Brucellosis prevalence in yaks in China in 1980-2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, the yak is an animal of particular economic interest, which provides protein and income for herders in daily life. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that can infect humans and animals, including yaks. It can damage the yak reproductive system, causing miscarriage and orchitis. At the same time, brucellosis threatens the health of herders. We performed this meta-analysis using R software to explore the combined prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in yak in China. Variability was assessed by the I2 statistic and Cochran Q statistic. We identified 52 publications of related research from four databases (Wanfang Data, VIP Chinese Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and of PubMed). The pooled prevalence of yak brucellosis was 8.39 %. Prevalence was highest in Southwestern China (11.1 %). The point estimate of brucellosis in yak from 2012 to 2016 was the highest (11.47 %). The point estimate of age ≤ 12 months (1.44 %) was lower than that of age > 12 months (15.6 %). This study shows that yak brucellosis is serious, and its incidence is higher than before 2012. We recommend carrying out large-scale yak brucellosis investigations in Western China and conducting comprehensive testing planning. The detection of brucellosis in adult animals should be strengthened to reduce the economic loss caused by brucellosis to herders and to improve public health.

Prevalence of Leptospira in murine in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria from the genus Leptospira. The disease is widely distributed throughout China, causing harm to human and animal health. Murine may naturally carry a variety of pathogenic Leptospira, thus being important sources of infection by humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to assess and analyse the prevalence of Leptospira and its risk factors in murine. We collected 46 publications published between inception and 2022 through China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP Chinese Journal Database, Wanfang Database, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. In these studies, a total of 54,051 murine in 5 regions of China were investigated, and the prevalence of leptospirosis ranged from 1.11 to 35.29%. The prevalence of murine leptospirosis in south China was the highest, at 20.13%, and the lowest in northeast China, at 1.11% (P < 0.05). The prevalence of leptospirosis in male murine was 21.38%, which was significantly higher than that in females (17.07%; P < 0.05). Results according to detection method subgroup showed that the prevalence from serological testing was 15.94%, which was significantly higher than that of etiology and molecular biology methods (P < 0.01). In the sample subgroup, the positive rate of serum samples was 15.30%, which was significantly higher than that of tissue samples, at 7.97%. In addition, the influence of different geographical factors on prevalence was analyzed, indicating that the Yangtze River Basin was a high-incidence area for leptospirosis. The study showed that Leptospira were ubiquitous throughout the country, and factors such as environment, temperature and landform affect the murine distribution and their bacteria carrying rate. We suggest strengthening the continuous monitoring of leptospirosis and taking effective and comprehensive measures such as reducing water contact, vaccinating in high-incidence seasons, and avoiding human contamination caused by water pollution and contact with infected murine.

Diagnostic values of MSCT and MRI for Castleman disease / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of multi-slices spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for Castleman disease.Methods Six Castleman disease patients confirmed pathologically in some hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 had their clinical data and imaging findings by MSCT and MRI analyzed retrospectively,of whom,all the ones underwent examinations by noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans,1 patient went through MRI examination.Results All the patients had the lesions being solitary and focal,of whom,3 female patients aging from 44 to 52 years old had thoracic lesions and the remained 3 male patients aging from 27 to 53 years old had abdominal lesions.MSCT showed round or oval soft tissue masses with homogeneous density and clear boundary in the 6 patients.Contrast-enhanced scan found significantly homogeneous enhancement similar to the adjacent artery in arterial phase and persistent enhancement in delayed phase,and there were feeding artery and draining vein in adjacent area.Volume rendering and maximul intensity projection displayed the feeding artery and draining vein clearly.Conclusion MSCT and MRI contribute to evaluating the blood supply and adjacent anatomy of Castleman disease patient,and thus can provide references for its clinical diagnosis.

Diagnostic values of MSCT and MRI for Castleman disease / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of multi-slices spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for Castleman disease.Methods Six Castleman disease patients confirmed pathologically in some hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 had their clinical data and imaging findings by MSCT and MRI analyzed retrospectively,of whom,all the ones underwent examinations by noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans,1 patient went through MRI examination.Results All the patients had the lesions being solitary and focal,of whom,3 female patients aging from 44 to 52 years old had thoracic lesions and the remained 3 male patients aging from 27 to 53 years old had abdominal lesions.MSCT showed round or oval soft tissue masses with homogeneous density and clear boundary in the 6 patients.Contrast-enhanced scan found significantly homogeneous enhancement similar to the adjacent artery in arterial phase and persistent enhancement in delayed phase,and there were feeding artery and draining vein in adjacent area.Volume rendering and maximul intensity projection displayed the feeding artery and draining vein clearly.Conclusion MSCT and MRI contribute to evaluating the blood supply and adjacent anatomy of Castleman disease patient,and thus can provide references for its clinical diagnosis.

[Study on the PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene]

PTEN (also designated MMAC1) gene is a new tumor suppressor gene proved to be a lipid phosphatase. The target lipid, called phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, PIP3, and it is a key component of the major cell growth control pathways, acting both to stimulate cell growth and to inhibit tumor cell proliferation blocking apoptosis. PTEN mutations have been linked to a variety of human cancers. Mutations of PTEN during tumorigenesis allow the mutated cells to grow unchecked when they should die.