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1.
Blood ; 143(25): 2654-2665, 2024 Jun 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38493482

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: In the setting of a learning collaborative, we conducted an international multicenter phase 2 clinical trial testing the hypothesis that nonmyeloablative-related haploidentical bone marrow transplant (BMT) with thiotepa and posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) will result in 2-year event-free survival (no graft failure or death) of at least 80%. A total of 70 participants were evaluable based on the conditioning protocol. Graft failure occurred in 8 of 70 (11.4%) and only in participants aged <18 years; all had autologous reconstitution. After a median follow-up of 2.4 years, the 2-year Kaplan-Meier-based probability of event-free survival was 82.6%. The 2-year overall survival was 94.1%, with no difference between children and adult participants. After excluding participants with graft failure (n = 8), participants with engraftment had median whole blood donor chimerism values at days +180 and +365 after transplant of 100% (n = 58), respectively, and 96.6% (57/59) were off immunosuppression 1 year after transplant. The 1-year grade 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) rate was 10%, and the 2-year moderate-severe chronic GVHD rate was 10%. Five participants (7.1%) died from infectious complications. We demonstrate that nonmyeloablative haploidentical BMT with thiotepa and PTCy is a readily available curative therapy for most adults, even those with organ damage, compared to the more expensive myeloablative gene therapy and gene editing. Additional strategies are required for children to decrease graft failure rates. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01850108.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante Haploidéntico , Humanos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia de Células Falciformes/terapia , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Trasplante Haploidéntico/métodos , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tiotepa/administración & dosificación , Tiotepa/uso terapéutico
2.
Blood ; 141(1): 60-71, 2023 01 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36167031

RESUMEN

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is curative for severe inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), with recent data suggesting alloSCT in adulthood is safe and effective in selected patients. However, questions remain regarding the indications for and optimal timing of transplant. We retrospectively compared outcomes of transplanted vs matched nontransplanted adults with severe IEIs. Seventy-nine patients (aged ≥ 15 years) underwent alloSCT between 2008 and 2018 for IEIs such as chronic granulomatous disease (n = 20) and various combined immune deficiencies (n = 59). A cohort of nontransplanted patients from the French Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires registry was identified blindly for case-control analysis, with ≤3 matched controls per index patient, without replacement. The nontransplanted patients were matched for birth decade, age at last review greater than index patient age at alloSCT, chronic granulomatous disease or combined immune deficiencies, and autoimmune/lymphoproliferative complications. A total of 281 patients were included (79 transplanted, 202 nontransplanted). Median age at transplant was 21 years. Transplant indications were mainly lymphoproliferative disease (n = 23) or colitis (n = 15). Median follow-up was 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.5-7.2). One-year transplant-related mortality rate was 13%. Estimated disease-free survival at 5 years was higher in transplanted patients (58% vs 33%; P = .007). Nontransplanted patients had an ongoing risk of severe events, with an increased mean cumulative number of recurrent events compared with transplanted patients. Sensitivity analyses removing patients with common variable immune deficiency and their matched transplanted patients confirm these results. AlloSCT prevents progressive morbidity associated with IEIs in adults, which may outweigh the negative impact of transplant-related mortality.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Enfermedad Granulomatosa Crónica , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedad Granulomatosa Crónica/terapia , Tratamiento Conservador , Trasplante Homólogo/métodos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología
3.
J Assist Reprod Genet ; 41(4): 1027-1034, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38358434

