ACCEPTABILITY OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF HEALTH EXTENSION WORKERS (HEWS) IN MEDICAL ABORTION (MA): THE PERSPECTIVES OF CLIENTS, SERVICE PROVIDERS AND TRAINED HEWS IN EAST SHOA AND ARSI ZONES, OROMIYA REGION, ETHIOPIA.

BACKGROUND: Unsafe abortion remains a significant contributor of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia and other developing countries. Involvement of community based health workers, health extension workers (HEWs) in Ethiopia, is a vital step in increasing access and utilization of medical abortion and related services. In order to engage HEWs, it is important to understand the attitude of women and service providers. OBJECTIVE: To explore the acceptability of involvement of HEWs in medical abortion by women who seek services, by abortion service providers, and assess willingness and confidence of HEWs. METHODS: An exploratory in-depth interview was conducted at three purposively selected health facilities in Ethiopia; namely Marie Stopes International (MSI) Adama clinic, MSI Asella clinic and Adama Government Health Centre from July-August, 2013. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysis was done using Atlas ti software. Themes were abstracted from coded text segments. The findings are presented using quotations, Atlas ti networks and queries. RESULTS: Thirty eight (26 eligibility, 12 follow up) women participated in the study and 9 HEWs and 7 service providers were interviewed. Almost all of the interviewed women, service providers and HEWs accepted HEWs involvement in medical abortion services. The HEWs expressed readiness and confidence. Concerns related to the involvement of HEWs included confidentiality, privacy, over dependence on abortion rather than preventing unwanted pregnancy, quality and poor referral system. CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of medical abortion services by involving HEWs can contribute to the reduction of abortion related morbidity and mortality. Concerns of the study population should be addressed by training HEWs for medical abortion, creating better awareness and advocacy among women and communities, addressing quality and referral issues with proper planning, implementing and monitoring of activities.

Predictors of HIV testing among youth 15-24 years in urban Ethiopia, 2017-2018 Ethiopia population-based HIV impact assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Youth (adolescents and young adults) aged 15-24 years comprise approximately 22% of Ethiopia's total population and make up 0.73% of HIV cases in urban Ethiopia. However, only 63% of HIV-positive youth are aware of their HIV status. We describe the HIV testing behaviors of youth 15-24 years and determined the characteristics of those who were most likely to be tested for HIV within the past year. METHODS: Using data from the 2017-2018 Ethiopia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment, we provide survey-weighted estimates and prevalence risk ratios for engagement in HIV testing in the 12 months preceding the survey. We model the likelihood of HIV testing one year or more before the survey compared to never testing, using a multinomial logistic regression model. RESULTS: Among HIV-negative and unaware HIV-positive youth 15-24 years old (N = 7,508), 21.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.4-23.3%] reported testing for HIV in the last 12 months. Female youth [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4-1.8], those aged 20-24 years (PR = 2.6, 95% CI:2.3-2.9), and those ever married (PR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.5-3.1) were more likely to have tested for HIV within the last year. Adjusting for select demographic characteristics, sex with a non-spousal or non-live-in partner [Relative Risk (RR) = 0.3, 95% CI:0.1-0.8] among males did not increase their likelihood to test for HIV in the prior 12 months. Female youth engaged in antenatal care (RR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.3) were more likely to test for HIV in the past year. CONCLUSION: The Ethiopian HIV case finding strategy may consider approaches for reaching untested youth, with a specific focus on adolescent males,15-19 years of age. This is critical towards achieving the UNAIDS HIV testing goal of 95% of all individuals living with HIV aware of their status by 2030.