RESUMEN
Degenerative disc disease is a multifaceted progressive irreversible condition and an inevitable part of aging, which has been found to be a contributing factor for low back pain and might cause radiculopathy, myelopathy, spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and herniations. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial. Although genetics influence more dominant, the occupational and mechanical influences still persist as a major risk factor. This review emphasizes up-to-date knowledge regarding etiology of disc degeneration with special consideration on occupational, lifestyle factors, and genetic polymorphisms.
Asunto(s)
Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/etiología , Humanos , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/genética , Estilo de Vida , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiologíaRESUMEN
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane-associated protein which has attracted considerable attention as a candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on its function as a key factor in lipid metabolism by mediating cellular cholesterol efflux, the rate-limiting step in the production of nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The relationship between ABCA1 common variations (R219 K rs2230806, I883 M rs4149313 and R1587 K rs2230808) and AD has been reported in various ethnic groups; however, these studies have yielded contradictory results. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of 13 studies involving a total of 12,248 subjects to evaluate the effect of ABCA1 on genetic susceptibility for AD. Overall, the summary OR of AD was 1.01 (95 % CI: 0.93-1.10; P = 0.77), 1.10 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.26; P = 0.16), and 1.08 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.23; P = 0.21) for R219 K, I883 M and R1587 K polymorphism, respectively. No significant results were observed in dominant and recessive when compared with wild genotype for these polymorphisms. In the stratified analyses by ethnicity and sample size, no evidence of any gene-disease association was obtained. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis does not support the notion that common SNPs on ABCA1 is a major genetic risk factor for AD.
Asunto(s)
Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Transportador 1 de Casete de Unión a ATP , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Because the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) system for liver allocation gives priority to patients with a higher creatinine, and because pre-transplant renal function is one determinant of post-transplant renal function, this study compares the burden of renal insufficiency in the pre-MELD and MELD eras. Two hundred and eleven patients, at our institution, transplanted in the pre-MELD era, were compared to 143 in the MELD era. The GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) was significantly higher in the MELD cohort than the pre-MELD cohort at time of transplant, discharge, and 12 months post-transplant (95.5 vs. 85.3, p = 0.039; 90.4 vs. 77.4, p = 0.002; 66.8 vs. 60.3, p = 0.026). There was no difference between the two groups in time to renal failure. There was a higher rate of sirolimus use in the MELD era (27% vs. 18%: p = 0.042) and a slightly higher use of kidney-liver transplant in the MELD era (p = 0.056). We did not identify greater renal insufficiency in the MELD era. There was greater renal function in the MELD era at time of transplant, discharge and month 12. Potential explanations include: absence of an increase in renal insufficiency prior to transplant in the MELD era, greater use of renal sparing immunotherapy and growing use of kidney-liver transplant.
Asunto(s)
Fallo Hepático/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Insuficiencia Renal/etiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The illegal enrichment of anabolic androgenic steroids in over-the-counter dietary supplements is well documented, but the health consequences have not been widely recognized. Three recent reports document cholestatic jaundice and nephropathy due to these compounds. We present 3 additional cases of anabolic androgenic steroid-enriched dietary supplement-induced hepatotoxicity and 1 case of renal failure, and we review the literature and the relevant features of this growing health concern. Recognition of this entity could obviate the need for invasive diagnostic testing and hospitalization and facilitate diagnosis and appropriate counseling.
Asunto(s)
Anabolizantes/efectos adversos , Colestasis Intrahepática/inducido químicamente , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Renal/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Andrógenos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG sequences were used as immunoadjuvants to enhance the immune responses of newborn piglets to Pseudorabies attenuated vaccine (PAV). The titer of specific antibodies to PAV, the proliferation of lymphocytes and induced IL-2 activities were all examined to identify the immune response of the piglets. The results showed that the immune responses with CpG ODN and porcine interleukin-6 gene were significantly stronger than routine immunities. The data suggests that porcine IL-6 and CpG motifs could be employed as effective immunoadjuvants to raise the humoral and cellular responses of newborn piglets to Pseudorabies attenuated vaccine.
Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Suido 1/inmunología , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Seudorrabia/inmunología , Seudorrabia/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Proliferación Celular , Islas de CpG/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Suido 1/genética , Interleucina-2/inmunología , Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Interleucina-6/genética , Linfocitos/citología , Linfocitos/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Seudorrabia/farmacología , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of bilateral decompression via a unilateral paramedian approach for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Forty consecutive patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were divided randomly into groups 1 and 2. Patients were treated with unilateral (group 1) or bilateral (group 2) pedicle screw fixation and bilateral decompression via 1-sided (group 1) or bilateral (group 2) paramedian approach. Perioperative parameters (operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, complications, and implant cost), clinical outcome parameters (Japanese Orthopedic Association [JOA] scores, visual analog scale [VAS] scores, and Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively), and radiologic parameters (radiograph and computed tomography [CT] scan preoperatively and at 1 week postoperatively) were compared.No differences were seen between groups 1 and 2 with respect to operation time, blood loss, or hospital stay. No complications were observed in either group. The ODI, JOA, and VAS values of both groups showed significant differences between the preoperative and 1-week or 3-month postoperative values. No significant differences were seen in the improvements of the ODI, JOA, and VAPS values between groups 1 and 2 at any postoperative time point. Postoperative CT indicated that the contralateral decompression was sufficient in both groups.The short-term results indicate that bilateral decompression via a unilateral paramedian approach for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is safe, feasible, and effective over the short-term and is more cost-efficient than a bilateral paramedian approach.
Asunto(s)
Tornillos Óseos , Descompresión Quirúrgica/instrumentación , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Fusión Vertebral/instrumentación , Fusión Vertebral/métodos , Estenosis Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis Espinal/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the common mutation spectrum of α- and β-thalassemia in Yunnan childbearing-aged population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The common mutation types of α- or β-globin genes were detected by multiple Gap-PCR and the PCR-reversed dot blotting, and the unknown mutation types were determined by DNA sequencing in DNA samples of hypochromic microcytic anemia patients and carriers who were confirmed to be positive by serologic screaning, then the mutation types of globin in Yunnan population were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 40 kinds of mutation types were detected in 685 detected persons, among them the 3 commonest mutation types of α-globin genes were --(SEA)/αα (49.09%), -α(3.7)/αα (36.67%) and α(CS)α/αα (8.79%), the 3 commonest genetypes of β-globin gene were CD26(GAG>AAG)/N (43.78%), CD41-42(-CTTT)/N (20.1%) and CD17(AAG>TAG)/N (18.9%). There were 348 Han and 212 Dai ethnic persons in 685 cases, but their mutation of globin genes were different between these 2 ethnic groups. The results also showed that the gene mutation types were mostly concentrated in Dai ethnic individuals, since 28 of 38 detected α-β-thalassemia cases were Dai ethnic individuals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mutation spectrums of α- and β-globin genes in Yunnan childbearing-aged population are diverse and different from that in other areas of China.</p>
Asunto(s)
Humanos , alfa-Globulinas , Genética , Anemia Hipocrómica , Etnología , Genética , Pueblo Asiatico , China , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Etnicidad , Genética , Pruebas Genéticas , Heterocigoto , Mutación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Talasemia alfa , Etnología , Genética , Globinas beta , Genética , Talasemia beta , Etnología , GenéticaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in cisplatin sensitivity of resistant ovarian cancer A2780 cells after inhibition of miR-23a expression and explore the molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The drug-resistant ovarian cancer A2780 cells were exposed to cisplatin alone or in combination with antagomir-23a. The cell inhibition rates after the treatments were detected using MTT assay, cell cycle changes assessed with flow cytometry; and apoptotic cells observed using Hoechst33258 staining. The changes in glycoprotein P-gp expression in the cells were detected using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Inhibition of miR-23 a combined with cisplatin treatment significantly increased the cell inhibition rate (P<0.01) and lowered the IC(50) so of cisplatin by 83.76% from 110.18 μmol/L in the control group to 17.89 μmol/L (P<0.01). The combined treatments also caused cell cycle arrestin G0/G1 phase, increased the cell apoptosis rate (P<0.01) and the number of cells stained with Hoechst33258; the cellular expression of P-gp protein was significantly reduced as the cisplatin doses increased (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhibition of miR-23a expression increases the sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin possibly by inhibiting the negative regulation by miR-23a target genes that causes inhibition of P-gp protein expression.</p>