The influence of different sugammadex doses on neural tube development in early-stage chick embryos.

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin that has been developed with the goal of reversing the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of different sugammadex doses on embryologic and neural tube development in an early-stage chick embryo model. METHODS: A total of 100 specific pathogen-free, fertilized domestic chicken eggs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20, each), and placed in an automatic cycle incubator. The eggs in the "control (C)" group were incubated without administration of any drug till the end of the experiment. Sub-blastodermic administration of 0.9% NaCl as vehicle control (VC) and different doses of sugammadex solutions prepared with the latter [2 mg/mL (LD), 4 mg/mL (MD), 16 mg/mL (HD)] were performed at 30 hr of incubation. All embryos were removed from the eggs at 72 hr when they were expected to reach Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages 19-20, then they were fixed, and evaluated histo-morphologically. RESULTS: Embryonic development was not observed in 11 eggs (1 in C, 1 in VC; 3 in LD, 3 in MD, and 3 in HD). All the developed embryos were compatible with the HH stages 19-20. A neural tube closure defect was detected in one embryo in the HD group. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of embryonic and neural tube developments. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association was found between the drug and adverse outcomes; however, a trend with dosing was seen. Further studies are required before conclude on safety and extrapolate these results to human beings.

Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Neural Tube Development in Early Chicken Embryos.

AIM: To investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on neural tube development in early chicken embryos. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty pathogen-free fertilized eggs were initially incubated for thirty hours. The eggs were divided into 5 groups. In the control group (C) the egg?s apex was opened and closed without any administration. In the distilled water group (DW), 10 microliters of distilled water were injected into the sub-blastodermic area. ZnO-NP suspensions were prepared in distilled water and injected sub-blastodermically into the low, medium and high dose ZnO-NP groups (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Incubation was completed in 72 hours, and embryological and neural tube development was evaluated histologically with a light microscope. RESULTS: Embryos in all groups were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) staging. It was observed that the staging progressed by the developmental process between 68-72 hours, which is equivalent to the 19-20th stage of HH. Differentiated otic vesicle, optic cup, lens vesicle, pharynx, and Rathke?s pouch were all observed in embryo sections. Both forebrain and hindbrain vesicles were easily distinguished in the sections by cranial flexion. Neural tube closure defect was not detected in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: In our observations, ZnO-NPs did not affect neural tube development at the applied dose ranges. We believe that additional studies with higher doses using a higher number of subjects will help clarify the conflicting data in the literature.