The Present Shock and Time Re-appropriation in the Pandemic Era : Missed Opportunities for Science Education.

The crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic led most people all over the world to deal with a change in their perception and organization of time. This happened also, and mainly, within the educational institutions, where students and teachers had to rearrange their teaching/learning dynamics because of the forced education at a distance. In this paper, we present an exploratory qualitative study with secondary school students aimed to investigate how they were experiencing their learning during lockdown and how, in particular, learning of science contributed to rearranging their daily lifetime rituals. In order to design and carry out our investigation, we borrowed constructs coming from a research field rather unusual for science education: the field of sociology of time. The main result concerns the discovery of the potential of the dichotomy between alienation from time and time re-appropriation. The former is a construct elaborated by the sociologist Hartmut Rosa to describe the society of acceleration in the "era of future shock". The latter represents an elaboration of the construct of appropriation that the authors had operationally defined, starting from Bakhtin's original idea, to describe the nexus between physics learning and identity. Thanks to the elaboration of the notion of time re-appropriation as feature of the "era of present shock", the study unveils how school science, instead of preparing the young to navigate our fast-changing and complex society, tends to create "bubbles of rituals" that detach learning from societal concern.

Drug induced exfoliative dermatitis: state of the art.

Drug induced exfoliative dermatitis (ED) are a group of rare and severe drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) involving skin and usually occurring from days to several weeks after drug exposure. Erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are the main clinical presentations of drug induced ED. Overall, T cells are the central player of these immune-mediated drug reactions. Here we provide a systematic review on frequency, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features and management of patients with drug induced ED.

Latex immunotherapy: state of the art.

OBJECTIVE: Latex allergy remains a significant problem, especially among certain professional categories, and specific immunotherapy has been suggested as a suitable therapeutic option. The objective of the this article is to review the available literature on clinical trials of specific immunotherapy in latex allergy. DATA SOURCES: Literature databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar) were searched for latex immunotherapy clinical trials. STUDY SELECTIONS: Clinical trials (either open or randomized controlled) using subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy with latex extracts were selected. Only articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Case reports quoted in the clinical trials were also described, when pertinent. RESULTS: Eleven clinical trials (3 with subcutaneous and 8 with sublingual immunotherapy) were identified. Two of the 3 randomized trials of subcutaneous immunotherapy reported some benefit in adults but a remarkable occurrence of side effects. Concerning sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), there were 6 randomized placebo-controlled (1 in children), 1 randomized open, and 1 open trials. All but 1 trial reported positive results, and the safety profile was overall superior to injection immunotherapy. The overall quality of the study was moderate, and the number of subjects studied was low. CONCLUSION: Although guidelines do not consider allergy to latex as an accepted indication to desensitization, SLIT can be offered, in addition to symptomatic treatment, to selected patients, when avoidance measures are not feasible or effective.