binds to and activates the CpSPDS2 promoter transcription. It is indicated that CpMYB44 promotes Spd accumulation via regulating CpSPDS2 expression, thus accelerating the flower growth. This research provides a basis for resolving the molecular mechanism of CpSPDS2 involved in cherry bud differentiation.

Pan-cancer analysis of TMEM45A and exploration of its prognostic value and mechanism in gastric cancer.

Cancer is a major category of diseases that need to be addressed urgently, bringing a huge burden to the world. Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent malignant tumor of the digestive system with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all tumors. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of TMEM45A in pan-cancer and gastric cancer. First, GEO and TCGA database were employed to analyze the expression of TMEM45A in GC patients. Then, we determined the association between TMEM45A expression and survival of GC patients using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and TCGA database and verified the accuracy of TMEM45A in predicting prognosis. Next, we analyzed the effect of CTHRC expression on TIICs in GC tissues. A prognostic model was constructed using immunomodulatory genes associated with TMEM45A. The specificity and accuracy of the model were verified. TMEM45A expression was markedly higher in GC tissue than in normal tissue. GC patients with TMEM45A overexpression had a poor prognosis. The AUC value of 5-year survival on the ROC curve was 0.705, indicating that TMEM45A is a reliable prognostic factor and can be used as a clinicopathological indicator alone to predict patient prognosis. Three high-risk immunomodulatory genes (CXCR4 and TGFB1) and one low-risk immunomodulatory gene (PDCD1) were obtained using both univariate and multivariate COX methods. These three immunomodulatory molecules were used to construct prognostic models. GC patients with TMEM45A overexpression have a poor prognosis and are associated with immune cell infiltration. Hence, TMEM45A is a fairly reliable independent prognostic marker.

Organ-on-a-chip: future of female reproductive pathophysiological models.

The female reproductive system comprises the internal and external genitalia, which communicate through intricate endocrine pathways. Besides secreting hormones that maintain the female secondary sexual characteristics, it also produces follicles and offspring. However, the in vitro systems have been very limited in recapitulating the specific anatomy and pathophysiology of women. Organ-on-a-chip technology, based on microfluidics, can better simulate the cellular microenvironment in vivo, opening a new field for the basic and clinical research of female reproductive system diseases. This technology can not only reconstruct the organ structure but also emulate the organ function as much as possible. The precisely controlled fluidic microenvironment provided by microfluidics vividly mimics the complex endocrine hormone crosstalk among various organs of the female reproductive system, making it a powerful preclinical tool and the future of pathophysiological models of the female reproductive system. Here, we review the research on the application of organ-on-a-chip platforms in the female reproductive systems, focusing on the latest progress in developing models that reproduce the physiological functions or disease features of female reproductive organs and tissues, and highlighting the challenges and future directions in this field.

Identification of the serum metabolites associated with cow milk consumption in Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women.

Cow milk consumption (CMC) and downstream alterations of serum metabolites are commonly considered important factors regulating human health status. Foods may lead to metabolic changes directly or indirectly through remodelling gut microbiota (GM). We sought to identify the metabolic alterations in Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women with habitual CMC and explore if the GM mediates the CMC-metabolite associations. 346 Chinese Peri-/Postmenopausal women participants were recruited in this study. Fixed effects regression and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to reveal alterations of serum metabolic features in different CMC groups. Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to detect metabolome-metagenome association. 36 CMC-associated metabolites including palmitic acid (FA(16:0)), 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesterin-3-one (7alphaC4), citrulline were identified by both fixed effects regression (FDR < 0.05) and PLS-DA (VIP score > 2). Some significant metabolite-GM associations were observed, including FA(16:0) with gut species Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides sp.D2. These findings would further prompt our understanding of the effect of cow milk on human health.

Analysis of dissolved oxygen influencing factors and concentration prediction using input variable selection technique: A hybrid machine learning approach.