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To describe the experience of performing ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), among girls/women with severe sickle cell disease (SCD)(SS or S/ß0-thalassemia) who are, besides the usual surgical risk, at risk of SCD-related complications during the fertility preservation procedure for improving their counseling and management. METHODS: This retrospective study included 75 patients (girls/women) with SCD who have had OTC before myeloablative conditioning regimen (MAC) for HSCT. Characteristics of patients and data on OTC, ovarian status follow-up, and results of ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) were collected in medical records. RESULTS: At OTC, the median (IQR 25-75; range) age of the patients was 9.6 (6.9-14.1; 3.6-28.3) years, 56/75 were prepubertal, and no SCD or surgery-related complications occurred. The median follow-up post-HSCT was > 9 years. At the last follow-up, among prepubertal patients at HSCT, 26/56 were ≥ 15 years old and presented with a premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), except 2, including the patient who had received an OTT to induce puberty. Eight were 13-15 years old and presented for POI. The remaining 22 patients were under 13. Among the 19 patients who were menarche at HSCT, 2 died 6 months post-HSCT and we do not have ovarian function follow-up for the other 2 patients. All the remaining patients (n = 15) had POI. Five patients had OTT. All had a return of ovarian function. One patient gave birth to a healthy baby. CONCLUSION: OTC is a safe fertility preservation technique and could be offered before MAC independent of the patient's age.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes , Criopreservación , Preservación de la Fertilidad , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Ovario , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria , Humanos , Femenino , Preservación de la Fertilidad/métodos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Criopreservación/métodos , Anemia de Células Falciformes/terapia , Ovario/trasplante , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Adulto Joven , Preescolar , Estudios Retrospectivos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/efectos adversos , Embarazo
4.
Haematologica ; 108(9): 2369-2379, 2023 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36951151

RESUMEN

Debates on the role and timing of allogeneic hemtopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) have persisted for decades. Time to transplant introduces an immortal time and current treatment algorithm mainly relies on the European LeukemiaNet disease risk classification. Previous studies are also limited to age groups, remission status and other ill-defined parameters. We studied all patients at diagnosis irrespective of age and comorbidities to estimate the cumulative incidence and potential benefit or disadvantage of HSCT in a single center. As a time-dependent covariate, HSCT improved overall survival in intermediate- and poor-risk patients (hazard ratio =0.51; P=0.004). In goodrisk patients only eight were transplanted in first complete remission. Overall, the 4-year cumulative incidence of HSCT was only 21.9% but was higher (52.1%) for patients in the first age quartile (16-57 years old) and 26.4% in older patients (57-70 years old) (P<0.001). It was negligible in patients older than 70 years reflecting our own transplant policy but also barriers to transplantation (comorbidities and remission status). However, HSCT patients need to survive, be considered eligible both by the referring and the HSCT physicians and have a suitable donor to get transplantation. We, thus, comprehensively analyzed the complete decision-making and outcome of all our AML patients from diagnosis to last followup to decipher how patient allocation and therapy inform the value of HSCT. The role of HSCT in AML is shifting with broad access to different donors including haploidentical ones. Thus, it may (or may not) lead to increased numbers of allogeneic HSCT in AML in adults.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Adulto , Humanos , Anciano , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante Homólogo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Inducción de Remisión , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos
5.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 25(5): e14118, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37594199

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is associated with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in immunocompromised patients; however, the spectrum of manifestations associated with B19V in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients (alloHSCT) has rarely been reported. METHODS: In this study, we aimed to report clinical and immune features of B19V infection after alloHSCT. We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical and microbiological data of all transplanted patients with B19V DNAmia or tissue infection detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in our center from 2010 to 2021. RESULTS: We report 35 cases of B19V infections in 33 patients. Median time from transplant to B19V first PCR positivity was 6.9 months (interquartile range (IQR) [1.6-18.9]). No preferential immune profile, type of transplantation or conditioning was identified. Hematological impairment was the most frequent sign, followed by rash and fever. Unconventional clinical forms were also detected, such as acute myelitis and myositis. For some cases, the direct relationship between symptoms and B19V infection was difficult to prove but was suggested by targeted tissue PCR positivity. When hematological impairment was not at the forefront, reticulocytopenia helped to diagnose B19V infections. Treatment was mainly based on high dose intravenous immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION: Although hematological impairment was the most frequent sign, B19V can affect multiple targets and lead to atypical manifestations. Because of its heterogeneous clinical presentation, B19V infection is likely under-diagnosed. Diagnosis of unusual B19V organ involvement needs combination of arguments which can include targeted tissue PCR.


