A Low-Cost Paper Glucose Sensor with Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline Electrode.

For the hundreds of millions of worldwide diabetic patients, glucose test strips are the most important and commonly used tool for monitoring blood glucose levels. Commercial test strips use glucose oxidases as recognition agents, which increases the cost and reduces the durability of test strips. To lower the cost of glucose sensors, we developed a paper-based electrical sensor with molecularly imprinted glucose recognition sites and demonstrated the determination of various glucose concentrations in bovine blood solutions. The sensing electrode is integrated with molecular recognition sites in the conductive polymer. A calibration graph as a function of glucose concentration in aqueous solution was acquired and matched with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. We also demonstrated the determination of the added glucose concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 11.1 mM in bovine blood samples with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.984. This non-enzymatic glucose sensor has the potential to reduce the health care cost of test strips as well as make glucose sensor test strips more accessible to underserved communities.

A Low-cost and Enzyme-free Glucose Paper Sensor.

A low-cost and enzyme-free glucose paper sensor is presented as a promising alternative to glucose test strips. This paper-based glucose sensor is prepared with molecularly imprinted (MIP) polyaniline (PANI) electrode. The determination of glucose concentrations was studied by the impedance change of the paper sensor before and after the blood samples dispensing at a low frequency. A comparison of the linear and polynomial regression was applied to analyze the impedance ratio as a function of glucose concentrations. The proposed glucose paper sensor showed a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.135 mM. This novel and non-enzymatic paper sensor suggests a low-cost glucose test assay and can improve the quality of routine testing for diabetic patients.