Accurate quantification of dissolved oxygen (DO) is critically important for the protection and management of aquatic ecosystems. Successful applications have utilized mechanistic and data-driven models to simulate DO content in aquatic ecosystems. However, mechanistic models present challenges due to their complex and difficult-to-solve conditions, making them less portable. Additionally, data-driven model predictions are hindered by the challenge of numerous input variables, impacting both the running speed and prediction performance of the model. To address these challenges, water quality data and meteorological data of the Tanjiang River were obtained. The maximum information coefficient (MIC) input variable selection technique was employed to identify primary environmental factors influencing DO changes. Furthermore, coupled with support vector regression (SVR), two models (SVR and MIC-SVR) were employed to estimate the DO concentration of the Tanjiang River, and the optimal model was established. The results indicated a shift in the primary pollution factor from ammonia nitrogen to total phosphorus after recent treatment in the Tanjiang River. In comparison with the SVR model, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the MIC-SVR model was reduced by 4.46%, and the Nash-efficiency coefficient (NSE) was improved by 45.85%. In addition, study of kernel function selection revealed that considering as many kernel functions as possible is necessary for improving the performance of the SVR model. Conclusively, the proposed MIC-SVR model serves as an effective tool to analyze the relationship between DO and environmental factors, identifying the primary causes of low DO, and accurately predict the DO concentration in the Tanjiang River (especially in its middle and lower reaches), thus providing a reference for governmental decision-making on water environmental protection and water resource management.

In-situ supplementary irrigation device for afforestation under extreme high temperature: An exploration in North China.

Afforestation plays a crucial role in environmental management for many countries. Yet, frequently extreme high temperature (EHT) events in arid and semi-arid regions easily cause the death of artificially planted saplings. To address this, we present a new in-situ supplementary irrigation device (SID) consisting of a rainwater catching board, a storage tank, and ceramic emitters. A continuous EHT experiment combined with the HYDRUS-2D model in North China is further conducted to investigate the soil water-heat properties of the in-situ SID and the growth performance of the planted saplings (Platycladus orientalis) under EHT. The results show that in-situ SID keeps a stable and suitable soil water-heat status in the root layer of the planted saplings under EHT. Especially, the in-situ SID with one ceramic emitter maintains the soil water moisture in a narrow and suitable range from 0.149 cm3 cm-3 to 0.153 cm3 cm-3, and reduces the maximum soil temperature by 2.7 °C compared to the traditional irrigation method. Furthermore, the in-situ SID with one ceramic emitter presents the highest average leaf water content (66.9%), new shoot (35.0 mm), and tree height (62.0 mm). The economic benefit analysis finds that the in-situ SID provides a shorter time to recover high funds and saves a large amount of irrigation water resources. Overall, this study provides an effective irrigation device for forest managers to improve the ecological service effectiveness of afforestation in areas with frequent EHT events and scarce water resources.

Novel modified semi-carbonized fiber prepared using discarded clothes for derisking Cu(II) and Pb(II) contaminated water.

We report a novel modified semi-carbonized fiber (CF) prepared using cotton and acrylic clothes for derisking contaminated water to realize the resource utilization of discarded clothes in wastewater treatment. In this study, amphoteric and auxiliary modifiers were used to modify CFs for preparing amphoteric and amphoteric-auxiliary CFs. The basic physicochemical properties of different modified CFs were determined, and the microscopic morphology of modified CFs was detected. The isothermal adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) and Pb(II) on different modified CFs were investigated by the batch method, and the effect mechanisms of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and material dose were compared. Physicochemical properties and microscopic morphology results proved that amphoteric and auxiliary modifiers were modified on the CF surface and changed the surface properties of CF. The adsorption capacities of Cu(II) and Pb(II) on modified CFs increased with the increase in equilibrium concentration of Cu(II) and Pb(II), and the isotherm was more suitable for Freundlich model fitting than that of the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of Cu(II) and Pb(II) on different modified CFs were 60.72-81.26 mg/g and 102.58-161.72 mg/g, respectively, and presented the trend of amphoteric-auxiliary CFs > amphoteric CFs > CFs. Increasing pH and temperature and decreasing ionic strength and material dose were beneficial to Cu(II) and Pb(II) adsorption. The Cu(II) and Pb(II) adsorption process was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-increasing reaction, and the adsorption rate was controlled by chemisorption. The adsorption amount of amphoteric-auxiliary CFs maintained about 65% of original materials after 3 times of regeneration. Electrostatic attraction, precipitation, complexation, and ion exchange were the main adsorption mechanisms. The cation exchange capacity and total pore volume of modified CFs were key to determining qm of Cu(II) and Pb(II).