Asunto(s)
Eritema Infeccioso , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Humanos , Eritema Infeccioso/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , ADN Viral/análisis , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre
6.
Br J Haematol ; 193(4): 814-826, 2021 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33844842

RESUMEN

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) with major ABO incompatibility is responsible for transfusion dependent anaemia, impaired quality of life and iron overload. We conducted a retrospective study, over a 10-year period, which included all consecutive patients who received a major ABO mismatched aHSCT, to assess the impact of specific treatment on PRCA. We did not observe any PRCA in the 57 aHSCT issued from cord blood. Among the remaining 631 patients, cumulative incidence of PRCA was 10·5% [range 8·2-13.0]. The median duration of resolved PRCA was 171 days [IQR 116; 261]. Pre-transplant high isohaemagglutinins titre was associated with an increased risk of PRCA (P < 10-4 ). PRCA did not affect overall survival (P = 0·95). Twenty-two patients (33·3%) received at least one specific treatment. The most commonly used treatments were rituximab (17 patients) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI; seven patients). Regarding PRCA resolution, we did not observe a significant difference between treated or untreated subjects (HR = 0·93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·48- 1·80; P = 0·82). Similar results were observed with erythropoietin treatment (22 patients, HR = 0·86 95% CI: [0·47-1·57] P = 0·62). Our data do not support the use of erythropoietin, rituximab or DLI for the treatment of PRCA.


Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/sangre , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Aplasia Pura de Células Rojas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Aloinjertos , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/sangre , Incompatibilidad de Grupos Sanguíneos/mortalidad , Niño , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aplasia Pura de Células Rojas/sangre , Aplasia Pura de Células Rojas/mortalidad , Aplasia Pura de Células Rojas/terapia , Tasa de Supervivencia
7.
Oncologist ; 26(6): 492-503, 2021 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33458904

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Preventing premature ovarian failure (POF) is a major challenge in oncology. With conventional regimens, cytotoxicity-associated POF involves primordial follicles (PF) pool depletion by apoptosis or overactivation mechanisms, notably mediated by the ABL/TAp63 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. New anticancer treatments have been designed to target pathways implicated in tumor growth. Although concerns regarding fertility arise with these targeted therapies, we hypothesized that targeted therapies may exert off-tumor effects on PF that might delay POF. We provide an overview of evidence concerning these off-tumor effects on PF. Limitations and future potential implications of these findings are discussed. DESIGN: PubMed was searched by combining Boolean operators with the following keywords: fertility, ovarian, follicle, anti-tumoral, cancer, targeted, cytotoxic, and chemotherapy. RESULTS: Cisplatin-related PF apoptosis via the ABL/TAp63 pathway was targeted with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, in mice, but effects were recently challenged by findings on human ovarian xenografts in mice. In cyclophosphamide-treated mice, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition with mTOR inhibitors and AS101 preserved the PF pool. Proteasome and GSK3 inhibitors were evaluated for direct and indirect follicle DNA damage prevention. Surprisingly, evidence for cytotoxic drug association with PF pool preservation was found. We also describe selected non-anticancer molecules that may minimize gonadotoxicity. CONCLUSION: Not all anticancer treatments are associated with POF, particularly since the advent of targeted therapies. The feasibility of associating a protective drug targeting PF exhaustion mechanisms with cytotoxic treatments should be evaluated, as a way of decreasing the need for conventional fertility preservation techniques. Further evaluations are required for transfer into clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Anticancer therapies are associated with infertility in 10%-70% of patients, which is the result of primordial follicles pool depletion. Alone or associated with gonadotoxic treatments, some targeted therapies may exert favorable off-targets effects on the primordial follicle pool by slowing down their exhaustion. Current evidence of these effects relies on murine models or human in vitro models. Evaluation of these protective strategies in humans is challenging; however, if these results are confirmed with clinical and biological data, it not only could be a new approach to female fertility preservation but also would change standard fertility strategies.