[Evidence mapping of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in diabetic retinopathy].

This study aims to assess the quality of evidence for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with traditional Chinese medicine based on the systematic reviews/Meta-analyses of relevant studies. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, and Cochrane Library were searched for the systematic reviews/Meta-analyses of traditional Chinese medicine interventions in diabetic retinopathy published from the inception to November 2023. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR2) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. An evidence map was built to present the information on intervention measures, the number of studies included in the systematic reviews/Meta-analyses, research conclusions, and methodological quality assessment results. A total of 51 studies were included. Traditional Chinese medicine interventions accounted for a large proportion of the intervention measures, followed by Chinese patent medicines. The treatment methods mainly included tonifying deficiency, activating blood, and resolving stasis. According to the AMSTAR2 scale assessment results, the descriptions of funding information for included studies, lists of excluded articles, and preliminary research protocols were particularly lacking. The evidence map showed that 48, 2, and 1 studies concluded with beneficial effects, possible beneficial effects, and unclear effects, respectively. On the whole, traditional Chinese medicine demonstrated definite efficacy in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, while the evidence pre-sents moderate to low quality. It is suggested that higher-quality studies remain to be carried out to provide more evidence.

Micro-transfer printing InP C-band SOAs on advanced silicon photonics platform for lossless MZI switch fabrics and high-speed integrated transmitters.

We present an approach for the heterogeneous integration of InP semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and lasers on an advanced silicon photonics (SiPh) platform by using micro-transfer-printing (µTP). After the introduction of the µTP concept, the focus of this paper shifts to the demonstration of two C-band III-V/Si photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that are important in data-communication networks: an optical switch and a high-speed optical transmitter. First, a C-band lossless and high-speed Si Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch is demonstrated by co-integrating a set of InP SOAs with the Si MZI switch. The micro-transfer-printed SOAs provide 10 dB small-signal gain around 1560 nm with a 3 dB bandwidth of 30 nm. Secondly, an integrated transmitter combining an on-chip widely tunable laser and a doped-Si Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is demonstrated. The laser has a continuous tuning range over 40 nm and the transmitter is capable of 40 Gbps non-return-to-zero (NRZ) back-to-back transmission at wavelengths ranging from 1539 to 1573 nm. These demonstrations pave the way for the realization of complex and fully integrated photonic systems-on-chip with integrated III-V-on-Si components, and this technique is transferable to other material films and devices that can be released from their native substrate.

Functional analysis of sweet cherry PavbHLH106 in the regulation of cold stress.

KEY MESSAGE: Sweet cherry PavbHLH106 was up-regulated under cold induction and overexpressed to enhance the cold resistance in tobacco by mediating the scavenging of ROS through increasing of antioxidant enzyme activity. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an economically important fruit. Chilling requirements are critical during dormancy, but abnormally low temperatures unfavorably affect fruit growth and development. Differences were found in the transcript level of PavbHLH106 under salt, dehydration, and low-temperature treatments, especially in response to cold stress, suggesting that this gene is involved in the regulation of different abiotic stresses. PavbHLH106 is homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana AtbHLH106 with a conserved bHLH domain, and transient expression in tobacco suggests that the protein is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activity in yeast. The PavbHLH106 overexpression in tobacco resulted in weaker electrolyte leakages, lower malondialdehyde, and higher proline content than the wild type at low-temperature treatment. Reactive oxygen species accumulation was significantly reduced in the overexpressed lines, negatively correlated with the antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, overexpression of PavbHLH106 delayed the germination of tobacco seeds and promoted plant growth. Resistance-related genes were expressed more in the overexpressed plants compared to the wild type. PavbHLH106 bound to the PavACO promoter in yeast and potentially interacted with a bHLH162-like transcription factor. These results indicate that PavbHLH106 has various functions and is particularly active in controlling low-temperature stress.

[Evidence mapping analysis of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in pulmonary fibrosis].