Asunto(s)
Preservación de la Fertilidad , Reserva Ovárica , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria , Animales , Femenino , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 , Humanos , Ratones , Folículo Ovárico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/inducido químicamente
8.
Haematologica ; 106(7): 1867-1875, 2021 07 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32527951

RESUMEN

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a potentially curative and useful strategy in high-risk relapsing CLL. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) assessment at 12 months post-HSCT is predictive of relapse. This phase 2 study aimed to achieve M12 MRD negativity (MRDneg) using MRD-driven immune-intervention (Md-PII) algorithm based on serial flow-cytometry blood MRD, involving cyclosporine tapering followed if failure by donor lymphocytes infusions. Patients had high-risk CLL according to 2006 EBMT consensus, in complete or partial response with lymphadenopathy < 5 cm and comorbidity score ≤ 2. Donors were HLA-matched sibling or matched unrelated (10/10). Forty-two enrolled patients with either 17p deletion (front-line, n=11; relapse n=16) or other high-risk relapse (n=15) received reduced intensity-conditioning regimen before HSCT and were submitted to Md-PII. M12-MRDneg status was achieved in 64% versus 14.2% before HSCT. With a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 19-53), 3-year overall survival, non-relapse mortality and cumulative incidence of relapse are 86.9% (95%CI, 70.8-94.4), 9.5% (95%CI, 3.7-23.4) and 29.6% (95%CI, 17.3-47.7). Incidence of 2-year limited and extensive chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is 38% (95%CI, 23-53) and 23% (95%CI, 10-36) including 2 cases post Md-PII. Fifteen patients converted to MRDneg either after CsA withdrawal (n=12) or after cGVHD (n=3). As a time-dependent variable, MRDneg achievement at any time-point correlates with reduced relapse (HR=0.14 [0.04-0.53], p=0.004) and improvement of both progression free (HR=0.18 [0.06-0.6], p<0.005) and overall (HR: 0.18 [0.03-0.98], p=0.047) survival. These data highlight the value of MRD-driven immune-intervention to induce prompt MRD clearance in the therapy of CLL.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/terapia , Neoplasia Residual , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante
9.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol ; 43(6): 232-235, 2021 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32815886

RESUMEN

Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome not generally associated with acute leukemia. The authors report a case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an adult female individual newly diagnosed with TAR syndrome. A 347-kb microdeletion of chromosome 1q21.1 involving the RBM8A gene was detected within a gain of whole chromosome 1. Next-generation sequencing on fibroblasts confirmed germline heterozygous deletion of RBM8A but on the other allele, noncoding low-frequency regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism of RBM8A (rs139428292; rs201779890) were not found. The tolerance of the treatment was unusual and mostly marked by a slow hematopoietic recovery leading to a 6-month delay at the beginning of the maintenance phase. Only 5 cases of acute leukemia were reported in patients with TAR syndrome in the literature: 4 acute myeloid leukemia and one B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This is the first report of T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia occurring in the context of TAR syndrome.


Asunto(s)
Síndromes Congénitos de Insuficiencia de la Médula Ósea/complicaciones , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/complicaciones , Trombocitopenia/complicaciones , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades Superiores/complicaciones , Adulto , Deleción Cromosómica , Síndromes Congénitos de Insuficiencia de la Médula Ósea/genética , Síndromes Congénitos de Insuficiencia de la Médula Ósea/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/terapia , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Radio (Anatomía) , Trombocitopenia/genética , Trombocitopenia/terapia , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades Superiores/genética , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades Superiores/terapia , Adulto Joven
10.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant ; 26(9): 1620-1626, 2020 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32454215

RESUMEN

Almost one-half of patients developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) will not respond to standard first-line steroid treatment. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is able to induce tolerance in preclinical models of GVHD. AAT alters the cytokine milieu, promotes a tolerogenic shift of dendritic cells, and skews effector T cells toward regulatory T cells. Gastrointestinal steroid-refractory (SR)-GVHD is a protein-losing enteropathy that might represent the optimal setting in which to use AAT. Here we analyze the outcomes of 16 patients treated with human-derived AAT in advanced-stage gut SR-GVHD, with two-thirds of the patients having failed at least 1 treatment for SR-GVHD. The overall response rate (ORR) was 44%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 27%. Gastrointestinal response was observed in 61% of patients. The median time to best response was 21 days (range, 6 to 26 days). At day 56 after AAT treatment, all CRs were maintained, and the ORR was 39%. The 1-year overall survival was 48% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 74%). Ancillary studies showed that AAT serum levels were in the normal range at the beginning of treatment, whereas fecal loss was elevated. AAT levels consistently rose after exogenous administration, but no correlation was found between serum levels and response. REG3α and IL-33 levels were associated with response while, in contrast to previous reports, regulatory T cells decreased during AAT treatment. This retrospective analysis supports a previous report of AAT as a promising agent in the management of gut SR-GVHD and should prompt its evaluation at an earlier stage.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Enfermedades Intestinales , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inducción de Remisión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esteroides
12.
Haematologica ; 105(1): 91-101, 2020 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31097628

RESUMEN

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for sickle cell anemia (SCA), but the place of myeloablative conditioning in the procedure remains to be defined. The aim of the present study was to analyze long-term outcomes, including chimerism, SCA-related events and biological data (hemoglobin, reticulocytes, HbS%), and fertility in a French series of 234 SCA patients under 30 years of age who, from 1988 to 2012, received a matched-sibling-donor stem cell transplantation following standardized myeloablative conditioning [busulfan, cyclophosphamide and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG)]. Since the first report of the series (1988-2004), 151 new consecutive patients with SCA have been similarly transplanted. Considering death, non-engraftment or rejection (donor cells <5%) as events, the 5-year event-free survival was 97.9% (95% confidence interval: 95.5-100%), confirming, since the year 2000, an at least 95% chance of cure. In the overall cohort (n=234, median follow up 7.9 years), event-free survival was not associated with age, but chronic-graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) was independently associated with recipient's age >15 years (hazard ratio=4.37; P=0.002) and lower (5-15 vs 20 mg/kg) ATG dose (hazard ratio=4.55; P=0.001). At one year, 44% of patients had mixed chimerism (5-95% donor cells), but those prepared with ATG had no graft rejection. No events related to SCA occurred in patients with mixed chimerism, even those with 15-20% donor cells, but hemolytic anemia stigmata were observed with donor cells <50%. Myeloablative transplantation with matched-sibling donor currently has a higher event-free survival (98%) in patients under 30 years of age than that reported for non-myeloablative conditioning (88%). Nevertheless, the risk of cGvHD in older patients and the need to preserve fertility might be indications for a non-myeloablative conditioning.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Anciano , Anemia de Células Falciformes/terapia , Quimerismo , Fertilidad , Francia/epidemiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Hermanos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante
13.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 22(1): e13222, 2020 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31782875

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Haploidentical bone marrow transplant (haplo-BMT) offers near universal donor availability as a curative modality for individuals with severe sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the required intense immunodepletion is associated with increased infectious complications. A paucity of data exists on immune reconstitution following haplo-BMT for SCD. METHODS: A multi-institution learning collaborative was developed in the context of a phase II clinical trial of a non-myeloablative, related haplo-BMT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for SCD. We report results from a cohort of 23 patients for whom immune reconstitution data up to one year were available. RESULTS: Median age was 14.8 years. Out of 23, 18 participants received pre-conditioning with azathioprine, hydroxyurea, and hypertransfusions. 70% (16/23) of participants had multiple indications for haplo-BMT. We observed excellent immune reconstitution of CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56 cellular subsets by 6 months post transplant. Engraftment rate and event-free survival in this cohort were 100% and 96%, respectively. 70% (16/23) of patients had at least one viral reactivation or infection, including CMV 35% (8/23), HHV-6 22% (5/23), and polyoma virus 17% (4/23), with no cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. CONCLUSION: Further prospective studies are needed to better characterize immune reconstitution and the immunologic basis for increased viral reactivation following haplo-BMT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for SCD.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/complicaciones , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/efectos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Reconstitución Inmune , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Activación Viral , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Ensayos Clínicos Fase II como Asunto , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/efectos adversos , Trasplante Haploidéntico/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven
14.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant ; 25(6): 1197-1209, 2019 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30500440