This study utilized evidence mapping methodology to systematically identify, describe, and evaluate the evidence from relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) interventions in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, and Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to March 2023 for systematic reviews/Meta-analysis/network Meta-analysis on TCM interventions in pulmonary fibrosis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 scale, and the evidence mapping approach was employed to present comprehensive information on populations, intervention methods, the sample size in systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and conclusion classifications. Ultimately, 44 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis/network Meta-analysis were included. Apart from syndrome differentiation and treatment, TCM injections accounted for a significant proportion of the observed interventions. The treatment methods were mainly focused on nourishing Qi and Yin, promoting blood circulation, resolving stasis, and dredging collaterals. The results from the included studies demonstrated that TCM treatment for pulmonary fibrosis could improve efficacy, increase lung function, improve PaO_(2 )levels, increase the 6-minute walk distance(6MWD), alleviate clinical symptoms, and enhance patients' quality of life. Based on the assessment using the AMSTAR 2 scale, methodological issues were identified, including the lack of protocol registration, failure to provide a list of excluded literature, and incomplete explanations regarding the impact of heterogeneity and bias on the results. The evidence mapping revealed that 42 conclusions were beneficial, while two conclusions were potentially beneficial. Overall, the quality of evidence was relatively low, primarily due to methodological imprecision and publication bias. Although TCM showed certain efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, the quality of reported literature, methodological quality, and overall evidence quality need improvement. It is recommended to conduct high-quality and standardized studies in the future to provide better evidence-based guidance.

Clinical observation of the treatment of refractory cancer pain with cancer pain information platform and IDDS under home analgesia mode: A retrospective study.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a cancer pain information platform combined with semi-implantable intrathecal drug delivery systems among the patients with refractory cancer pain under a "home analgesia" model. This was a retrospective study. A total of 49 patients underwent semi-implantable intrathecal drug delivery systems with patient-controlled analgesia in conjunction with the establishment of a cancer pain information platform. Numeric rating scales (NRS), Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS), high-quality sleep duration, and opioid-related adverse effects were recorded at various time points and analyzed: the day on admission (T0), the day of discharge (T1), 30 days post-discharge (T2), 60 days post-discharge (T3), 90 days post-discharge (T4), 120 days post-discharge (T5), 150 days post-discharge (T6), 180 days post-discharge (T7), and the day before death (T8). Compared with T0, NRS significantly decreased and BCS significantly increased at T1 to T8 time points (P < .05). However, NRS and BCS did not show differences at T1 to T8 time points (P > .05). The duration of high-quality sleep was significantly extended, and the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects was significantly reduced. Postoperative complications included 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 3 cases of infection at the butterfly needle insertion site, 6 cases of hospital readmission for equipment malfunction, and no cases of respiratory depression. Eleven patients continued standardized antitreatment after IDDS surgery. The mean survival time for all patients was 135.51 ±â€…102.69 days, and the survival rate at T7 was 30.61%. The cancer pain information platform combined with semi-implantable IDDS is beneficial for the pain management of refractory cancer patients under the "home analgesia" model, improving their quality of life.

Transcriptome and single-cell transcriptomics reveal prognostic value and potential mechanism of anoikis in skin cutaneous melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly lethal cancer, ranking among the top four deadliest cancers. This underscores the urgent need for novel biomarkers for SKCM diagnosis and prognosis. Anoikis plays a vital role in cancer growth and metastasis, and this study aims to investigate its prognostic value and mechanism of action in SKCM. METHODS: Utilizing consensus clustering, the SKCM samples were categorized into two distinct clusters A and B based on anoikis-related genes (ANRGs), with the B group exhibiting lower disease-specific survival (DSS). Gene set enrichment between distinct clusters was examined using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. RESULTS: We created a predictive model based on three anoikis-related differently expressed genes (DEGs), specifically, FASLG, IGF1, and PIK3R2. Moreover, the mechanism of these prognostic genes within the model was investigated at the cellular level using the single-cell sequencing dataset GSE115978. This analysis revealed that the FASLG gene was highly expressed on cluster 1 of Exhausted CD8( +) T (Tex) cells. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we have established a novel classification system for SKCM based on anoikis, which carries substantial clinical implications for SKCM patients. Notably, the elevated expression of the FASLG gene on cluster 1 of Tex cells could significantly impact SKCM prognosis through anoikis, thus offering a promising target for the development of immunotherapy for SKCM.