RESUMEN

Curative therapy for individuals with severe sickle cell disease (SCD) who lack an HLA-identical sibling donor has been frustratingly elusive. In with the goal of improving engraftment while minimizing transplantation-related morbidity, a multi-institutional learning collaborative was developed in the context of a Phase II clinical trial of nonmyeloablative, related HLA-haploidentical (haplo) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. All eligible participants had hemoglobin SS, and 89% (16 of 18) had an identifiable donor. The median patient age was 20.9 years (IQR, 12.1 to 26.0 years), and the most common indication for transplantation was overt stroke (in 69%; 11 of 16). In the first 3 patients, the conditioning regimen consisted of antithymocyte globulin, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and low-dose total body irradiation. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included post-transplantation cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, and sirolimus. Primary graft rejection occurred in 2 of the 3 patients (67%), which triggered the study-stopping rule. To reduce graft rejection risk, thiotepa was added to the conditioning regimen, and then 15 patients (including 2 with previous graft rejection) underwent haplo-BMT with this thiotepa-augmented conditioning regimen. At a median follow-up of 13.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 3.8 to 23.1 months), 93% (14 of 15) had >95% stable donor engraftment at 6 months, with 100% overall survival. The median time to neutrophil engraftment (>500) was 22 days (IQR, 19 to 27 days), and that for platelet engraftment (>50 x 109/L) was 28 days (IQR, 27 days to not reached). Two patients had grade III-IV acute GVHD, 1 patient had mild chronic GVHD, and 86% of patients (6 of 7) were off immunosuppression therapy by 1-year post-transplantation. Our data suggest that haplo-BMT with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and thiotepa improves donor engraftment without significantly increasing morbidity or mortality and could dramatically expand curative options for individuals with SCD.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Tiotepa/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacología , Niño , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Tiotepa/farmacología , Donantes de Tejidos , Adulto Joven
15.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant ; 25(12): 2438-2446, 2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31394275

RESUMEN

Outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with leukemia differ from other age groups and are still under-represented in clinical research. The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT) in AYAs with acute leukemia reported to Eurocord/European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Patients (N = 504) had acute lymphoblastic (59%) or myeloid leukemia (41%), were aged 15 to 25 years, and received UCBT after myeloablative conditioning regimens between 2004 and 2016. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS). Median follow-up was 3.9 years. Transplant was single in 58% and double UCBT in 42%. Three-year OS was 45% and leukemia free survival (LFS) was 41%. Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and relapse were 31% and 28%, respectively. CIF of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV at day 100 was 28%. Three-year CIF of chronic GVHD was 25%. In adjusted analysis, better disease status at UCBT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; P < .001) and more recent UCBT (HR, 1.43; P = .01) were associated with increased OS, and a similar effect of these factors was observed on LFS. Contrastingly, the use of antithymocyte globulin had a negative effect in LFS. The risk of acute GVHD grades II to IV increased with the use of double UCBT (HR, 1.65; P  = .02) and decreased with more recent transplant period (HR, .65; P = .02) and antithymocyte globulin use (HR, .55; P  = .01). Outcomes of AYA UCBT improved in more recent years, becoming comparable with pediatric results. Demonstrating the feasibility of UCBT in AYAs facilitates stem cell source selection and provides the basis for future prospective studies.


Asunto(s)
Suero Antilinfocítico/administración & dosificación , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre del Cordón Umbilical , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Sistema de Registros , Donante no Emparentado , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/mortalidad , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Humanos , Incidencia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidad , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia
16.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant ; 25(12): 2490-2500, 2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31421238

RESUMEN

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious complication associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although anti-CD-20 therapy is now used as a preemptive strategy for EBV reactivation, PTLD still occurs in some patients. Here we analyzed outcomes and risk factors associated with PTLD transformation in 208 HSCT recipients who were diagnosed with EBV-DNAemia and received at least 1 course of rituximab. The median patient age was 42.52 years (range, 8.35 to 74.77 years), and the median duration of follow-up was 47.33 months (range, 3.18 to 126.20 months). The 2-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 62.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.4 to 69.9), and the 2-year cumulative incidence function of PTLD was 6.3% (95% CI, 3.5% to 10.1%), for a median follow-up of patients diagnosed with PTLD of 37.85 months. Multivariable analysis identified 4 risk factors associated with PTLD: HSCT from an unrelated donor, recipient HLA-DRB1*11:01, fever at diagnosis of EBV infection, and donor-recipient sex-mismatched HSCT. The presence of more than 2 of these risk factors was associated with an increased risk of developing PTLD. This retrospective study identifies risk factors associated with PTLD in EBV-infected patients after HSCT and defines patient subgroups that may benefit from intensified preemptive strategies.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Herpesvirus Humano 4/metabolismo , Rituximab/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/inducido químicamente , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/metabolismo , Humanos , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Rituximab/administración & dosificación
17.
Blood ; 129(11): 1548-1556, 2017 03 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27965196

RESUMEN

Despite advances in supportive therapy to prevent complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), access to care is not universal. Hematopoietic cell transplantation is, to date, the only curative therapy for SCD, but its application is limited by availability of a suitable HLA-matched donor and lack of awareness of the benefits of transplant. Included in this study are 1000 recipients of HLA-identical sibling transplants performed between 1986 and 2013 and reported to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Eurocord, and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. The primary endpoint was event-free survival, defined as being alive without graft failure; risk factors were studied using a Cox regression models. The median age at transplantation was 9 years, and the median follow-up was longer than 5 years. Most patients received a myeloablative conditioning regimen (n = 873; 87%); the remainder received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (n = 125; 13%). Bone marrow was the predominant stem cell source (n = 839; 84%); peripheral blood and cord blood progenitors were used in 73 (7%) and 88 (9%) patients, respectively. The 5-year event-free survival and overall survival were 91.4% (95% confidence interval, 89.6%-93.3%) and 92.9% (95% confidence interval, 91.1%-94.6%), respectively. Event-free survival was lower with increasing age at transplantation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; P < .001) and higher for transplantations performed after 2006 (HR, 0.95; P = .013). Twenty-three patients experienced graft failure, and 70 patients (7%) died, with the most common cause of death being infection. The excellent outcome of a cohort transplanted over the course of 3 decades confirms the role of HLA-identical sibling transplantation for children and adults with SCD.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Adolescente , Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Anemia de Células Falciformes/mortalidad , Niño , Preescolar , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Supervivencia de Injerto , Antígenos HLA , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/mortalidad , Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Hermanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tasa de Supervivencia , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento
18.
Blood ; 129(10): 1380-1388, 2017 03 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28073785

RESUMEN

Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies are being increasingly tested in patients with advanced lymphoma. Following treatment, many of those patients are likely to be candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, the safety and efficacy of HSCT may be affected by prior PD-1 blockade. We conducted an international retrospective analysis of 39 patients with lymphoma who received prior treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor, at a median time of 62 days (7-260) before HSCT. After a median follow-up of 12 months, the 1-year cumulative incidences of grade 2-4 and grade 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 44% and 23%, respectively, whereas the 1-year incidence of chronic GVHD was 41%. There were 4 treatment-related deaths (1 from hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 3 from early acute GVHD). In addition, 7 patients developed a noninfectious febrile syndrome shortly after transplant requiring prolonged courses of steroids. One-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74-96) and 76% (95% CI, 56-87), respectively. One-year cumulative incidences of relapse and nonrelapse mortality were 14% (95% CI, 4-29) and 11% (95% CI, 3-23), respectively. Circulating lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in 17 patients. Compared with controls, patients previously treated with PD-1 blockade had significantly decreased PD-1+ T cells and decreased ratios of T-regulatory cells to conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells. In conclusion, HSCT after PD-1 blockade appears feasible with a low rate of relapse. However, there may be an increased risk of early immune toxicity, which could reflect long-lasting immune alterations triggered by prior PD-1 blockade.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Linfoma/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Aloinjertos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Nivolumab , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Adulto Joven
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